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BACKGROUND: Ductal Adenocarcinoma (DAC) and Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate (IDC-P) respond poorly to all the currently available conventional therapies. Given their accurate and efficient elimination of cancer cells, Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) have become one of the most promising anticancer treatments. However, no ADCs have so far been approved for Prostate Cancer (PCa) treatment. This study investigated TROP-2, HER2, and CD46 expression in DAC/IDC-P samples, indirectly analyzing their preliminary feasibility as therapeutic targets for future treatment of the two conditions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study involving 184 participants (87 DAC/IDC-P patients and 97 Prostatic Acinar Adenocarcinoma (PAC) patients with a Gleason score ≥ 8) without prior treatment between August 2017 and August 2022. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to detect the differential protein expressions of TROP-2, HER2, and CD46 in DAC/IDC-P, PAC, and normal prostate tissues. RESULTS: Compared to pure PAC tissues, TROP-2 expression was significantly higher in DAC/IDC-P and DAC/IDC-P-adjacent PAC tissues (H-score 68.8 vs. 43.8, p < 0.001, and 59.8 vs. 43.8, p = 0.022, respectively). No significant differences in HER2 expression were observed across different cancer tissues. Compared to both DAC/IDC-P-adjacent PAC and pure PAC tissues, CD46 expression was significantly higher in DAC/IDC-P tissues (42.3 vs. 28.6, p = 0.041, and 42.3 vs. 24.3, p = 0.0035, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Herein, TROP-2 and CD46 expression was higher in DAC/IDC-P tissues than in pure PAC and normal prostate tissues. This finding implies that ADCs targeting the two proteins hold significant promise as potential future treatments for DAC/IDC-P.
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Antígenos de Neoplasias , Moléculas de Adesão Celular , Estudos de Viabilidade , Imunoconjugados , Proteína Cofatora de Membrana , Neoplasias da Próstata , Receptor ErbB-2 , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Moléculas de Adesão Celular/metabolismo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Idoso , Imunoconjugados/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antígenos de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Proteína Cofatora de Membrana/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal/patologia , Carcinoma Ductal/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
MicroRNAs are known to play a crucial role in plant development and physiology and become a target for investigating the regulatory mechanism underlying plant low phosphate tolerance. ZmmiR528 has been shown to display significantly different expression levels between wild-type and low Pi-tolerant maize mutants. However, its functional role in maize low Pi tolerance remains unknown. In the present study, we studied the role and underlying molecular mechanism of miR528 in maize with low Pi tolerance. Overexpression of ZmmiR528 in maize resulted in impaired root growth, reduced Pi uptake capacity and compromised resistance to Pi deficiency. By contrast, transgenic maize plants suppressing ZmmiR528 expression showed enhanced low Pi tolerance. Furthermore, ZmLac3 and ZmLac5 which encode laccase were identified and verified as targets of ZmmiR528. ZmLac3 transgenic plants were subsequently generated and were also found to play key roles in regulating maize root growth, Pi uptake and low Pi tolerance. Furthermore, auxin transport was found to be potentially involved in ZmLac3-mediated root growth. Moreover, we conducted genetic complementary analysis through the hybridization of ZmmiR528 and ZmLac3 transgenic plants and found a favorable combination with breeding potential, namely anti-miR528:ZmLac3OE hybrid maize, which exhibited significantly increased low Pi tolerance and markedly alleviated yield loss caused by low Pi stress. Our study has thus identified a ZmmiR528-ZmLac3 module regulating auxin transport and hence root growth, thereby determining Pi uptake and ultimately low Pi tolerance, providing an effective approach for low Pi tolerance improvement through manipulating the expression of miRNA and its target in maize.
