RESUMO
Infant mortality is one of the most sensitive and commonly used indicators of the social and economic development of a nation. Ethiopia is among the African countries with high infant mortality rates. This study aimed to understand and identify correlates of infant mortality in Ethiopia. Methods: The data, used in this study, were drawn from 2019 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. The multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis was done to identify the correlates of infant mortality. Results: Infant mortality rate was high in the earlier age of months. Males, higher birth order and rural residences were at higher risk of dying before first birthday compared with respective reference groups whereas health facility deliveries, single births, rich wealth indices and older maternal age were at lower risk of dying before first birthday compared with respective reference groups. Conclusion: The study found that age of mother, place of residence, wealth index, birth order, type of birth, child sex and place of delivery were statistically significant in affecting the survival of the infants. Thus, health facility deliveries should be encouraged and multiple birth infants should be given special care. Furthermore, younger mothers should better care of their babies to improve the survival of infants in Ethiopia.
RESUMO
Early neonatal death, which occurs during the prenatal period, is defined as the death of a newborn between 0 and 7 days after birth. It is one of the major public health problems in several developing countries. This study aimed to determine the early neonatal mortality rate and identify determinants of early neonatal mortality in Somalia region of Ethiopia. Methods: The data used for this study were drawn from the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (2019 EMDHS) data. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants of early neonatal mortality. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI was used to examine the association of factors with early neonatal mortality. Results: A total of 637 live births were included in this study. The early neonatal mortality rate in the study was 44 (95% CI: 31, 65) deaths per 1000 live births. Male babies (AOR: 1.628; 95% CI: 1.152-4.895), babies delivered at home (AOR: 2.288; 95% CI: 1.194-6.593), and babies born from uneducated mothers (AOR: 2.130; 95% CI: 1.744-6.100) were at increased risk of death in the first 7 days of life after birth. Contrarily, decreased risk of death of babies in the first 7 days of life after birth was associated with urban residence (AOR: 0.669; 95% CI: 0.033-0.721) and singleton (AOR: 0.345; 95% CI: 0.070-0.609). Conclusion: The early neonatal mortality rate in the region was high. The study revealed that sex of child, place of residence, birth type, mother's educational level, and place of delivery were the determinants of the death of babies in the first 7 days of life after birth. Hence, providing health education to uneducated mothers and enhancing institutional delivery is recommended to minimize the early neonatal mortality rate in the region.
RESUMO
The rate of mortality during the perinatal period is higher than at any other time in a person's life, making it the most vulnerable. This study aimed to examine regional heterogeneity and the determinants of perinatal mortality in Ethiopia. Methods: The data for this study was obtained from the 2019 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (2019 EMDHS) data. Logistic regression modeling and multilevel logistic modeling were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 5753 live birth children were included in this study. Of the total live births, 220 (3.8%) died in the first 7 days of life. Urban residence [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.621; 95% CI: 0.453-0.850], residence in Addis Ababa (AOR=0.141; 95% CI: 0.090-0.220), family size of four or less (AOR=0.761; 95% CI: 0.608-0.952), age of mother at first birth of less than 20 years (AOR=0.728; 95% CI: 0.548-0.966), and using contraceptives (AOR=0.597; 95% CI: 0.438-0.814) were associated with lower risk of perinatal mortality compared to the respective reference categories whereas residence in Afar (AOR=2.259; 95% CI: 1.235-4.132), residence in Gambela (AOR=2.352; 95% CI: 1.328-4.167), no education (AOR=1.232; 95% CI: 1.065-1.572), poor wealth index (AOR=1.670; 95% CI: 1.172-2.380), and wealth index (AOR=1.648; 95% CI: 1.174-2.314) were associated with higher risk of perinatal mortality compared to the respective reference categories. Conclusion: In this study, the overall prenatal mortality rate was 38 (95% CI: 33-44) deaths per 1000 live births, which is high in magnitude. The study identified place of residence, region, wealth index, age of the mother at first birth, educational level of the mother, family size, and use of contraceptive methods as significant determinants of perinatal mortality in Ethiopia. Thus, mothers with no education should be given health education. Women should also be given awareness regarding the use of contraceptives. In addition, further research needs to be conducted in each region separately and information made available at the disaggregate level.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life. EBF has sustainable long-term health benefits for both infants and mothers. Despite its benefits, the practice of EBF in Ethiopia is lower than the internationally recommended one. This study aimed at identifying factors influencing EBF practice among under-6 month infants in Ethiopia. METHODS: This study used data drawn from the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (2019 EMDHS) data. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to investigate factors significantly associated with EBF practice among under-6 month infants in Ethiopia. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to measure the association of factors with EBF practice. RESULTS: A total of 566 infants under the age of 6 months were included in the study. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice was 83% (95% CI: 79.70-86%). Urban residences (AOR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.22-0.73), mothers having secondary education (AOR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.29-1.84) and higher education (AOR: 3.18, 95% CI: 0.68-15.02), mothers having ANC visits of 1 to 3 times (AOR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.24-1.88) and ANC visits of 4 and more times (AOR: 4.27, 95% CI: 1.06-17.25), family size of more than 5 (AOR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.26-0.88), caesarean births (AOR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.42-0.95), and deliveries at health facilities (AOR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.12-5.63) were factors significantly associated with EBF practice among under-6 month infants. CONCLUSION: In this study, EBF practice among under-6 month infants was significantly associated with place of residence, maternal educational level, ANC visits, family size, mode of delivery, and place of delivery. Therefore, encouraging ANC visit and promotion of institutional (health facility) delivery are recommended. Furthermore, special attention has to be given to mothers with no or less education to make them better aware of the EBF and its benefits to enhance exclusive breastfeeding practice.