Somatic coliphages as bioindicators of contamination in Lake Guamuez, Colombia.

Lake Guamuez is the second largest lake in Colombia and economically supports hundreds of families in the area. The main activities carried out in the region have focused on tourism, agriculture, livestock, and rainbow trout production; however, these activities have been associated with contamination of the lake. This research aimed to evaluate the water quality of Lake Guamuez using somatic coliphages (SCs) as bioindicators. For this purpose, periodic sampling was carried out for six months at 9 strategic points of the lake. For the detection of SCs, the method described in 9211 D of the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater was used. The genomic variability and presence of virulence genes in the isolated SCs were determined. Water contamination in the lake is evident, and the SCs titer is greater in areas with a high flow of anthropogenic activities. An important degree of genetic diversity and a high prevalence of virulence genes could be observed among the SCs analyzed. The results when compared with guidelines and water quality standards from various countries, showed concentrations of SCs higher than those allowed. The high prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases in the region suggests a link to water contamination.

Mice with Lymphatic Dysfunction Develop Pathogenic Lung Tertiary Lymphoid Organs that Model an Autoimmune Emphysema Phenotype of COPD.

We have previously shown that mice with loss of C-type lectin-like type II (CLEC2), which have lymphatic dysfunction due to the role of CLEC2 in platelets for maintaining separation between the venous and lymphatic system, develop lung tertiary lymphoid organ (TLO) formation and lung injury that resembles an emphysema phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We now sought to investigate whether and how TLOs in these mice may play a pathogenic role in lung injury that is relevant to human disease. We found that inhibiting TLO formation using an anti-CD20 antibody in CLEC2-deficient mice partially blocked the development of emphysema. TLOs in CLEC2-deficient mice were rich in plasma cells and were a source of a broad array of autoantibodies. Chronic cigarette smoke exposure increased the size and number of lung TLOs in CLEC2-deficient mice, and was associated with increased markers of antigen presentation and maturation, leading to increased autoantibody deposition. Using lung tissue from COPD patients, we found an increase in lymphatic markers in patients with an emphysema phenotype and autoreactive TLOs compared to COPD patients without emphysema that lack prominent TLOs. Taken together, these results demonstrate that emphysema in mice with lymphatic dysfunction can be partially rescued by blocking TLO formation, and that these TLOs are source of autoantibodies that are exacerbated by cigarette smoke. Our work suggests that lymphatic dysfunction in mice may recapitulate some aspects an autoimmune emphysema phenotype that is seen in a subset of patients with COPD.

Facilitators and barriers to perform physical activity in patients post-heart transplantation: a qualitative study.

AIM: Most patients experience barriers for becoming physical active post-heart transplantation. Therefore, identifying barriers and facilitators can help healthcare professionals in developing physical activity programs. This study aimed to explore the physical activity experiences, perceived barriers, and facilitators to perform physical activity of patients' post-heart transplantation. METHODS AND RESULTS: A qualitative study was carried out using in-depth semi-structured interviews on 24 patients post-heart transplantation from October to December 2022. The data were analyzed using an inductive strategy for finding emerging themes. NVivo 12.0 software was used to analyze the data. The physical activity experiences included that (1) patients felt that they had to adapt to a new situation after the heart transplantation, (2) walking was a popular physical activity preferably outdoors, (3) participants preferred to perform physical activity regularly with others, and (4) they felt better since they perform physical activity. The facilitators were: (1) Desire to live; (2) Experiencing physical benefits; (3) Being physically active with others; (4) Use of mobility assistive devices resources. The barriers were: (1) Feeling not being able to perform former physical activity; (2) Complications and experiencing symptoms post-heart transplantation; (3) Unfavourable climate. CONCLUSIONS: Patients post-heart transplantation have various facilitators influencing their post-transplant experience to perform physical activity. Key facilitators include the desire to live, physical benefits, social activity, and external support. Yet, they also face barriers like lost abilities, post-transplant complications, and environmental challenges.

Use of Bacterial Toxin-Antitoxin Systems as Biotechnological Tools in Plants.