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Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , MicroRNAs , Proteínas de Plantas , RNA de Plantas , Zea mays , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Fosfatos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/fisiologia , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , RNA de Plantas/genética , RNA de Plantas/metabolismo , Zea mays/genética , Zea mays/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Zea mays/metabolismo , Zea mays/fisiologiaRESUMO
Estimating the pollution loads in the Tuhai River is essential for developing a water quality standard scheme. This study utilized the improved output coefficient method to estimate the total pollution loads in the river basin while analyzing the influencing factors based on the STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology) model. Findings indicated that the projected point source pollution loads for total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonia nitrogen (AN) would amount to 3937.22 ton, 335,523.25 ton, and 13,946.92 ton in 2021, respectively. Among these, COD pollution would pose the greatest concern. The primary contributors to the pollution loads were rural scattered life, large-scale livestock and poultry breeding, and surface runoff. Per capita GDP emerged as the most influential factor affecting the pollution loads, followed by cultivated land area, while the urbanization rate demonstrated the least impact.
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Monitoramento Ambiental , Fósforo , Rios , China , Rios/química , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Fósforo/análise , Análise da Demanda Biológica de Oxigênio , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Poluição da Água , Nitrogênio/análiseRESUMO
Aim: This comprehensive review aims to explore the potential applications of Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Additionally, the study investigates the role of GRPR in prognostic assessment for individuals afflicted with prostate cancer.Methods: The review encompasses a thorough examination of existing literature and research studies related to the upregulation of GRPR in various tumor types, with a specific focus on prostate. The review also evaluates the utility of GRPR as a molecular target in prostate cancer research, comparing its significance to the well-established Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). The integration of radionuclide-targeted therapy with GRPR antagonists is explored as an innovative therapeutic approach for individuals with prostate cancer.Results: Research findings suggest that GRPR serves as a promising molecular target for visualizing low-grade prostate cancer. Furthermore, it is demonstrated to complement the detection of lesions that may be negative for PSMA. The integration of radionuclide-targeted therapy with GRPR antagonists presents a novel therapeutic paradigm, offering potential benefits for individuals undergoing treatment for prostate cancer.Conclusions: In conclusion, this review highlights the emerging role of GRPR in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, the integration of radionuclide-targeted therapy with GRPR antagonists introduces an innovative therapeutic approach that holds promise for improving outcomes in individuals dealing with prostate cancer. The potential prognostic value of GRPR in assessing the disease's progression adds another dimension to its clinical significance in the realm of urology.
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Neoplasias da Próstata , Receptores da Bombesina , Masculino , Humanos , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Biomarcadores , Regulação para Cima , RadioisótoposRESUMO
Weeding is a key link in agricultural production. Intelligent mechanical weeding is recognized as environmentally friendly, and it profoundly alleviates labor intensity compared with manual hand weeding. While intelligent mechanical weeding can be implemented only when a large number of disciplines are intersected and integrated. This article reviewed two important aspects of intelligent mechanical weeding. The first one was detection technology for crops and weeds. The contact sensors, non-contact sensors and machine vision play pivotal roles in supporting crop detection, which are used for guiding the movements of mechanical weeding executive parts. The second one was mechanical weeding executive part, which include hoes, spring teeth, fingers, brushes, swing and rotational executive parts, these parts were created to adapt to different soil conditions and crop agronomy. It is a fact that intelligent mechanical weeding is not widely applied yet, this review also analyzed the related reasons. We found that compared with the biochemical sprayer, intelligent mechanical weeding has two inevitable limitations: The higher technology cost and lower working efficiency. And some conclusions were commented objectively in the end.
