RESUMO
Bombus atratus bumblebees from Colombia that were caught in the wild and from breeding programs were screened for a broad set of bee pathogens. We discovered for the first time Lake Sinai Virus and confirmed the infection by other common viruses. The prevalence of Apicystis bombi, Crithidia bombi and Nosema ceranae was remarkably high. According to other studies the former two could have been co-introduced in South America with exotic bumble bees as Bombus terrestris or Bombus ruderatus. Given the fact that none of these species occur in Colombia, our data puts a new light on the spread of these pathogens over the South American continent.
Assuntos
Abelhas/virologia , Animais , Colômbia , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
El Síndrome de Noonan fue descrito por Noonan y Ehmke en 1963. La incidencia se ha estimado en 1 de 1000 y 1 de 2500 nacimientos vivos.1 El gen se encuentra localizado en el cromosoma 12q22 y se hereda en forma autosómica dominante y tiene una expresividad muy variable. La principal característica incluye estatura baja, defectos cardiacos, dismorfismo facial entre otros. Estatura La severidad de los síntomas varían mucho en estos pacientes. Lo que no siempre es fácil hacer el diagnóstico en los primeros años, y muchas veces son subdiagnosticados, condición que nos motivo a revisar el caso.
Noonan Syndrome is a relative common autosomic dominant congenital disorder, with an incidence between 1:1,000 and 1:2,500 children worldwide. The gen is in 12q22 chromosome. The principal features include short stature, typical facial dysmorphology and congenital heart disease, among others. The range and severity of features can vary greatly in patients with NS, therefore, establishing a diagnose is difficult. The syndrome is not always identified at an early age, and many times misdiagnosed.