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems in bacteria are key regulators of the cell cycle and can activate a death response under stress conditions. Like other bacterial elements, TA modules have been widely exploited for biotechnological purposes in diverse applications, such as molecular cloning and anti-cancer therapies. However, their use in plants has been limited, leaving room for the development of new approaches. In this study, we examined two TA systems previously tested in plants, MazEF and YefM-YoeB, and identified interesting differences between them, likely related to their modes of action. We engineered modifications to these specific modules to transform them into molecular switches that can be activated by a protease, inducing necrosis in the plant cells where they are expressed. Finally, we demonstrated the antiviral potential of the modified TA modules by using, as a proof-of-concept, the potyvirus plum pox virus as an activator of the death phenotype.

Has the cat got your tongue, or is something obstructing your throat? A review of imaging of ingested and aspirated foreign bodies in the paediatric population.

Children frequently swallow or inhale foreign objects, a situation that can be life-threatening. Radiographic imaging plays a lead role in the early identification and location of inhaled or swallowed objects is essential. Promptly identifying and locating inhaled or swallowed objects are essential, as some items require immediate removal. For example, button batteries in the throat can cause grave harm; magnets can attract each other through the gut and cause perforations; and other objects can obstruct the airway or intestinal tract. Radiologists must understand how these objects appear in images to assist doctors in treating patients effectively. Recognising signs of inhaled objects on radiographs is also crucial, as symptoms may not always be clear, and many inhaled objects are not visible on radiographs. Radiographs are the primary means of checking for swallowed or inhaled objects, although other tests like fluoroscopy and computed tomography may be used in complex cases. Doctors working with children should be acquainted with the appearance of these common objects on images and their clinical importance.

Azotobacter vinelandii scaffold protein NifU transfers iron to NifQ as part of the iron-molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis pathway for nitrogenase.

The Azotobacter vinelandii molybdenum nitrogenase obtains molybdenum from NifQ, a monomeric iron-sulfur molybdoprotein. This protein requires an existing [Fe-S] cluster to form a [Mo-Fe3-S4] group, which acts as specific molybdenum donor during nitrogenase FeMo-co biosynthesis. Here, we show biochemical evidence supporting the role of NifU as the [Fe-S] cluster donor. Protein-protein interaction studies involving apo-NifQ and as-isolated NifU demonstrated their interaction, which was only effective when NifQ lacked its [Fe-S] cluster. Incubation of apo-NifQ with [Fe4-S4]-loaded NifU increased the iron content of the former, contingent to both proteins being able to interact with one another. As a result of this interaction, a [Fe4-S4] cluster was transferred from NifU to NifQ. In A. vinelandii , NifQ was preferentially metalated by NifU rather than by the [Fe-S] cluster scaffold protein IscU. These results indicate the necessity of co-expressing NifU and NifQ to efficiently provide molybdenum for FeMo-co biosynthesis when engineering nitrogenase in plants.

Comparison of the Stability of a Camu Camu Extract Dried and Encapsulated by Means of High-Throughput Electrospraying Assisted by Pressurized Gas.

This study explores the impact on the stability of drying and the encapsulation of a camu camu extract (CCX) using the non-thermal, high-throughput electrospraying assisted by pressurized gas (EAPG) technique. The dried and encapsulated products by the EAPG processing techniques were compared in terms of total soluble phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and storage stability. Whey protein concentrate (WPC) and zein (ZN) were selected as the protective excipients for encapsulation. Dried and encapsulated products were obtained in the form of microparticles, which were smaller and more spherical in the case of the encapsulates. No significant differences were observed in the total polyphenolic content (TSP), and only relatively small differences in the antioxidant capacity were measured among samples. The generated products were subjected to various storage conditions to assess their stability and the preservation of the TSP and the antioxidant properties, i.e., 0% relative humidity (RH) and 4 °C; 0% RH and 21 °C; 23% RH and 21 °C; 56% RH and 21 °C; and UV light exposure. The results indicated that ZN encapsulation notably enhanced the retention of total soluble polyphenols and the antioxidant activity compared to WPC and dried CCX, especially in the ratio of 2:1 (encapsulating polymer: dried CCX). This study demonstrates the potential of protein-based encapsulation, particularly using ZN, for stabilizing bioactive compounds against degradation mechanisms induced by humidity, temperature, or ultraviolet radiation exposure.