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Phaseolus vulgaris Linn. is a widely cultivated vegetable throughout the world. From spring 2019 to 2022, green mould symptoms were observed on leaves of P. vulgaris in the greenhouse in Liaoning, China, with disease incidence of 8-75% (plants) and 6-23% (leaves). Symptoms appeared as chlorotic lesions covered with dark green mould. The infections started at the apex or margin of the leaves and then spread inward with a characteristic "V" shape. Lesions exhibited curly morphology. 15 leaf samples with typical symptoms were collected from 5 different greenhouses. A total of 75 (5 replicates of each sample) leaf tissues (0.5 cm × 0.5 cm) were selected from the boundary between diseased and healthy parts. These samples were surface sterilized in 0.5% NaClO formin, rinsed 3 times in sterile distilled water and subsequently incubated at 28â on potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with streptomycin (50 µg/ml). Numerous morphologically uniform colonies had been purified, with no other fungi observed. Afterwards, the strains were subcultured on malt extract agar (MEA). Colonies on MEA reached 70 to 80 mm diam after 14 days, smoke-grey to pale olivaceous-grey, woolly, sometimes radially wrinkled. The mycelia were pale olivaceous-grey, with hyphae measuring 1-5 µm wide (n = 20). The conidiophores were solitary or in groups of 2 to 5, and measured 50-280(-350) × 2.5-4 µm (n = 20), with 2-7 septa. The conidiogenous cells exhibited a cylindrical-oblong morphology and measured 10-44 × 5 µm (n = 20), with 0-2 septa, and the loci frequently thickened. The conidia were catenate in densely branched chains, ellipsoid to obovoid, smooth, and measured 2.5-5 × 2-3 µm (n = 50), with 0-4 septa. The morphological characteristics were similar to Cladosporium tenuissimum (Zhang 2003). The representative isolate KZ-19 was selected for molecular identification. The rDNA-ITS, translation elongation factor 1-α and actin genes were amplified, sequenced, and the resulting sequence data were submitted to GenBank (ITS: OQ931048; EF-1α: OQ954495; ACT: OQ954496). The BLAST results exhibited a 99 to 100% similarity with the sequences of C. tenuissimum type strain CBS 125995(ITS: HM148197; EF-1α: HM148442; ACT: HM148687). Furthermore, a multi-locus phylogenetic tree was constructed using the PhyloSuite (v 1. 2. 2) software, which revealed that the strains were most closely related to C. tenuissimum (Zhang et al. 2020). Based on both morphological and molecular characteristics, KZ-19 was finally identified as C. tenuissimum (Bensch 2012). Pathogenicity testing was performed on healthy 1-month-old P. vulgaris plants by inoculating the spore suspension (1×106 conidia/ml) of KZ-19 onto leaf surfaces, while control plants were simulated inoculated with sterile water, and five pots were used for each treatment. The test was performed under field conditions of 16-28°C (temperature) and 24-56% (relative humidity). Chlorotic lesions became evident within 2 days of inoculation, followed by the appearance of green mold on leaves after 7 days. No symptoms were observed in the control group. To fulfill Koch's postulates, the pathogen was re-isolated from three inoculated leaves. The morphological identification of re-isolated pathogens was similar to that of originally isolated pathogens. No infection was observed in non-inoculated control. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. tenuissimum causing green mould on P. vulgaris. As a ubiquitous saprobic hyphomycete, C. tenuissimum has been implicated in leaf mold in Punica granatum and Trifolium repens, larch bud blight, and strawberry blossom blight in previous years (He et al. 1987; Zhang et al. 2003; Zheng et al. 2010; Nam et al. 2015), presenting a potential threat to numerous crops. Therefore, an investigation of its distribution and pathogenic potential is essential in addition to the development of effective disease management strategies.
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Bioavailable transition trace elements, such as soluble iron (Fes) and soluble manganese (Mns) in aerosols, play a crucial role in atmospheric sulfate formation and marine ecosystems. In this study conducted during the spring of 2017 in Qingdao, a coastal city in Northern China, we applied a combined approach of multiple linear regression (MLR) incorporating the results of positive matrix factorization (PMF) to estimate the solubility of Fe and Mn from various sources. PMF analysis showed that dust was the largest contributor to total Fe (FeT) (45.5 %), followed by non-ferrous smelting (20.3 %) and secondary formation processes (17.8 %). However, secondary formation processes (33.2 %), vehicle exhaust (19.3 %) and aqueous-phase processes (19.0 %) were found to be the primary contributors to Fes. For total Mn (MnT) and Mns, dust (21.2 % â¼ 35.0 %), secondary formation processes (20.3 % â¼ 25.6 %) and industry (12.6 % â¼ 16.3 %) were identified as the dominant contributors. The solubilities of Fe and Mn varied significantly depending on their sources. Interestingly, nitrate played a more pronounced role than sulfate in facilitating the dissolution of Fe and Mn during the acid processing due to the high molar ratio of NO3-/2SO42- (1.72 ± 0.54) under the average RH of 56 % ± 15 %. This phenomenon suggested that the acid processing was primarily triggered by nitrate formation due to the low deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) of nitrate. Additionally, we discovered that the catalytic oxidation of SO2 in aerosol water was primarily driven by Fe rather than Mn, serving as a more significant pathway for sulfate formation within a pH range of 2.0 to 4.4. These findings provide valuable insights into the impact of acidification on the dissolution of Fe and Mn under conditions of moderate RH in the real ambient atmosphere with the increasing of NO3-/2SO42- molar ratio.
