RESUMO
There are few published real-world studies on hepatitis C in Latin America. This paper describes a cohort of Colombian subjects treated with direct-acting antiviral agents. A total of 195 patients from 5 hepatology centers in 4 Colombian cities were retrospectively studied. For each patient, serum biomarkers were obtained, and Child-Pugh, MELD, cirrhosis and fibrosis stage were calculated. Additionally, viral load was quantified at initiation, end of treatment and at 12 weeks of completion. Adverse effects were recorded. Patients with liver transplant were compared with non-transplanted patients in terms of serum biomarkers. The patients had received 9 different regimes. The most prevalent viral genotype was 1b (81.5%). Overall, 186 patients (95.4%) attained sustained virologic response. When comparing transplanted vs. non-transplanted patients, those in the non-transplanted group were more likely to have cirrhosis (52.6% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.0004). Pre-treatment viral load was higher in the transplant group (1 743 575 IQR = 1 038 062-4 252 719 vs. 345 769 IQR = 125 806-842 239; p < 0.0001) as well as ALT and AST levels (82.5 IQR 43.5-115.5 vs. 37.0 IQR = 24.7-73.3; p = 0.0009 and 70 IQR = 41-140 vs. 37 IQR = 24-68; p = 0.004 respectively). Adverse events were reported by 28.7% of the patients; asthenia (5.6%) was the most prevalent. Our results are comparable with those from other countries in terms of therapy and biomarkers. However, our cohort reported less adverse events. Further research is needed in the region.
Existen pocas publicaciones de evidencias del mundo real sobre hepatitis C en América Latina. En este estudio presentamos una cohorte colombiana de pacientes tratados con agentes antivirales de acción directa. Fueron analizados retrospectivamente 195 pacientes seleccionados en 5 centros de hepatología en 4 ciudades de Colombia. Dos tercios fueron mujeres y la mitad tenía ≥ 62 años. De cada uno se cuantificaron biomarcadores séricos, escala de Child-Pugh, MELD y grado de cirrosis y fibrosis. Se cuantificó carga viral al inicio, al final y a las 12 semanas después de completado el tratamiento. Se comparó la frecuencia de efectos adversos de medicamentos en trasplantados vs. no trasplantados. Los pacientes recibieron 9 esquemas de tratamiento diferentes. El genotipo más prevalente fue 1b (81.5%). La respuesta viral sostenida fue alcanzada por 186 pacientes (95.4%). El grupo no trasplantado tenía mayor frecuencia de cirrosis (52.6% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.0004). En los trasplantados, la carga viral pre-tratamiento era mayor (1 743 575 IQR = 1 038 062-4 252 719 vs. 345 769 IQR = 125 806-842 239; p = < 0.0001) igual que la ALT y la AST (82.5 IQR 43.5-115.5 vs. 37.0 IQR = 24.7-73.3; p = 0.0009 and 70 IQR = 41-140 vs. 37 IQR = 24-68; p = 0.004 respectivamente). El 28.7% refirió efectos adversos, siendo el más prevalente la astenia (5.6%). Nuestros resultados fueron comparables a los de estudios publicados en términos de terapia y biomarcadores pero nuestra cohorte presentó menos efectos adversos. Se requiere más investigación en la región.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , RNA Viral , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante de Fígado , Colômbia , Hepacivirus/genética , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Carga Viral , Quimioterapia Combinada , Resposta Viral Sustentada , GenótipoRESUMO
There are few published real-world studies on hepatitis C in Latin America. This paper describes a cohort of Colombian subjects treated with direct-acting antiviral agents. A total of 195 patients from 5 hepatology centers in 4 Colombian cities were retrospectively studied. For each patient, serum biomarkers were obtained, and Child-Pugh, MELD, cirrhosis and fibrosis stage were calculated. Additionally, viral load was quantified at initiation, end of treatment and at 12 weeks of completion. Adverse effects were recorded. Patients with liver transplant were compared with non-transplanted patients in terms of serum biomarkers. The patients had received 9 different regimes. The most prevalent viral genotype was 1b (81.5%). Overall, 186 patients (95.4%) attained sustained virologic response. When comparing transplanted vs. non-transplanted patients, those in the non-transplanted group were more likely to have cirrhosis (52.6% vs. 12.5%, p = 0.0004). Pre-treatment viral load was higher in the transplant group (1 743 575 IQR = 1 038 062-4 252 719 vs. 345 769 IQR = 125 806-842 239; p < 0.0001) as well as ALT and AST levels (82.5 IQR 43.5-115.5 vs. 37.0 IQR = 24.7-73.3; p = 0.0009 and 70 IQR = 41-140 vs. 37 IQR = 24-68; p = 0.004 respectively). Adverse events were reported by 28.7% of the patients; asthenia (5.6%) was the most prevalent. Our results are comparable with those from other countries in terms of therapy and biomarkers. However, our cohort reported less adverse events. Further research is needed in the region.
