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INTRODUCTION: Keratoacanthoma (KA) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are two cutaneous conditions with morphological resemblance, which can complicate the diagnosis in some cases. Using immunohistochemistry staining of biomarkers could be beneficial in resolving this obstacle. OBJECTIVES: We investigated a variety of biomarkers assessed in different studies in order to find the most important and helpful biomarkers for differentiation between SCC and lesions capable of spontaneous regression. METHODS: MEDLINE via PubMed and Google Scholar database were used to identify relevant literature up to 15 June 2022. The aim of our analyses was to determine the capability of biomarkers to distinguish between SCC and lesions capable of spontaneous regression using calculated individual and pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and I2 tests. RESULTS: Six potential biomarkers were CD10 with pooled OR= 0.006 (95% CI: 0.001-0.057) and I2=0%; COX-2 with pooled OR=0.089 (95% CI: 0.029-0.269) and I2=17.1%; elastic fibers with pooled OR= 6.69 (95% CI: 2.928-15.281) and I2=0%; IMP-3 with pooled OR=0.145 (95% CI: 0.021-1.001) and I2=44.5%; P53 with pooled OR=0.371 (95% CI: 0.188-0.733) and I2=55.9%; AT1R with OR=0.026 (95% CI: 0.006-0.107). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest the utilization of the following IHC biomarkers for discrimination between lesions with spontaneous regression such as KA and SCC: CD10, COX-2, and elastic fibers.
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BACKGROUND: Coronary Artery Disease is one of the leading causes of death in the world. CAD usually progresses slowly during time and patients with normal or near-normal coronary arteries are also at risk of developing CAD. It is now believed that even mild atherosclerosis can increase the rate of CAD. METHODS: This is a retrospective, descriptive and analytic study. We selected patients who had undergone at least two diagnostic coronary angiographies at Tehran Heart Center and had normal coronary structure or mild CAD in initial angiography. The data was obtained from the Tehran Heart Center Angiography Databank. Predicting factors in the development of CAD were determined. RESULTS: Data on 556 patients were reviewed. The median interval between the initial and final coronary catheterization was 37.6 months. On the final evaluation, 216 patients (38.8%) found to have developed some degrees of coronary artery disease. Based on the multivariate analysis, age, hematocrit, cigarette smoking, hypertension, and initial presentation with stable and unstable angina were found to be independent predictors of progression to CAD in patients. CONCLUSION: In the end, 40% of patients who had normal coronary arteries or minimal CAD in the initial angiography report, developed some degrees of CAD and some clinical indices can predict the risk of CAD.