Pre-treatment risk factors to predict early cisplatin-related nephrotoxicity in locally advanced head and neck cancer patients treated with chemoradiation: A single Institution experience.

OBJECTIVES: Cisplatin is essential in the curative treatment of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (LA-HNSCC) patients. The assessment of risk factors to predict an early cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity could help in better managing one of the most relevant cisplatin-related dose-limiting factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected data of LA-HNSCC patients treated at our Institution from 2008 to 2019. Patients received cisplatin in a curative setting concurrently with radiation. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) was assessed as a dichotomous variable (CreaIncr) based on pre-treatment values, and values recorded at days 6-20 post-first cycle of cisplatin. Univariable logistic regression models were performed to investigate associations between CreaIncr and clinical characteristics. A multivariable logistic model on a priori selected putative covariates was performed. RESULTS: Of the 350 LA-HNSCC treated patients, 204 were analyzed. Ninety (44 %) suffered from any grade AKI (grade I 51.1 %): out of them, 84.4 % received high-dose cisplatin (100 mg/m2 q21). On the univariable logistic regression model, male sex, age, serum uric acid, creatinine, concomitant drugs, and cisplatin schedule were significantly associated with a higher rate of AKI. At multivariable model, age (p = 0.034), baseline creatinine (p = 0.027), concomitant drugs (p = 0.043), and cisplatin schedule (one-day bolus or fractionated high-dose vs. weekly; p = 0.001) maintained their significant association. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying pre-treatment risk factors in LA-HNSCC patients may improve decision-making in a setting where cisplatin has a curative significance. A strict monitoring of AKI could avoid cisplatin dose adjustments, interruptions, and treatment delays, thus limiting a negative impact on outcomes.

Assessing suffering of patients on cancer treatment and of those no longer treated using ESAS-Total Care (TC).

AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the suffering of patients on oncologic treatment and of those no longer on treatment. Preliminarily, we aimed to confirm the psychometric properties of Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Total Care (ESAS-TC) in different stages of the disease. The ESAS-TC screens physical and psychological symptoms, but also spiritual pain, discomfort deriving from financial problems associated with illness, and suffering related to social isolation. METHODS: A sample of consecutive advanced cancer patients on oncologic therapies treated at the Internistic and Geriatric Supportive Care Unit (IGSCU) of Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, and of terminal patients no longer on treatment and cared for by the Fondazione ANT palliative home care team were asked to fill the ESAS-TC. In order to strengthen the previous validation study of the ESAS-TC, 3-ULS (to assess social isolation), JSWBS (to assess spiritual well-being), COST-IT (to assess financial distress), and KPS (to assess functional status) were administered too. RESULTS: The questionnaires were self-reported by 108 patients on treatment (52% >60 years old, female 53%, and 61% with KPS 90-100) and by 94 home care patients (71% >60 years old, female 51%, and 68% with KPS 10-50). The sound psychometric characteristics of ESAS-TC were confirmed. Patients on treatment showed lower total ESAS-TC score (19.3 vs 52.7, p<.001) after controlling for age and functional status, and lower financial distress (p.<001). Financial distress, spiritual suffering, and social isolation, after controlling for age, showed a significantly higher score in home care patients. CONCLUSIONS: Only through an adequate routine assessment with validated tools is it possible to detect total suffering, the "Total pain" of patients, and treat it through a multidisciplinary approach. The study confirms the reliability and validity of the Italian version of ESAS-TC and the importance of supportive and early palliative care fully integrated with oncological treatment.