Assuntos
Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Colômbia , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Genótipo , Hepacivirus/genética , Humanos , Transplante de Fígado , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Viral , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Resposta Viral Sustentada , Carga ViralRESUMO
Biliary obstruction of different origin is a common clinical problem, with significant impact on the patients quality of life and poses a permanent risk of cholangitis. The management of these patients has evolved over time, makes collection of various technological developments and involve clinicians, surgeons, gastroenterologists, and interventional radiologists. Were port four cases of biliary obstruction that despite the significant demographic and clinical differences between them could be successfully managed approach in the biliary tract with the technique of radiological endoscopic Rendezvous.
Assuntos
Colangiografia , Colestase/terapia , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adolescente , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Colestase/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia Intervencionista , StentsRESUMO
The symptomatic metastasis of the colon from a pulmonary cancer is rare; however, the global incidence of pulmonary cancer is 12.9%. It is an infrequent site of metastasis, with a prevalence of less than 0.5% in patients with pulmonary cancer. One of the most common manifestation is intestinal obstruction. We present a case report of a patient with an acute lower intestinal bleeding from multiple metastasis lesion of the colon as the initial manifestation of a non-small cell lung carcinoma.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo/secundário , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Idoso , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo/diagnóstico , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , MasculinoRESUMO
Las metástasis sintomáticas al colon de un carcinoma de pulmón son raras, a pesar de ser una neoplasia que representa el 12,9% de la incidencia mundial de cáncer. El colon es un sitio infrecuente de metástasis, con una prevalencia reportada menor al 0,5% en pacientes con carcinomas de pulmón, existiendo en la literatura mundial pocos casos. Es inusual que sea la forma de presentación de este tipo de neoplasia. Con respecto a las manifestaciones clínicas que se reportan pueden cursar con obstrucción intestinal como síntoma cardinal. Se presenta el caso de un paciente que curso con hemorragia de vías digestivas bajas como manifestación inicial de múltiples lesiones metastásicas a colon de un carcinoma de pulmón de célula no pequeña.
The symptomatic metastasis of the colon from a pulmonary cancer is rare; however, the global incidence of pulmonary cancer is 12.9%. It is an infrequent site of metastasis, with a prevalence of less than 0.5% in patients with pulmonary cancer. One of the most common manifestation is intestinal obstruction. We present a case report of a patient with an acute lower intestinal bleeding from multiple metastasis lesion of the colon as the initial manifestation of a non-small cell lung carcinoma.
Assuntos
Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias do Colo/secundário , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnósticoRESUMO
La obstrucción biliar de diverso origen constituye un problema clínico frecuente, con importante impacto sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes y que plantea el riesgo permanente de colangitis. El manejo de estos pacientes ha evolucionado en el tiempo, haciendo acopio de diversos desarrollos tecnológicos e involucrando a clínicos, cirujanos, gastroenterólogos y radiólogos intervencionistas. Reportamos aquí cuatro casos de pacientes con obstrucción biliar que, a pesar de las importantes diferencias demográficas y etiológicas, pudieron ser exitosamente manejados, abordando la vía biliar con la técnica de Rendezvous radiológico endoscópico.