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Recovery of resources from domestic sewage and food waste has always been an international-thorny problem. Titanium-based flocculation can achieve high-efficient destabilization, quick concentration and separation of organic matter from sewage to sludge. This study proposed co-fermentation of the titanium-flocculated sludge (Ti-loaded sludge) and food waste towards resource recovery by converting organic matter to value-added volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and inorganic matter to struvite and TiO2 nanoparticles. When Ti-loaded sludge and food waste were co-fermented at a mass ratio of 3:1, the VFAs yield reached 3725.2 mg-COD/L (VFAs/SCOD 91.0%), which was more than 4 times higher than the case of the sludge alone. The 48-day semicontinuous co-fermentation demonstrated stable long-term operation, yielding VFAs at 2529.0 mg-COD/L (VFAs/SCOD 89.8%) and achieving a high CODVFAs/NNH4 of 58.9. Food waste provided sufficient organic substrate, enriching plenty of acid-producing fermentation bacteria (such as Prevotella 7 about 21.0% and Bacteroides about 9.4%). Moreover, metagenomic sequencing analysis evidenced the significant increase of the relative gene abundance corresponding to enzymes in pathways, such as extracellular hydrolysis, substrates metabolism, and VFAs biosynthesis. After fermentation, the precious element P (≥ 99.0%) and extra-added element Ti (≥99.0%) retained in fermented residues, without releasing to VFAs supernatant, which facilitated the direct re-use of VFAs as resource. Through simple and commonly used calcination and acid leaching methodologies, 80.9% of element P and 82.1% of element Ti could be successfully recovered as struvite and TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively. This research provides a strategy for the co-utilization of domestic sludge and food waste, which can realize both reduction of sludge and recovery of resources.
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Eliminação de Resíduos , Purificação da Água , Fermentação , Esgotos/química , Perda e Desperdício de Alimentos , Titânio , Estruvita , Alimentos , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
ABSTRACT: A 54-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of urination disturbances. Serum prostate-specific antigen level was 4.96 ng/mL, and a possibility of benign prostate hyperplasia was raised by outside medical CT. Histopathology revealed adenosquamous carcinoma. Staging workup showed large areas of high PSMA uptake and focal intense hypermetabolism in the prostate, multiple lymphatics, bone, and pulmonary heterogenic metastases on 68 Ga-PSMA and 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging.
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Carcinoma Adenoescamoso , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Próstata/patologia , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Adenoescamoso/patologiaRESUMO
This article develops continuous and periodic event-triggered sliding-mode control (SMC) algorithms for path following of underactuated surface vehicles (USVs). Based on the SMC technology, a continuous path-following control law is designed. The upper bounds of quasi-sliding modes for path following of USVs are established for the first time. Subsequently, both continuous and periodic event-triggered mechanisms are considered and added into the proposed continuous SMC scheme. It is demonstrated that with appropriate selecting of control parameters, the use of hyperbolic tangent functions does not affect the boundary layer of quasi-sliding mode caused by event-triggered mechanisms. The proposed continuous and periodic event-triggered SMC strategies can make the sliding variables reach the quasi-sliding modes and stay in there. Moreover, energy consumption can be reduced. Stability analysis shows that the USV can follow a reference path by using the designed method. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control methods.
