RESUMO
Efforts directed at improving potency and preparing structurally different TYK2 JH2 inhibitors from the first generation of compounds such as 1a led to the SAR study of new central pyridyl based analogs 2-4. The current SAR study resulted in the identification of 4h as a potent and selective TYK2 JH2 inhibitor with distinct structural differences from 1a. In this manuscript, the in vitro and in vivo profiles of 4h are described. The hWB IC50 of 4h was shown as 41 nM with 94% bioavailability in the mouse PK study.
Assuntos
Piridinas , TYK2 Quinase , Camundongos , Animais , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Piridinas/farmacologiaRESUMO
GPR40 AgoPAMs are highly effective antidiabetic agents that have a dual mechanism of action, stimulating both glucose-dependent insulin and GLP-1 secretion. The early lipophilic, aromatic pyrrolidine and dihydropyrazole GPR40 AgoPAMs from our laboratory were highly efficacious in lowering plasma glucose levels in rodents but possessed off-target activities and triggered rebound hyperglycemia in rats at high doses. A focus on increasing molecular complexity through saturation and chirality in combination with reducing polarity for the pyrrolidine AgoPAM chemotype resulted in the discovery of compound 46, which shows significantly reduced off-target activities as well as improved aqueous solubility, rapid absorption, and linear PK. In vivo, compound 46 significantly lowers plasma glucose levels in rats during an oral glucose challenge yet does not demonstrate the reactive hyperglycemia effect at high doses that was observed with earlier GPR40 AgoPAMs.
Assuntos
Glicemia , Hiperglicemia , Ratos , Animais , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G , Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Pirrolidinas/farmacologia , Pirrolidinas/química , InsulinaRESUMO
Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) agonists have shown efficacy in inflammatory-driven animal disease models and have the potential to treat a range of diseases. Many reported synthetic agonists contain a phenylurea, which appears to be necessary for activity in the reported chemotypes. We set out to find isosteres for the phenylurea and focused our efforts on heteroaryl rings. The wide range of potencies with heterocyclic isosteres demonstrates how electronic effects of the heteroatom placement impact molecular recognition. Herein, we report our discovery of benzimidazole and aminophenyloxadiazole FPR2 agonists with low nanomolar activity.
RESUMO
BMS-813160 is a pharmaceutical entity currently in development at Bristol Myers Squibb. Its defining structural feature is a unique chiral all cis triamino cyclohexane core. Medicinal and process chemistry groups at BMS have previously published synthesis strategies for chemotypes similar to the target molecule, but a streamlined approach amenable for longer-term supply was necessary. A new synthetic route was conceptualized, experimentally investigated, and determined to meet the criteria for efficiency that addressed key limitations of previous approaches. Adopting/optimizing the Trost asymmetric allylic amination desymmetrization methodology was a key tool used to produce a synthesis intermediate with high optical purity. In addition, developing a tandem Mannich-aza-Michael reaction to obviate the need for a Curtis/acylation sequence and a novel reductive amination/thermal lactamization to circumvent Freidinger-type pyrrolidone preparation are some of the synthesis improvements that enabled access to the target molecule to fulfill long-term supply requirements.
Assuntos
Catálise , Aminação , Pirazóis , Estereoisomerismo , TriazinasRESUMO
Factor XIa (FXIa) is an enzyme in the coagulation cascade thought to amplify thrombin generation but has a limited role in hemostasis. From preclinical models and human genetics, an inhibitor of FXIa has the potential to be an antithrombotic agent with superior efficacy and safety. Reversible and irreversible inhibitors of FXIa have demonstrated excellent antithrombotic efficacy without increased bleeding time in animal models (Weitz, J. I., Chan, N. C. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2019, 39 (1), 7-12). Herein, we report the discovery of a novel series of macrocyclic FXIa inhibitors containing a pyrazole P2' moiety. Optimization of the series for (pharmacokinetic) PK properties, free fraction, and solubility resulted in the identification of milvexian (BMS-986177/JNJ-70033093, 17, FXIa Ki = 0.11 nM) as a clinical candidate for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders, suitable for oral administration.