Highlighting the adsorption mechanism of a fluoroquinolone antibiotic from wastewater on carbon xerogel by experiments, characterization, modelling and DFT simulation.

The application of a synthesized carbon xerogel (RFX) for the adsorptive removal from water of ciprofloxacin (CPX), a widely used fluoroquinolones-group antibiotic for humans and animals, has been reported in this work. The carbon xerogel was characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, TPD studies, elemental analysis, determination of isoelectric point (pHIEP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). CPX adsorption experiments were conducted in batch mode, using results obtained with F400 commercial activated carbon for comparison purposes. CPX adsorption kinetics were well-described by the pseudo-second-order model for both adsorbents and by the Elovich model in the case of F400 activated carbon. Therefore, CPX equilibrium adsorption capacity values were of 457 and 72 mg g-1 for RFX xerogel and F400 activated carbon, respectively. This significant difference can be attributed to the higher specific surface area and micropores volume values of F400 carbon; in this sense, this material led to a slower CPX kinetic adsorption. Also, the Dual-site Langmuir model best-described the experimental CPX adsorption isotherms in both cases. By the adsorption studies at different solution pH, it could be concluded that several mechanisms, e.g., hydrophobic and π-π interactions, and electrostatic forces highly influenced CPX adsorption capacity. Furthermore, adsorption tests using several environmentally relevant aqueous matrices have been accomplished. In this case, a competitive effect between the natural organic matter (NOM) and the target pollutant occurred in all the tested real matrices, decreasing CPX adsorption capacity, especially remarkable for F400 activated carbon. Finally, Density Functional Theory (DFT) has been used to elucidate the interactions between CPX and adsorbents, finding a high relevance of the π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions in which CPX acts as an acceptor.

Hepatic steatosis-insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in people with HIV at diagnosis: effect of initial antiretroviral therapy.

We evaluated the impact of hepatic steatosis-insulin resistance (HS-IR) and liver fibrosis (LF) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) using triglyceride-glucose (TyG) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4). The incidence of DM2 was 12.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), 16.9-9.7] and 9.8 (95% CI, 6.9-13.6) per 1000 person-years in HS-IR and LF. The prevalence of HS-IR was significantly lower at 12 and 24 months with TDF + (3TC or FTC) + RPV [hazard ratio (HR) 0.5 [95% CI, 0.3-0.8], P < 0.01 at 12 months; 0.6 [0.4-0.9], P = 0.01 at 24 months].

Reconstruction of bone defects around the ankle with retrograde gentamicin-coated tibial intramedullary nail (ETN PROtect™) for tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis: a case series.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to describe the use of retrograde gentamicin-coated tibial intramedullary nail (ETN PROtect™) in patients with tibial defects who required a tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis (TTC). METHODS: Consecutive series case review of seven men treated with TTC using retrograde PROtect™ between January 2018 and December 2023. The main outcomes evaluated were fracture union, complications, and the health-related quality of life using the EuroQol five-dimension three-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L). RESULTS: The mean age was 45.3 ± 8.0 years. Six patients had a clinical history of chronic osteomyelitis, and one case underwent TTC for congenital pseudoarthrosis. Fracture union was achieved in 5 of 7 patients between 4 and 11 months after surgery. Three patients developed complications; two patients had fistulas, and one had persistent pain. At the end of the follow-up, a median of 70 points (interquartile range: 60 to 90) on the EQ-5D-3L was reported. No complications directly attributed to the use of the PROtect™ were reported. CONCLUSION: TTC with retrograde PROtect™ is a prophylactic treatment option in patients with tibial defects treated with external fixation requiring a tibiotalar and subtalar arthrodesis. This novel use of PROtect™ allows simultaneous fixation of the tibiotalocalcaneal joint and protection of the regenerated bone, facilitating earlier rehabilitation in patients at high risk for postoperative infections.