Biliary obstruction of different origin is a common clinical problem, with significant impact on the patients´ quality of life and poses a permanent risk of cholangitis. The management of these patients has evolved over time, makes collection of various technological developments and involve clinicians, surgeons, gastroenterologists, and interventional radiologists. Were port four cases of biliary obstruction that despite the significant demographic and clinical differences between them could be successfully managed approach in the biliary tract with the technique of radiological endoscopic Rendezvous.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Colangiografia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Colestase/terapia , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório , Radiografia Intervencionista , Stents , Colestase/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma is an infrequent liver tumor, currently considered to be a variant different from hepatocarcinoma. The differences lie in genomic alterations, a greater prevalence of fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma in young patients, and its lack of association with underlying liver disease. The clinical presentation is unspecific, with symptoms ranging from abdominal pain, malaise, and weight loss to atypical manifestation which include hyperammonemic encephalopathy. We present the case of a 33-year-old woman with no prior medical history who presented with a coma and a diagnosis of inoperable fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma requiring a cadaver donor transplant. While she was on the waiting list, she received hemofiltration and ammonium benzoate treatment, with progressive improvement in her state of consciousness.
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Resumen Introducción: cerca del 10% al 15% de los pacientes con coledocolitiasis presentan cálculos gigantes, definidos como aquellos que miden más de 10 mm a 15 mm. La extracción de estos puede ser problemática, aun para endoscopistas experimentados. Casi todos los pacientes con esta patología pueden ser tratados endoscópicamente, y la mayoría de los cálculos son removidos con la realización de esfinterotomía (EFT), litotripsia mecánica (LM) o dilatación papilar con balón grande (DPBG). La DPBG ha demostrado ser efectiva en el manejo del cálculo gigante y disminuye la necesidad de LM. Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de coledocolitiasis gigante en el Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana (HUS) entre el 2009 y el 2014, la frecuencia de éxito endoscópico y la necesidad de manejo quirúrgico, además de evaluar los factores asociados con el uso de litotripsia en casos de cálculos gigantes de la vía biliar. Materiales y métodos: el presente es un estudio de casos y controles de pacientes con cálculos gigantes, definidos como cálculos mayores de 10 mm en pacientes llevados a colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) en el HUS entre 2009 y 2014. Los casos fueron los pacientes a quienes se les realizó litotripsia y, los controles, quienes no requirieron este procedimiento. Los resultados se presentan como medias o medianas, y se indican sus respectivas medidas de dispersión para las variables continuas, según pruebas de normalidad o como frecuencias y porcentajes para las variables categóricas. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística con el principal objetivo de determinar los factores asociados con litotripsia, en el que se incluyeron las variables biológicamente plausibles o que, estadísticamente, mostraron diferencias en el análisis bivariado (p<0,200). Los resultados se presentan como odds ratios (oportunidad relativa) ajustados (ORA). Resultados: entre 2009 y 2014, se realizaron un total de 1403 CPRE, de las cuales 198 (14,1%) tuvieron presencia de cálculos gigantes. Fue más frecuente la coledocolitiasis gigante en el sexo femenino que en el masculino. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 66,6 años. El diámetro promedio del colédoco fue de 18 mm, y el diámetro promedio de los cálculos fue de 18 mm. Al 99% de los pacientes se les realizo EFT, el 28% requirió LM, al 48% se les realizo DPBG, el 5,5% requirió LM y DPBG, y el 30,8% requirió el avance de prótesis biliar y más de una CPRE para la resolución de la coledocolitiasis. En el 89,9% de los casos, el manejo endoscópico fue exitoso. El 10,1% requirió cirugía. En el 9,0% de los casos, se presentaron complicaciones (6 pancreatitis, 7 sangrados, 2 impactaciones de canastilla y 1 perforación). En el análisis bivariado, la DPBG fue un factor protector del requerimiento de LM (ORA 0,07-IC del 95% 0,025-0,194), y el tamaño del colédoco es un predictor del requerimiento de LM (p<0,05). Conclusiones: en nuestra serie, la prevalencia de coledocolitiasis gigante y el éxito del manejo endoscópico es similar a la reportada en la literatura. La EFT, la LM y la DPBG fueron efectivas en el manejo de los cálculos gigantes. El tamaño del colédoco es un predictor de requerimiento de LM y la DPBG disminuyó el requerimiento de LM.