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OBJECTIVES: To investigate [18F]FDG PET patterns of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) patients with distinct pathologic types and provide possible guidance for predicting long-term prognoses of patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of MTLE patients who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy between 2016 and 2021. Patients were classified as having chronic inflammation and gliosis (gliosis, n = 44), hippocampal sclerosis (HS, n = 43), or focal cortical dysplasia plus HS (FCD-HS, n = 13) based on the postoperative pathological diagnosis. Metabolic patterns and the severity of metabolic abnormalities were investigated among MTLE patients and healthy controls (HCs). The standardized uptake value (SUV), SUV ratio (SUVr), and asymmetry index (AI) of regions of interest were applied to evaluate the severity of metabolic abnormalities. Imaging processing was performed with statistical parametric mapping (SPM12). RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 2.8 years, the seizure freedom (Engel class IA) rates of gliosis, HS, and FCD-HS were 54.55%, 62.79%, and 69.23%, respectively. The patients in the gliosis group presented a metabolic pattern with a larger involvement of extratemporal areas, including the ipsilateral insula. SUV, SUVr, and AI in ROIs were decreased for patients in all three MTLE groups compared with those of HCs, but the differences among all three MTLE groups were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: MTLE patients with isolated gliosis had the worst prognosis and hypometabolism in the insula, but the degree of metabolic decrease did not differ from the other two groups. Hypometabolic regions should be prioritized for [18F]FDG PET presurgical evaluation rather than [18F]FDG uptake values. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: This study proposes guidance for optimizing the operation scheme in patients with refractory MTLE and emphasizes the potential of molecular neuroimaging with PET using selected tracers to predict the postsurgical histology of patients with refractory MTLE epilepsy. KEY POINTS: ⢠MTLE patients with gliosis had poor surgical outcomes and showed a distinct pattern of decreased metabolism in the ipsilateral insula. ⢠In the preoperative assessment of MTLE, it is recommended to prioritize the evaluation of glucose hypometabolism areas over [18F]FDG uptake values. ⢠The degree of glucose hypometabolism in the epileptogenic focus was not associated with the surgical outcomes of MTLE.
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Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal , Humanos , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagem , Epilepsia do Lobo Temporal/cirurgia , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Gliose/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Glucose , Imageamento por Ressonância MagnéticaRESUMO
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most prevalent urological carcinomas with a low overall 5-year survival rate, and its prognosis remains dismal. circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been discovered to be important regulators in ccRCC. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs and their impact on phenotypes require further in-depth research. circRNA microarray sequencing analysis was used in this study to explore the expression pattern of circRNAs in ccRCC. circWSB1 was discovered, and we evaluated its derivation, potential diagnostic efficacy, and prognostic significance in ccRCC tissues. We discovered that circWSB1 is highly expressed in ccRCC. We identified that circWSB1 interacts with miR-182-5p and upregulates the expression of its host gene, WSB1. Through models in vivo and in vitro models, we found that circWSB1 increases WSB1 expression via the circWSB1/miR-182-5p/WSB1 axis, which promotes ccRCC cell proliferation and migration. The high expression of circWSB1 and WSB1 is correlated with poorer clinical prognosis and pathological grading. circWSB1 diminishes the inhibitory impact of miR-182-5p on WSB1 and increases WSB1 expression, thereafter promoting ccRCC development. Our findings provide a promising predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , MicroRNAs , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Renais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Renais/genética , Neoplasias Renais/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , RNA Circular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismoRESUMO
pH-responsive intelligent films for food freshness monitoring have attracted great attentions recently. In this study, several intelligent films based on chitosan (CS), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and grape skin anthocyanin (GSA) were prepared, and the effect of film-forming solution pH on the properties of intelligent films was investigated. The results of SEM, FTIR, XRD and TGA displayed that the hydrogen bond between CS and GSA was strong at strong acidic conditions (2.0-2.5), and it weakened at weak acidic conditions (3.0-4.5). Meanwhile, the hydrogen bond between PVA and GSA was negligible under strong acidic conditions, and it appeared under weak acidic conditions. Consequently, the films fabricated under weak acidic conditions displayed lower water solubility, lower water vapor permeability, and higher elongation at break. The tensile strength of films increased firstly and subsequently decreased with pH increasing, reaching a maximum value of 31.44 MPa at pH 3.5. Additionally, the films prepared at pH 2.5 and 4.0 showed the best color responsiveness to ammonia and acetic acid, respectively. Overall, the intelligent films prepared under variant pH have the potential to realize the goal of monitoring the freshness of different types of food, thereby expanding the application subject of anthocyanins-based intelligent films.