A step further: Antibiotic stewardship programme in home hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the adequacy of empirical antibiotic prescription and the duration of antibiotic therapy for infected patients admitted for conventional hospitalization (CH) and Hospitalization at Home (HaH) after implementation of an antibiotic stewardship programs (ASP) in HaH. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PATIENTS: Patients admitted for infection to Emergency Department between October and December 2023. "CH-ASP cohort" was admitted to CH with ASP intervention, "CH cohort" was admitted to CH without ASP intervention, "HaH cohort" was admitted to HaH (integrated daily ASP intervention). RESULTS: Ninety-one patients were analyzed in CH-ASP, 60 in CH, and 101 in HaH. The ASP made recommendations on empirical antibiotic therapy for 175 patients (92 %) with a 98 % acceptance rate. For 111 patients (44 %) the ASP made recommendations on antibiotic duration (24 % CH-ASP vs 89 % HaH, p < 0.001), with a 73 % acceptance rate (41 % CH-ASP vs 81 % HaH, p < 0.001). Empirical antibiotic adequacy was 94 % (93 % CH-ASP vs 87 % CH vs 100 % HaH, p = 0.006). Median duration of antibiotic therapy was nine days in CH-ASP and CH vs seven in HaH (p < 0.001). There were no differences in mortality and readmissions. In the multivariate analysis, patients in CH-ASP and CH had total duration of antibiotic therapy of 2.2 (95 % CI: 0.2-4.2) and 3 days more (95 % CI: 0.8-5.3) respectively as compared to HaH. CONCLUSIONS: ASP improves empirical antibiotic adequacy in patients admitted for infection. ASP in HaH, because of high acceptance of intervention regarding antibiotic duration, achieves shorter treatment durations without increased mortality or readmission.

Methylmalonic acid induces metabolic abnormalities and exhaustion in CD8+ T cells to suppress anti-tumor immunity.

Systemic levels of methylmalonic acid (MMA), a byproduct of propionate metabolism, increase with age and MMA promotes tumor progression via its direct effects in tumor cells. However, the role of MMA in modulating the tumor ecosystem remains to be investigated. The proliferation and function of CD8+ T cells, key anti-tumor immune cells, declines with age and in conditions of vitamin B12 deficiency, which are the two most well-established conditions that lead to increased systemic levels of MMA. Thus, we hypothesized that increased circulatory levels of MMA would lead to a suppression of CD8+ T cell immunity. Treatment of primary CD8+ T cells with MMA induced a dysfunctional phenotype characterized by robust immunosuppressive transcriptional reprogramming and marked increases in the expression of the exhaustion regulator, TOX. Accordingly, MMA treatment upregulated exhaustion markers in CD8+ T cells and decreased their effector functions, which drove the suppression of anti-tumor immunity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MMA-induced CD8+ T cell exhaustion was associated with a suppression of NADH-regenerating reactions in the TCA cycle and concomitant defects in mitochondrial function. Thus, MMA has immunomodulatory roles, thereby highlighting MMA as an important link between aging, immune dysfunction, and cancer.

Caring for people with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic:a systematic review.

Human history has been linked to numerous risks to survival, with pandemics being a constant in human life. People suffering from dementia experienced greater difficulties accessing healthcare and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To identify how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced care for people with dementia or cognitive impairment. Methods: This research work is a systematic review conducted with a literature search in four databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCOHost, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest, following the methodological proposals of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guide. Results: The bibliographic research in the different databases offered a total of 561 records, of which 23 were chosen to elaborate the results. The main results were the increasing cognitive impairment and psychosocial consequences of social distancing during the pandemic, including sadness, helplessness, and abandonment in patients or feelings of burnout and overload in caregivers and health professionals. Conclusion: The COVID-19 placed patients with dementia in the background. During the pandemic, attention was focused primarily on emergencies and not so much on the monitoring of chronic diseases, which also caused psycho-emotional and social worsening.