Abstract Introduction: About 10% to 15% of patients with choledocholithiasis develop a giant calculus, defined as one that measures more than 10 mm to 15 mm. Removal of these stones can be problematic even for experienced endoscopists. Almost all patients with this pathology can be treated endoscopically: most are removed with sphincterotomies, mechanical lithotripsy (ML) or large balloon papillary dilatation (LBPD). LBPD has been shown to be effective in handling giant calculi and decreases the need for ML. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of giant choledocholithiasis at HUS between 2009 and 2014, the frequency of successful endoscopic treatment, and the frequency of surgery in these cases. We also evaluated factors associated with the use of lithotripsy to remove giant biliary calculi. Materials and Methods: This study is a case-control study of patients who had giant calculi and underwent ERCP at the HUS between 2009 and 2014. Calculi larger than 10 mm were defined as giant. Cases were patients who underwent lithotripsy while controls were those who did not require lithotripsy. The results for continuous variables are presented as means or medians and their respective measures of dispersion while results for categorical variables are presented according to tests of normality or as frequencies and percentages. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with lithotripsy. Biologically plausible variables and those that had statistically significant differences in the bivariate analysis (p <0.200) were included. The results are presented as adjusted odds ratios (ORA). Results: Between 2009 and 2014, a total of 1403 ERCPs were performed. Giant calculi were found in 198 (14.1%) of these procedures. Giant choledocholithiasis was more common in female patients than in male patients. The patients' mean age was 66.6 years. The average diameter of the common bile duct was 18 mm, and the average diameter of the stones was 18 mm. Ninety-nine percent of these patients underwent sphincterotomies, 28% required ML, 48% underwent LBPD, 5.5% required ML and LBPD, and 30.8% required biliary stents and more than one ERCP for the resolution of choledocholithiasis. In 89.9% of cases, endoscopic management was successful. Only 10.1% of the total number of patients required surgery. Complications occurred in 9.0% of the cases: 6 cases of pancreatitis, 7 cases of bleeding, 2 impacted cannula and 1 perforation. In the bivariate analysis, LBPD was a protective factor against the need for ML (ORA 0.07-IC 95% 0.025-0.194) and choledochal size was a predictor a need for MM (p <0.05). Conclusions: In our series the prevalence of giant choledocholithiasis and the success of endoscopic management are similar to those reported in the literature. Sphincterotomies, ML and LBPD were effective for managing giant calculi. Choledochal size is a predictor of a need for ML while performance of LBPD decreased the need for ML.
Assuntos
Coledocolitíase , Litotripsia , Ductos Biliares , DilataçãoRESUMO
Antecedentes: el 90% de los pacientes cirróticos desarrollará várices esofágicas, y en algún momento de su vida, el 30% de ellos sangrará. Objetivo: identificar los factores pronósticos asociados con mortalidad en cirróticos con sangrado digestivo varicoso. Método: se presenta una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes con sangrado digestivo varicoso en un período de 30 meses. Resultados: se presentan 63 pacientes (33 hombres y 30 mujeres), de 56 años (desviación estándar DE 16 años) de edad media. El 52,4% tenía una clase funcional Child-Pugh B. El promedio de hospitalización fue de 10 días. De estas, 12 (19%) fallecieron; el choque hipovolémico (p = 0,033) y la transfusión de glóbulo rojos (p = 0,05) estuvieron relacionados con la mortalidad. En el análisis bivariado, la variable más relacionada con la mortalidad fue el compromiso funcional hepático Child-Pugh C (p = 0,00). Las comparaciones de las variables numéricas encontraron que el valor de creatinina; media 1,74 mg/dL (p = 0,043); y la duración de la hospitalización; media de 10 días (p = 0,057); fueron superiores en los pacientes fallecidos. En los análisis bivariados, las variables Child-Pugh C (Exp(B) = 0,068; p = 0,002) y creatinina (Exp(B) = 0,094; p = 0,034) se mantuvieron estadísticamente relacionadas con el desenlace de interés. Conclusiones: la mortalidad del paciente con sangrado varicoso en este estudio es comparable con los estándares internacionales actuales. La enfermedad hepática avanzada y una función renal deteriorada están relacionadas con mayor mortalidad, razón por la cual los pacientes con predictores de mortalidad presentes durante la descompensación por sangrado varicoso ameritan una vigilancia estrecha e intervenciones tempranas para evitar desenlaces negativos