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Quitosana , Vitis , Ácido Acético , Antocianinas , Amônia , Álcool de Polivinil , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Embalagem de AlimentosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Both Ductal Adenocarcinoma (DAC) and Intraductal Carcinoma (IDC) of the prostate are generally associated with aggressive clinical behavior and poor prognosis, which were linked with discordant FDG positivity and low Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) expression. A recent study only cited a DAC patient with low 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT uptake but high 18F-FDG PET/CT uptake, however, there is lack of directly compared articles nor large data sets. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the expression of PSMA and GLUT1 in DAC and IDC-P patients. METHODS: The study was conducted on 87 DAC or/and IDC-P patients without any treatment and 97 PAC patients with a Gleason score ≥8 of prostate biopsies and prostatectomy samples between August 2017 and August 2022. We performed immunohistochemical staining and scoring of various cancer component samples from the patients to reflect the protein expression levels of PSMA and GLUT1. RESULTS: PSMA expression in PAC was significantly higher than in DAC/IDC-P (141.2 vs 78.6, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in PSMA expression between DAC/IDC-P and adjacent PAC (78.6 vs 93.4, p = 0.166). GLUT1 expression was higher in DAC/IDC-P than in adjacent PAC (68.6 vs 51.3, p = 0.007), but was still lower than that in pure PAC (68.6 vs 93.1, p = 0.0014). It is worth noting that GLUT1 membrane expression in DAC/IDC-P was significantly increased than in pure PAC (13.0 vs 6.6, p = 0.025), and in PAC adjacent to DAC/IDC-P (13.0 vs 2.0, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In DAC/IDC-P tissues, PSMA expression is low, while GLUT1 expression, especially GLUT1 membrane expression is high. These findings imply that DAC/IDC-P may have higher glucose metabolic and raise interest in targeting membrane GLUT1 as a novel anticancer strategy for DAC/IDC-P and other prostate cancer with high glucose metabolism.
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PURPOSE: Radical prostatectomy is one of the primary treatments for localized clinically significant prostate cancer. Generally, its application is based on prior biopsy. PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen)-PET (positron emission tomography) is considered promising in biopsy-free radical prostatectomy. The expression of PSMA in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue and corresponding positive reaction are crucial concerns for a no-biopsy strategy. Currently, no study has explored the benign prostatic hyperplasia-related false-positive of PSMA-PET in the detection of prostate cancer. Furthermore, the influence of maximum standardized uptake value and Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System on biopsy-free radical prostatectomy is also poorly characterized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who received PSMA-PET because of clinical suspicion of prostate cancer and were confirmed to have benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer. The receiver operating characteristic curve was generated for maximum standardized uptake value. Results of interest were the false-positive rate of PSMA-PET and the efficacy of maximum standardized uptake value or multiparametric MRI in excluding false-positives. RESULTS: The benign prostatic hyperplasia-related false-positive rate of PSMA-PET in detecting prostate cancer was 30%. Maximum standardized uptake value could effectively exclude benign prostatic hyperplasia and Grade Group 1 patients with an area under the curve of 0.86; the optimal maximum standardized uptake value cutoff value with 100% specificity was 15, with a sensitivity of 41%. Notably, the sensitivity and specificity of stringent PET score and Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System criteria (both ≥4) in diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer were 49% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings revealed benign prostatic hyperplasia-related false-positive rate of PSMA-PET and provided a preliminary reference in biopsy-free radical prostatectomy.