A história da humanidade tem sido associada a inúmeros riscos à sobrevivência, sendo as pandemias uma constante na vida humana. As pessoas que sofrem de demência tiveram mais dificuldades de acesso a cuidados e tratamentos de saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Objetivo: Identificar como a pandemia de COVID-19 influenciou o atendimento a pessoas com demência ou comprometimento cognitivo. Métodos: Este trabalho de pesquisa é uma revisão sistemática realizada com uma pesquisa bibliográfica em quatro bases de dados, como Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCOHost, Cochrane Library e ProQuest, seguindo as propostas metodológicas do guia Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Resultados: A pesquisa bibliográfica nos diferentes bancos de dados ofereceu um total de 561 registros, dos quais 23 foram escolhidos para a elaboração dos resultados. Os principais resultados foram o aumento do comprometimento cognitivo e as consequências psicossociais do distanciamento social durante a pandemia, incluindo tristeza, desamparo e abandono para os pacientes ou sentimentos de esgotamento e sobrecarga para os cuidadores e profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: A COVID-19 fez com que os pacientes com demência ficassem em segundo plano. Durante a pandemia, a atenção se concentrou principalmente nas emergências e não tanto no monitoramento de doenças crônicas, o que também provocou uma piora psicoemocional e social.

Exploring the Impact of Fasting and Fasting-Mimicking Diets on Type 2 Diabetes Management in Adults: A Systematic Review.

Type 2 diabetes poses significant global health challenges, affecting both the quality of life and healthcare systems. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of fasting and fasting-mimicking diets (FMD) in managing type 2 diabetes, with a focus on their effects on glycemic control, lipid profiles, and overall metabolic health in adult patients. A comprehensive search of PubMed and Cochrane Library databases identified several studies utilizing various fasting protocols, including intermittent fasting and FMD. Data synthesis and bias assessment were conducted using established methodologies, including the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. The review found that fasting interventions significantly improve glycemic control and reduce body weight, with some protocols notably lowering HbA1c levels (p<0.05), highlighting the strong potential of fasting in diabetes management. However, the results varied, suggesting that individual differences in metabolic responses and adherence levels influence outcomes. In conclusion, while fasting and FMD show promise for improving metabolic health and managing diabetes, more standardized research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms, optimize protocols, and confirm long-term benefits. Future research should prioritize larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods to inform comprehensive clinical practice guidelines.

Comparison of SF-36 and RAND-36 in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Reliability Study.

Background/Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Health-related quality of life is crucial to assess the impact of cardiovascular diseases and to guide therapeutic strategies. The Short Form 36 Health Survey and the RAND 36-Item Health Survey questionnaires are common tools for measuring health-related quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease, but their reliability may vary according to the population studied. The aim of this study is to compare the reliability of the SF-36 and the RAND-36 in a population with cardiac pathology, addressing the question of which of these instruments offers a more consistent and useful measurement in this specific group. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the University Hospital of Burgos (Spain). A total of 413 patients with cardiovascular pathology referred to the Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit were included. Patients with incomplete data or who did not participate in the program were excluded. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), item-total correlation and reliability, and a half-and-half analysis were performed. Results: Both questionnaires showed similar and adequate reliability for patients with cardiovascular pathology. Internal consistency, as measured with Cronbach's alpha, was above 0.80 for most dimensions, supporting its robustness. Significant inter-item and inter-dimension correlations were found in both scales, except in some specific cases in the dimension 'Physical Functioning'. The half-and-half analysis confirmed the good reliability of both scales. Conclusions: Both the SF-36 and the RAND-36 are highly reliable tools for assessing health-related quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease. The results may have significant implications for clinical practice, helping in the selection of health-related quality of life monitoring instruments and in the evaluation of the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.

Nonrelativistic Holography from AdS_{5}/CFT_{4}.

We show that a novel holographic correspondence appears after taking a suitable stringy nonrelativistic limit of the AdS_{5}/CFT_{4} duality. This correspondence relates string theory in string Newton-Cartan AdS_{5}×S^{5} with Galilean electrodynamics with five scalars defined on the Penrose conformal boundary. As a first test, we match the Killing vectors on the string theory side with the on-shell symmetries of the dual field theory.

Rational Design of Dual-Domain Binding Inhibitors for N-Acetylgalactosamine Transferase 2 with Improved Selectivity over the T1 and T3 Isoforms.