Background: Ninety percent of cirrhotic patients will develop esophageal varices, and bleeding will occur in 30% of these patients at some point in their lives. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify prognostic factors associated with mortality in cirrhotic patients with bleeding varices. Method: We present a retrospective cohort study of patients with bleeding digestive varices over a period of 30 months. Results: This study included 63 patients (33 men and 30 women) whose average age was 56 years (SD: 16 years). 52.4% of these patients Child-Pugh classification was B. The average stay in the hospital was 10 days. Twelve (19%) died. Hypovolemic shock (p = 0.033) and red blood cell transfusion (p = 0.05) were related to mortality. Bivariate analysis showed that the variable most closely related to mortality was hepatic impairment with Child-Pugh C classification (p = 0.00). Comparisons of numerical variables found that the creatinine value (Mean: 1.74 mg/dl, p = 0.043) and length of hospital stay (mean time:10 days, p = 0.057) were higher in patients who died. In the bivariate analysis, Child-Pugh C (Exp (B) = 0.068, p = 0.002) and creatinine (Exp (B) = 0.094, p = 0.034) remained statistically related to the outcome of interest. Conclusions: Mortality from bleeding varices in the patients in this study is comparable to current international standards. Because advanced liver disease and impaired renal function are associated with increased mortality, patients with bleeding varices who have predictors for mortality during decompensation due to bleeding warrant close monitoring and early interventions to avoid negative outcomes
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pacientes , Prognóstico , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas , Estudos de Coortes , Mortalidade , Hemorragia , Monitoramento AmbientalRESUMO
Se presenta el caso de un paciente con colitis ulcerativa (CU) grave de nueva aparición y diagnóstico simultáneo de infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Dos enfermedades inmunológica y fisiopatológicamente opuestas, que raramente se asocian. Incluso se plantea que en la infección por VIH, la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) puede ser menos agresiva. El diagnóstico se convierte en un reto, dado el espectro de enfermedades que pueden afectar el colón en el contexto de infección por VIH. Asimismo, el tratamiento es controversial teniendo en cuenta que el uso de inmunomoduladores o biológicos bloquean otro componente del sistema inmune que podría potenciar el estado de inmunosupresión en este grupo de pacientes. La historia natural, el tratamiento y el pronóstico, continúan siendo un desafío para la evidencia actual.
We present the case of a patient with severe de novo ulcerative colitis (CU) and a simultaneous diagnosis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. These two immunologically and pathophysiologically opposing diseases are rarely found in association, and it has even been suggested that inflammatory bowel disease (IAS) may be less aggressive in HIV infections. The diagnosis is challenging, given the spectrum of diseases that can affect the colon in the context of an HIV infection. Treatment is similarly controversial considering that the use of immunomodulators or biological block another component of the immune system that could enhance the state of immunosuppression in this group of patients. Natural history, treatment and prognosis remain a challenge for currently available evidence
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Colite Ulcerativa , Infecções por HIV , HIVRESUMO
La colestasis hepática incluye una gran variedad de desórdenes que pueden comprometer la vía intra o extrahepática, requiriendo para su diagnóstico una asociación de hallazgos clínicos, bioquímicos, imagenológicos y en algunos casos, patológicos. Se describe el caso de un paciente que presenta episodios intermitentes y autoresolutivos de ictericia recurrente asociados con dolor abdominal y prurito intenso, en quien se encuentra durante los episodios de agudización un patrón colestásico intrahepático que se resuelve completamente durante los episodios de remisión.