Assuntos
Trombose das Artérias Carótidas , Fator XIa , Fibrinolíticos , Pirimidinas , Triazóis , Animais , Camundongos , Coelhos , Administração Oral , Trombose das Artérias Carótidas/tratamento farmacológico , Fator XIa/antagonistas & inibidores , Fibrinolíticos/administração & dosagem , Fibrinolíticos/síntese química , Fibrinolíticos/farmacocinética , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Macaca fascicularis , Estrutura Molecular , Pirazóis/administração & dosagem , Pirazóis/síntese química , Pirazóis/farmacocinética , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/administração & dosagem , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Triazóis/administração & dosagem , Triazóis/síntese química , Triazóis/farmacocinética , Triazóis/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Heart failure (HF) treatment remains a critical unmet medical need. Studies in normal healthy volunteers and HF patients have shown that [Pyr1]apelin-13, the endogenous ligand for the APJ receptor, improves cardiac function. However, the short half-life of [Pyr1]apelin-13 and the need for intravenous administration have limited the therapeutic potential for chronic use. We sought to identify potent, small-molecule APJ agonists with improved pharmaceutical properties to enable oral dosing in clinical studies. In this manuscript, we describe the identification of a series of pyrimidinone sulfones as a structurally differentiated series to the clinical lead (compound 1). Optimization of the sulfone series for potency, metabolic stability and oral bioavailability led to the identification of compound 22, which showed comparable APJ potency to [Pyr1]apelin-13 and exhibited an acceptable pharmacokinetic profile to advance to the acute hemodynamic rat model.
Assuntos
Receptores de Apelina/agonistas , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/farmacologia , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/farmacocinética , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/farmacologia , Animais , Área Sob a Curva , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/síntese química , Desenho de Fármacos , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/química , Macaca fascicularis , Estrutura Molecular , Pirimidinonas/química , Pirimidinonas/farmacologia , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Apelin-13 is an endogenous peptidic agonist of the apelin receptor (APJ) receptor with the potential for improving cardiac function in heart failure patients. However, the low plasma stability of apelin-13 necessitates continuous intravenous infusion for therapeutic use. There are several approaches to increase the stability of apelin-13 including attachment of pharmacokinetic enhancing groups, stabilized peptides, and Fc-fusion approaches. We sought a small-molecule APJ receptor agonist approach to target a compound with a pharmacokinetic profile amenable for chronic oral administration. This manuscript describes sequential optimization of the pyrimidinone series, leading to pyridinone 14, with in vitro potency equivalent to the endogenous ligand apelin-13 and with an excellent oral bioavailability and PK profile in multiple preclinical species. Compound 14 exhibited robust pharmacodynamic effects similar to apelin-13 in an acute rat pressure-volume loop model and was advanced as a clinical candidate.
Assuntos
Receptores de Apelina/agonistas , Piridonas/química , Piridonas/farmacologia , Animais , Receptores de Apelina/metabolismo , Cães , Descoberta de Drogas , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo , Masculino , Modelos Moleculares , Piridonas/farmacocinética , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) has been shown to play a key role in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Therefore, the inhibition of the kinase activity of BTK with a small molecule inhibitor could offer a breakthrough in the clinical treatment of many autoimmune diseases. This Letter describes the discovery of BMS-986143 through systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) development. This compound benefits from defined chirality derived from two rotationally stable atropisomeric axes, providing a potent and selective single atropisomer with desirable efficacy and tolerability profiles.
RESUMO
RORγt is the master regulator of the IL-23/IL-17 axis, a pathway that is clinically validated for the treatment of various immunological disorders. Over the last few years, our group has reported different chemotypes that potently act as inverse agonists of RORγt. One of them, the tricyclic pyrrolidine chemotype, has demonstrated biologic-like preclinical efficacy and has led to our clinical candidate BMS-986251. In this letter, we discuss the invention of an annulation reaction which enabled the synthesis of a tricyclic exocyclic amide chemotype and the identification of compounds with RORγt inverse agonist activity. Preliminary structure activity relationships are disclosed.
Assuntos
Amidas/química , Hidrocarbonetos Cíclicos/química , Membro 3 do Grupo F da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/antagonistas & inibidores , Sulfonas/química , Amidas/síntese química , Amidas/metabolismo , Animais , Ciclização , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Humanos , Hidrocarbonetos Cíclicos/síntese química , Hidrocarbonetos Cíclicos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Membro 3 do Grupo F da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfonas/síntese química , Sulfonas/metabolismoRESUMO
A novel series of cis-3,4-diphenylpyrrolidines were designed as RORγt inverse agonists based on the binding conformation of previously reported bicyclic sulfonamide 1. Preliminary synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) study established (3S,4S)-3-methyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxyprop-2-yl)phenyl)pyrrolidine as the most effective scaffold. Subsequent SAR optimization led to identification of a piperidinyl carboxamide 31, which was potent against RORγt (EC50 of 61 nM in an inverse agonist assay), selective relative to RORα, RORß, LXRα and LXRß, and stable in human and mouse liver microsomes. Furthermore, compound 31 exhibited considerably lower PXR Ymax (46%) and emerged as a promising lead. The binding mode of the diphenylpyrrolidine series was established with an X-ray co-crystal structure of 10A/RORγt.
