RESUMO
Survival outcomes in ovarian cancer are poor. The aims of this Phase I progressive design study (NCT02903771) were to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), tolerability, and antitumor activity of Cantrixil-a novel third-generation benzopyran molecule-in patients (n = 25) with advanced, recurrent/persistent epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer. All had completed ≥ 2 prior regimens; 3 (12%) had platinum-refractory disease, and 17 (68%) had platinum-resistant disease. Following intraperitoneal (IP) port placement, patients received weekly IP Cantrixil in 3-week cycles as monotherapy (Cycles 1-2), and then in combination with intravenous (IV) chemotherapy (Cycles 3-8). Part A (dose escalation) enrolled 11 patients in 6 dose-level cohorts. An MTD of 5 mg/kg was established with dose-limiting toxicity of ileus. Most treatment-related adverse events were gastrointestinal. Across Parts A and B (dose expansion), 16 (64%) patients received ≥ 1 3-week Cantrixil cycle, and had ≥ 1 post-baseline efficacy measurement available. The results show promising anti-tumor activity in monotherapy (stable disease rate of 56%) and in combination with IV chemotherapy (objective response rate of 19%, disease control rate of 56%, and median progression-free survival of 13.1 weeks). The molecular target and mechanism of action of Cantrixil are yet to be confirmed. Preliminary analysis of stem cell markers suggests that IP Cantrixil might induce ovarian cancer stem cell death and sensitize cells to standard chemotherapy, warranting further evaluation.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: GDC-0084 is an oral, brain-penetrant small-molecule inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR. Because these two targets alter tumor vascularity and metabolism, respectively, we hypothesized multiparametric MR-PET could be used to quantify the response, estimate pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters, and predict progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Multiparametric advanced MR-PET imaging was performed to evaluate physiologic response in a first-in-man, multicenter, phase I, dose-escalation study of GDC-0084 (NCT01547546) in 47 patients with recurrent malignant glioma. RESULTS: Measured maximum concentration (C max) was associated with a decrease in enhancing tumor volume (P = 0.0287) and an increase in fractional anisotropy (FA; P = 0.0418). Posttreatment tumor volume, 18F-FDG uptake, Ktrans, and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were all correlated with C max. A linear combination of change in 18F-FDG PET uptake, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), FA, Ktrans, vp, and rCBV was able to estimate both C max (R2 = 0.4113; P < 0.0001) and drug exposure (AUC; R2 = 0.3481; P < 0.0001). Using this composite multiparametric MR-PET imaging response biomarker to predict PK, patients with an estimated C max > 0.1 µmol/L and AUC > 1.25 µmol/L*hour demonstrated significantly longer PFS compared with patients with a lower estimated concentration and exposure (P = 0.0039 and P = 0.0296, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study suggest composite biomarkers created from multiparametric MR-PET imaging targeting metabolic and/or physiologic processes specific to the drug mechanism of action may be useful for subsequent evaluation of treatment efficacy for larger phase II-III studies.