Hepatic cholestasis includes a large variety of disorders which can compromise the intrahepatic and extrahepatic pathways. Diagnosis requires a combination of clinical, biochemical, imaging, and sometimes pathological, findings. We describe the case of a patient with intermittent episodes of jaundice which resolved by themselves but which were and decisive associated with abdominal pain and severe itching. These episodes occurred during exacerbation of the intrahepatic cholestatic pattern but completely resolved during episodes of remission.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Colestase , Colestase Intra-Hepática , Icterícia , PruridoRESUMO
Se reporta el caso de una mujer anciana con hemorragia digestiva alta y choque hipovolémico secundario a úlceras de Cameron. Dado que estas lesiones se caracterizan por presentar cuadros crónicos de hemorragia sin aparente repercusión, se hace una revisión de esta exótica causa de sangrado digestivo masivo con repercusión hemodinámica. Estas ulceras se deben a abrasión de la mucosa por la contracción del diafragma durante los movimientos respiratorios, lo que genera pérdidas crónicas de sangre.
A case of an elderly woman with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and hypovolemic shock, secondary to Cameron ulcers, is presented. Since these injuries are characterized by showing chronic hemorrhage medical profiles chronic with no apparent impact a review of this exotic cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding with hemodynamic impact is performed. These mucosal ulcers are formed due to abrasion during the contraction of the diaphragm in the breathing movements, which in turn produces chronic blood loss.
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Objetivo: brindar una guía de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia más reciente para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad hepática grasa no alcohólica teniendo en cuenta la efectividad y seguridad de las intervenciones dirigidas a pacientes, personal asistencial, administrativo y entes gubernamentales de cualquier servicio de atención en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: esta guía fue desarrollada por un equipo multidisciplinario con apoyo de la Asociación Colombiana de Gastroenterología, el Grupo Cochrane ITS y el Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se desarrollaron preguntas clínicas relevantes y se realizó la búsqueda de guías nacionales e internacionales en bases de datos especializadas. Las guías existentes fueron evaluadas en términos de calidad y aplicabilidad; una guía cumplió los criterios de adaptación, por lo que se decidió adaptar 3 preguntas clínicas. El Grupo Cochrane realizó la búsqueda sistemática de la literatura. Las tablas de evidencia y recomendaciones fueron realizadas con base en la metodología GRADE. Las recomendaciones de la guía fueron socializadas en una reunión de expertos con entes gubernamentales y pacientes. Resultados: se desarrolló una guía de práctica clínica basada en la evidencia para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad hepática grasa no alcohólica en Colombia. Conclusiones: el diagnóstico y manejo oportuno de la enfermedad hepática grasa no alcohólica contribuirá a disminuir la carga de la enfermedad en Colombia, así como de las enfermedades asociadas.