Assuntos
Desenho de Fármacos , Membro 3 do Grupo F da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/metabolismo , Pirrolidinas/química , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Cristalografia por Raios X , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Humanos , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Membro 3 do Grupo F da Subfamília 1 de Receptores Nucleares/agonistas , Receptor de Pregnano X/agonistas , Receptor de Pregnano X/metabolismo , Pirrolidinas/síntese química , Pirrolidinas/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
The APJ receptor and its endogenous peptidic ligand apelin have been implicated as important modulators of cardiovascular function, and APJ receptor agonists may be beneficial in the treatment of heart failure. In this article, we describe the discovery of a series of biphenyl acid derivatives as potent APJ receptor agonists. Following the identification of initial high-throughput screen lead 2, successive optimization led to the discovery of lead compound 15a. Compound 15a demonstrated comparable in vitro potency to apelin-13, the endogenous peptidic ligand for the APJ receptor. In vivo, compound 15a demonstrated a dose-dependent improvement in the cardiac output in male Sprague Dawley rats with no significant changes in either mean arterial blood pressure or heart rate, consistent with the hemodynamic profile of apelin-13 in an acute pressure volume loop model.
Assuntos
Receptores de Apelina/agonistas , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/química , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/farmacologia , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia , Animais , Receptores de Apelina/química , Receptores de Apelina/metabolismo , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Células HEK293 , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala/métodos , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/farmacologia , Masculino , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/síntese química , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
This communication highlights the use of chiral sulfinamides as nitrogen nucleophiles in intermolecular aza-Michael reactions. When chiral sulfinamides are coupled to a chloroethyl group, the corresponding novel annulating reagents can be used to streamline the stereoselective synthesis of complex pyrrolidine-containing molecules. As a result, it has enabled a medicinal chemistry campaign for the synthesis of biologically active RORγt inverse agonists.
RESUMO
The four members of the Janus family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases play a significant role in immune function. The JAK family kinase inhibitor, tofacitinib 1, has been approved in the United States for use in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. A number of JAK inhibitors with a variety of JAK family selectivity profiles are currently in clinical trials. Our goal was to identify inhibitors that were functionally selective for JAK1 and JAK3. Compound 22 was prepared with the desired functional selectivity profile, but it suffered from poor absorption related to physical properties. Use of the phosphate prodrug 32 enabled progression to a murine collagen induced arthritis (CIA) model. The demonstration of a robust efficacy in the CIA model suggests that use of phosphate prodrugs may resolve issues with progressing this chemotype for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as RA.
RESUMO
We encountered a dilemma in the course of studying a series of antagonists of the G-protein coupled receptor CC chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2): compounds with polar C3 side chains exhibited good ion channel selectivity but poor oral bioavailability, whereas compounds with lipophilic C3 side chains exhibited good oral bioavailability in preclinical species but poor ion channel selectivity. Attempts to solve this through the direct modulation of physicochemical properties failed. However, the installation of a protonation-dependent conformational switching mechanism resolved the problem because it enabled a highly selective and relatively polar molecule to access a small population of a conformer with lower polar surface area and higher membrane permeability. Optimization of the overall properties in this series yielded the CCR2 antagonist BMS-741672 (7), which embodied properties suitable for study in human clinical trials.
RESUMO
A new phenyl (3-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl)sulfone series of RORγt inverse agonists was discovered utilizing the binding conformation of previously reported bicyclic sulfonamide 1. Through a combination of structure-based design and structure-activity relationship studies, a polar set of amides at N1-position of the pyrrolidine ring and perfluoroisopropyl group at para-position of the 3-phenyl group were identified as critical structural elements to achieve high selectivity against PXR, LXRα, and LXRß. Further optimization led to the discovery of (1R,4r)-4-((R)-3-((4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl)-3-(4-(perfluoropropan-2-yl)phenyl)pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid (26), which displayed excellent selectivity, desirable liability and pharmacokinetic properties in vitro, and a good pharmacokinetic profile in mouse. Oral administration of 26 demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of IL-17 production in a mouse IL-2/IL-23-induced pharmacodynamic model and biologic-like efficacy in an IL-23-induced mouse acanthosis model.