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Hiperplasia Prostática , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Próstata/cirurgia , Próstata/metabolismo , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico por imagem , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Radioisótopos de Gálio , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Prostatectomia , BiópsiaRESUMO
Background: There are some limitations in the commonly used methods for the detection of prostate cancer. There is a lack of nomograms based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for the prediction of prostate cancer. The study seeks to compare the performance of mpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT, and design a novel predictive model capable of predicting clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) before biopsy based on a combination of 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT, mpMRI, and patient clinical parameters. Methods: From September 2020 to June 2021, we prospectively enrolled 112 consecutive patients with no prior history of prostate cancer who underwent both 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT and mpMRI prior to biopsy at our clinical center. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify predictors of csPCa, with a predictive model and its nomogram incorporating 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT, mpMRI, and the clinical predictors then being generated. The constructed model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis, and further validated with the internal and external cohorts. Results: The model incorporated prostate-specific antigen density (PSAd), Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) category, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and it exhibited excellent predictive efficacy when applying to evaluate both training and validation cohorts [area under the curve (AUC): 0.936 and 0.940, respectively]. Compared with SUVmax alone, the model demonstrated excellent diagnostic performance with improved specificity (0.910, 95% CI: 0.824-0.963) and positive predictive values (0.811, 95% CI: 0.648-0.920). Calibration curve and decision curve analysis further confirmed that the model exhibited a high degree of clinical net benefit and low error rate. Conclusions: The constructed model in this study was capable of accurately predicting csPCa prior to biopsy with excellent discriminative ability. As such, this model has the potential to be an effective non-invasive approach for the diagnosis of csPCa.
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Dipeptidase 2 (DPEP2) is a dipeptidyl peptidase that plays an important role in the hydrolysis of leukotriene D4 (LTD4) to leukotriene E4 (LTE4). Previous studies have suggested that LTD4 promotes tumor progression and survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, we hypothesized that DPEP2 may play a pivotal role in this tumor. Given that lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of NSCLC, our study aimed to examine the expression and function of DPEP2 in LUAD. Based on bioinformatics and the analysis of clinical samples, our findings revealed that DPEP2 is highly expressed in normal lung tissues, but downregulated in LUAD tissues, and its expression levels were significantly associated with clinical indicators of tumor grade and prognosis. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that DPEP2 is involved in biological processes such as chemokine signaling pathways, leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, and humoral immune responses in LUAD. In addition, DPEP2 expression was significantly associated with various immune cells, especially monocytes-macrophages. Single-cell transcriptome data further confirmed the expression of DPEP2 dominantly in macrophages from normal lung tissues. Analysis of the TCIA database revealed that high DPEP2 expression is associated with a stronger response to immune checkpoint inhibitors such as CTLA4 and PD1, and determines sensitivity to LUAD therapeutic agents. Furthermore, we found that DPEP2 inhibits the migration and invasion of LUAD cells. Therefore, DPEP2 may serve as a potential immune biomarker and therapeutic target for LUAD, providing novel therapeutic approaches for this disease.
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Dielectric meta-surfaces have emerged as an effective way for fabricating chiral optical devices, and the chiral meta-surfaces are usually constituted by periodic chiral meta-atom structures. Here, we report a chiral meta-surface consisting of nonchiral silicon nitride rectangular nanorods. The chiral hotspots are generated between the staggered nanorods due to the coupling between the two nearest neighbor nanorod units. 14.6% macroscopic circular dichroism (CD) is achieved experimentally with larger area staggered nanorods. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that the wavelength tuning capability of this design from 696 to 820 nm by simply modulating the overlap length of nanorods. Our work highlights the mechanisms for CD hotspot generation without complex chiral units, which paves a novel way for future on-chip photon-spin selective devices.