Objective: To provide a clinical practice guideline with the latest evidence for diagnosis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease for patients, caregivers, administrative and government bodies at all levels of care in Colombia. Materials and Methods: This guide was developed by a multidisciplinary team with the support of the Colombian Association of Gastroenterology, Cochrane STI Group and Clinical Research Institute of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Relevant clinical questions were developed and the search for national and international guidelines in databases was performed. Existing guidelines were evaluated about quality and applicability. One guideline met the criteria for adaptation, so the group decided to adapt 3 clinical questions. Systematic literature searches were conducted by the Cochrane Group. The tables of evidence and recommendations were made based on the GRADE methodology. The recommendations of the guide were socialized in a meeting of experts with government agencies and patients. Results: An evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was developed for the Colombian context. Conclusions: The opportune detection and appropriate management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease would contribute to the burden of the disease in Colombia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/diagnóstico , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/terapiaRESUMO
Introducción: la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C (HCV sus siglas en inglés) es un problema de salud pública en el mundo y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) calcula en más de 180 millones las personas infectadas. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar la prevalencia de anti-HCV en pacientes con alto riesgo de infección mediante una prueba rápida con sangre capilar, y la confirmación de la infección por la prueba de PCR en tiempo real. Método: se incluyeron pacientes atendidos en la Unidad de gastroenterología del Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana de Bogotá D.C, principal centro de referencia del departamento de Cundinamarca y que atiende pacientes de todo el país. Se definieron como factores de riesgo para hepatitis C: antecedentes de transfusiones, hemodiálisis, cirugías mayores (sistema nervioso central [SNC], tórax, abdomen, ortopédicas), drogadicción (farmacodependencia), tatuajes, piercing, acupuntura, presidiarios, trabajadores sexuales, VIH/sida, enfermedades de trasmisión sexual, trabajadores de la salud, pacientes procedentes de la Orinoquía y/o Amazonía, e insuficiencia renal crónica; también se estudiaron pacientes remitidos por alteración del perfil hepático, hígado graso, masas hepáticas, cirrosis excepto por virus C, ascitis, y várices esofagogástricas. Se empleó el estuche comercial SD BIOLINE HCV (Standard Diagnostics, INC. Corea), esta prueba contiene una membrana precubierta con antígenos recombinantes del HCV (core, NS3, NS4, NS5); se combina una proteína A coloidal con la muestra de suero y se mueve a lo largo de la membrana cromatográfica formando una línea visible de reacción antígeno-anticuerpo-proteína A, con un alto grado de especificidad y sensibilidad. Resultados: entre enero y octubre de 2014 se estudiaron 391 pacientes, 161 mujeres (41%) y 230 (59%) hombres; edad promedio de 46,6 años y rango de edad de 14 a 86 años. Se detectaron, por la prueba rápida para hepatitis C, ...
Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are a public health problem throughout the world: the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that over 180 million people are currently infected. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of anti-HCV in patients at high risk of infection through using a rapid test with capillary blood and confirmation of infection by PCR testing in real time. Method: Patients were enrolled in the study from among those treated in the gastroenterology unit of the Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana. This is one of the principal referral centers in the department of Cundinamarca, but it cares for patients from across the country. Hepatitis C risk factors identified included previous history of hepatitis C, transfusions, hemodialysis, major surgery (SNC, thorax, abdomen, orthopedic), drug addiction, tattooing, piercing, acupuncture, time in prison, experience as a sex worker, HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases, health care work, chronic renal failure, and time spent living in the chronic renal failure the Orinoco and/or Amazon regions. Patients referred because of abnormal liver profiles, fatty liver disease, liver masses, cirrhosis (except when due to Hepatitis C virus), ascites, and esophageal-gastric varices were also included in the study. The SD BIOLINE HCV One Step Hepatitis C Virus Test (Standard Diagnostics, Inc. Korea), which is a commercially available kit, was used. This test contains a membrane which is pre-coated with recombinant HCV antigens (core, NS3, NS4, and NS5). A Protein A colloid is combined with the serum sample which then moves along the chromatographic membrane forming a visible line showing the antigen-antibody- Protein A reaction. This test has a high degree of specificity and sensitivity. Results: Between January and October 2014, 391 patients were included in the study. Of this number, 161 were women (41%) and 230 were men (59%). Average patient age was 46.6 ...
Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatite C , PrevalênciaRESUMO
Se presentan casos de 4 pacientes adultos con 3 variedades de sarcoma de Kaposi: epidémico (asociado con infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana), iatrogénico (en paciente con inmunosupresión crónica y en un hombre con cirrosis alcohólica) y clásico (en paciente anciana sin inmunosupresión conocida); todos ellos presentaron compromiso gastrointestinal. Se hace una breve revisión de esta enfermedad.