RESUMO
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, is a member of the Tec family of kinases and is essential for B cell receptor (BCR) mediated signaling. BTK also plays a critical role in the downstream signaling pathways for the Fcγ receptor in monocytes, the Fcε receptor in granulocytes, and the RANK receptor in osteoclasts. As a result, pharmacological inhibition of BTK is anticipated to provide an effective strategy for the clinical treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. This article will outline the evolution of our strategy to identify a covalent, irreversible inhibitor of BTK that has the intrinsic potency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties necessary to provide a rapid rate of inactivation systemically following a very low dose. With excellent in vivo efficacy and a very desirable tolerability profile, 5a (branebrutinib, BMS-986195) has advanced into clinical studies.
Assuntos
Tirosina Quinase da Agamaglobulinemia/antagonistas & inibidores , Descoberta de Drogas , Indóis/farmacologia , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Animais , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Indóis/farmacocinética , Indóis/uso terapêutico , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/tratamento farmacológico , Macaca fascicularis , Camundongos , Piperidinas/farmacocinética , Piperidinas/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Endothelial lipase (EL) inhibitors have been shown to elevate HDL-C levels in pre-clinical murine models and have potential benefit in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Modification of the 1-ethyl-3-hydroxy-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-one (DHP) lead, 1, led to the discovery of a series of potent tetrahydropyrimidinedione (THP) EL inhibitors. Synthesis and SAR studies including modification of the amide group, together with changes on the pyrimidinone core led to a series of arylcycloalkyl, indanyl, and tetralinyl substituted 5-amino or 5-hydroxypyrimidinedione-4-carboxamides. Several compounds were advanced to PK evaluation. Among them, compound 4a was one of the most potent with measurable ELHDL hSerum potency and compound 3g demonstrated the best overall pharmacokinetic parameters.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Lipase/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirimidinonas/química , Pirimidinonas/farmacologia , Animais , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/sangue , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Humanos , Lipase/sangue , Lipase/metabolismo , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Pirimidinonas/sangue , Pirimidinonas/síntese química , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
We disclose the optimization of a high throughput screening hit to yield benzothiazine and tetrahydroquinoline sulfonamides as potent RORγt inverse agonists. However, a majority of these compounds showed potent activity against pregnane X receptor (PXR) and modest activity against liver X receptor α (LXRα). Structure-based drug design (SBDD) led to the identification of benzothiazine and tetrahydroquinoline sulfonamide analogs which completely dialed out LXRα activity and were less potent at PXR. Pharmacodynamic (PD) data for compound 35 in an IL-23 induced IL-17 mouse model is discussed along with the implications of a high Ymax in the PXR assay for long term preclinical pharmacokinetic (PK) studies.
Assuntos
Compostos Bicíclicos com Pontes/farmacologia , Desenho de Fármacos , Propanóis/farmacologia , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico/agonistas , Receptores de Esteroides/agonistas , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Animais , Compostos Bicíclicos com Pontes/síntese química , Compostos Bicíclicos com Pontes/química , Cristalografia por Raios X , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Receptores X do Fígado/agonistas , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Receptor de Pregnano X , Propanóis/síntese química , Propanóis/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Sulfonamidas/síntese química , Sulfonamidas/química , Receptor gama de Ácido RetinoicoRESUMO
Endothelial lipase (EL) selectively metabolizes high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. Inhibition of EL has been shown to increase HDL concentration in preclinical animal models and was targeted as a potential treatment of atherosclerosis. We describe the introduction of an α-sulfone moiety to a benzothiazole series of EL inhibitors resulting in increased potency versus EL. Optimization for selectivity versus hepatic lipase and pharmacokinetic properties resulted in the discovery of 24, which showed good in vitro potency and bioavailability but, unexpectedly, did not increase HDL in the mouse pharmacodynamic model at the target plasma exposure.
RESUMO
The purpose of this letter is to document the use of protected chloroethyl and chloropropyl amines as conformationally unrestricted ambiphilic reagents that undergo annulation reactions with Michael acceptors. This reaction is wide in scope and utilizes reagents that are commercially available, inexpensive, and stable. Furthermore, this reaction is easy to execute and proceeds rapidly.