The GalNAc-transferase (GalNAc-T) family, consisting of 20 isoenzymes, regulates the O-glycosylation process of mucin glycopeptides by transferring GalNAc units to serine/threonine residues. Dysregulation of specific GalNAc-Ts is associated with various diseases, making these enzymes attractive targets for drug development. The development of inhibitors is key to understanding the implications of GalNAc-Ts in human diseases. However, developing selective inhibitors for individual GalNAc-Ts represents a major challenge due to shared structural similarities among the isoenzymes and some degree of redundancy among the natural substrates. Herein, we report the development of a GalNAc-T2 inhibitor with higher potency compared to those of the T1 and T3 isoforms. The most promising candidate features bivalent GalNAc and thiophene moieties on a peptide chain, enabling binding to both the lectin and catalytic domains of the enzyme. The binding mode was confirmed by competitive saturation transfer difference NMR experiments and validated through molecular dynamics simulations. The inhibitor demonstrated an IC50 of 21.4 µM for GalNAc-T2, with 8- and 32-fold higher selectivity over the T3 and T1 isoforms, respectively, representing a significant step forward in the synthesis of specific GalNAc-T inhibitors tailored to the unique structural features of the targeted isoform.

Serological Outcome in the First Months of Life of Children Born to Mothers with SARS-CoV-2 Infection during Pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to analyze the transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, their persistence in newborns, the factors that may influence this transmission, and the protection these antibodies confer over time. METHODS: This prospective cohort was conducted in a tertiary pediatric hospital in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region, Spain. It included neonates born to mothers who had SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy or delivery between August 2020 and January 2022. We followed the recruited children for at least six months, and blood tests were performed to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. RESULTS: A total of 101 children were recruited. Among the serologies performed on children under three months of age, 44/82 were positive (53.7%). Newborns whose mothers presented more severe disease exhibited higher seropositivity odds (coefficient 9.747; p = 0.002). There were increased preterm deliveries when maternal infection occurred closer to the time of delivery. No severe SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected in children during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Slightly more than half of the SARS-CoV-2 serologies performed in the first three months were positive. This appears to confer protection during early childhood. The severity of maternal infection is the most significant factor influencing the transmission of antibodies in children born to unvaccinated mothers.

Brain Evaluation by Dual PET/CT with [18F] FDOPA and [18F] FDG in Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonian Syndromes.

Parkinsonian syndromes are considered clinicopathological conditions that are challenging to diagnose. Molecular imaging with [18F]-FDOPA and [18F]-FDG contributes to a more accurate clinical diagnosis by evaluating presynaptic dopaminergic pathways and glucose metabolism, respectively. The aim of this study was to correlate diagnoses made from dual PET/CT with the initial clinical diagnoses, as well as during follow-ups in patients with Parkinsonian syndromes. A secondary objective was to describe the imaging findings. Methods: A total of 150 patients with a clinical diagnosis of neurodegenerative Parkinsonism were evaluated using dual PET/CT. Clinically, 82% were diagnosed with PD, while the remaining 18% had an atypical Parkinsonism. Results: Using dual PET/CT, the most frequent diagnosis was PD in 67% of the patients, with the rest being diagnosed with an atypical Parkinsonism. In an agreement analysis between the initial clinical diagnosis and the imaging diagnosis by dual PET/CT, a concordance of 94.1% (n = 95) was observed for PD. In the remaining patients, the clinical diagnosis differed from that suggested by dual PET/CT, with atypical Parkinsonian syndromes being diagnosed as DLB in 40% (n = 4), PSP in 46.7% (n = 7), MSA-C in 75% (n = 6), MSA-P in 70% (n = 7), and CBD in 66.7% (n = 4). A total of 38.66% (n = 58) of patients were followed up (median follow-up of 27 months), with a Kappa coefficient of 0.591 (p < 0.001), suggesting substantial agreement. Conclusions: Dual FDOPA-FDG PET/CT demonstrated moderate agreement with the initial clinical diagnosis of Parkinsonism and moderate to substantial agreement during follow-up. This dual technique, therefore, stands out in differentiating between types of Parkinsonisms.