This article presents the cases of four adult patients with three varieties of Kaposis sarcoma: epidemic, associated with human immunodeficiency virus infections; iatrogenic, associated with chronic immune suppression (and in this case in a man with alcoholic cirrhosis); and classic, occurring in elderly patient without previously known immunosuppression. All four cases had gastrointestinal involvement. A brief review of the disease is included.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Sarcoma de KaposiRESUMO
A 38 years old man with 48 hours of gastrointestinal bleeding was admitted to the hospital. The EGD revealed red-purple nodules in the gastric antrum. Histopathologically, there were spindle cells and capillary size vascular proliferation. These findings were consistent with Kaposi sarcoma of the stomach. Immediately after, the patient had a positive test for HIV.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/complicações , Sarcoma de Kaposi/etiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiologia , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Sarcoma de Kaposi/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologiaRESUMO
The coexistence of pregnancy and liver disease represents a complex clinical situation. Pregnancy develops hypervolemic state due to increased splachnic blood flow, which contributes to increased portal pressure transmitted to collateral veins that increase the risk of variceal bleeding in these patients. We report the case of a 39 years old patient in the sixth pregnancy and without any previous medical history that presented pre-sinusoidal portal hypertension, and thanks to appropriate multidisciplinary management had an uncomplicated delivery. We review the literature relevant to the case.
Assuntos
Hipertensão Portal , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão Portal/diagnóstico , Hipertensão Portal/terapia , Gravidez , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/terapiaRESUMO
Hombre de 38 años que consultó por sangrado digestivo de dos días de duración. La esofagogastroduodenoscopía demostró múltiples lesiones nodulares de color púrpura en el antro gástrico. La histopatología mostró un tumor formado por células fusiformes y proliferación vascular, hallazgos consistentes con sarcoma de Kaposi del estómago. Posteriormente se determinó la infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia (VIH) del paciente.
A 38 years old man with 48 hours of gastrointestinal bleeding was admitted to the hospital. The EGD revealed red-purple nodules in the gastric antrum. Histopathologically, there were spindle cells and capillary size vascular proliferation. These findings were consistent with Kaposi sarcoma of the stomach. Immediately after, the patient had a positive test for HIV.
Sarcoma, Kaposi; Gastric antrum; HIV.
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Sarcoma de Kaposi/etiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiologia , Sarcoma de Kaposi/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologiaRESUMO
An 81-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of dysphagia which she had suffered for four years. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a Zenker's diverticulum and extrinsic compression of the esophagus. A thoracic CT scan confirmed the presence of extrinsic compression caused by an aberrant right subclavian artery, which compromised the posterior esophageal wall thus confirming a diagnosis of dysphagia lusoria. An association between Zenker's diverticulum and dysphagia lusoria is so uncommon that there have been no previously published cases.
Una mujer de 81 años fue remitida para evaluación de una disfagia que padecía desde hacía cuatro años. Una endoscopia gastrointestinal reveló un divertículo de Zenker y una compresión extrínseca del esófago. Un escaneo computadorizado del tórax confirmó la presencia de la comprensión extrínseca, causada por una arteria subclavia derecha aberrada, que comprometía la pared esofágica posterior, lo que confirmó un diagnóstico de disfagia lusoria. Una asociación entre el divertículo de Zenker y la disfagia lusoria es tan poco común que no han sido publicados sus casos con anterioridad.
RESUMO
La coexistencia de embarazo y enfermedad hepática representa una situación clínica compleja. Durante el embarazo se desarrolla un estado hipervolémico debido a un flujo esplácnico incrementado, que contribuye a mayor presión portal transmitida a las venas colaterales que incrementan el riesgo de hemorragia varicosa en este grupo de pacientes. Se reporta el caso de una paciente de 39 años en el sexto embarazo y sin ningún antecedente médico previo que presenta hipertensión portal pre-sinusoidal y que gracias al manejo multidisciplinario adecuado, tuvo un parto sin complicaciones. Se revisa la literatura pertinente al caso.
The coexistence of pregnancy and liver disease represents a complex clinical situation. Pregnancy develops hypervolemic state due to increased splachnic blood flow, which contributes to increased portal pressure transmitted to collateral veins that increase the risk of variceal bleeding in these patients. We report the case of a 39 years old patient in the sixth pregnancy and without any previous medical history that presented pre-sinusoidal portal hypertension, and thanks to appropriate multidisciplinary management had an uncomplicated delivery. We review the literature relevant to the case.