A review on textile solid waste management: Disposal and recycling.

Due to global population growth and living standards improvements, textile production and consumption are increased. Textile solid waste has become challenging issue for waste management authority. It is reported that textile materials are discarded daily, representing approximately 1.5% of the generated waste around the world. Over the past few decades, special attention has been given to the used clothes in all regions globally, which can reduce energy costs by 80% and also represent a source of raw materials economically profitable and environmentally responsible. This review article attempted to address different topics including: source of solid textile waste, environmental impact of textile waste as a result of massive consumption of clothing, textile waste management processes such as recycling, reuse of textile waste, landfill and incineration and energy recovery from textile waste. Narrative review with collection of recent quantitative information was carried to reflect the status of textile solid waste. In this article, the possibilities of bio-ethanol production from textile waste as valuable cellulosic raw material are investigated and presented. Results show that developing countries lack of systematic waste management. On another side of the globe, some countries are trying to recover energy these days by incineration. The heat and power that recovered from this process can be used instead of other energy sources. Throughout the incineration process, flue gases (CO2, H2O, O2, N2) are generated so it should be properly designed to avoid pollution. During energy recovery, different pre-treatment methods and different enzymatic hydrolysis parameters are recommended to be implied for better results.

Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum infections after knee arthroplasty: A case report.

RATIONALE: Artificial joint infection caused by Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum is rare and has not been reported. PATIENTS CONCERNS: A 59-year-old man underwent left total knee arthroplasty for 1 year of pain in the left knee joint. The indwelling urinary catheter was removed after 48 hour of the surgery. On day 8 after the surgery, the patient had fever, increased skin temperature, swelling and redness around the surgical site, and floating patella test (+). According to experience, Vancomycin, Ciprofloxacin and Linezolid were administrated. Evident decrease in C-reactive protein was observed after Linezolid administration, while there was no significant improvement in clinical symptoms. Microbiome sequencing was performed, resulting in diagnosis of positive M hominis and U urealyticum. The patient was then treated with Doxycycline in the following 3 months. During the 11-month outpatient follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence of infection. DIAGNOSIS: Microbiome sequencing was performed, resulting in diagnosis of positive M hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. INTERVENTIONS: The patient recovered following with Doxycycline in the following 3 months. OUTCOMES: During the 11-month outpatient follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence of infection. LESSONS: M hominis and U urealyticum are common pathogens of the urinary system infections but they are rare in osteoarticular infections. In cases of fever, swelling and heat pain around the surgical site, joint fluid, negative blood culture and being irresponsive to anti-bacterial agents against the cell wall, special bacteria-related infection should be highly suspected.

The association between plasma gelsolin level and prognosis of burn patients.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the change in plasma gelsolin levels among burn patients, and explore its impact on patient prognosis. METHODS: This prospective cohort study includes 98 burn patients with burns ≥30% TBSA, who were admitted to our institution between January 2010 and June 2013. Patients were grouped according to burn sizes, development and severity of sepsis, and survival from sepsis. The plasma gelsolin levels among different groups were compared by repeated measure ANOVA. The relationship between plasma gelsolin levels and the presence of sepsis and prognosis was examined by logistic regression. RESULTS: The plasma gelsolin levels decreased with increasing burn sizes and increasing sepsis severity, with the lowest gelsolin level observed at 7 days after the burn. The plasma gelsolin concentrations were significantly lower among patients with sepsis than those without (P<0.001), and were lower among those who died after sepsis than those who survived (P<0.001). Logistic regression suggested that plasma gelsolin level was inversely associated with the occurrence of sepsis [OR 0.873 (95%CI 0.693-0.993)] and survival after sepsis [OR 0.939 (95%CI 0.859-0.992)]. DISCUSSION: Plasma gelsolin levels decrease after burn. The level is significantly lower among those with large burns and those with combined sepsis. Plasma gelsolin levels can be used to predict the prognosis of burn patients.