Application of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in recurrent anastomotic tumors after surgery in digestive tract tumors.

BACKGROUND: This study was to investigate the application value of whole-body dynamic 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging in recurrent anastomotic tumors of digestive tract after gastric and esophageal cancer surgery. Postoperative patients with gastric and esophageal cancer have a high risk of tumor recurrence, and traditional imaging methods have certain limitations in early detection of recurrent tumors. Whole-body dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, due to its high sensitivity and specificity, can provide comprehensive information on tumor metabolic activity, which is expected to improve the early diagnosis rate of postoperative recurrent tumors, and provide an important reference for clinical treatment decision-making. AIM: To investigate the clinical value of whole-body dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in differentiating anastomotic recurrence and inflammation after the operation of upper digestive tract tumors. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 53 patients with upper digestive tract tumors after operation and systemic dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging indicating abnormal FDG uptake by anastomosis, including 29 cases of gastric cancer and 24 cases of esophageal cancer. According to the follow-up results of gastroscopy and other imaging examinations before and after PET/CT examination, the patients were divided into an anastomotic recurrence group and anastomotic inflammation group. Patlak multi-parameter analysis software was used to obtain the metabolic rate (MRFDG), volume of distribution maximum (DVmax) of anastomotic lesions, and MRmean and DVmean of normal liver tissue. The lesion/background ratio (LBR) was calculated by dividing the MRFDG and DVmax of the anastomotic lesion by the MRmean and DVmean of the normal liver tissue, respectively, to obtain LBR-MRFDG and LBR-DVmax. An independent sample t test was used for statistical analysis, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the differential diagnostic efficacy of each parameter for anastomotic recurrence and inflammation. RESULTS: The dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging parameters MRFDG, DVmax, LBR-MRFDG, and LBR-DVmax of postoperative anastomotic lesions in gastric cancer and esophageal cancer showed statistically significant differences between the recurrence group and the inflammatory group (P < 0.05). The parameter LBR-MRFDG showed good diagnostic efficacy in differentiating anastomotic inflammation from recurrent lesions. In the gastric cancer group, the area under the curve (AUC) value was 0.935 (0.778, 0.993) when the threshold was 1.83, and in the esophageal cancer group, the AUC value was 1. When 86 is the threshold, the AUC value is 0.927 (0.743, 0.993). CONCLUSION: Whole-body dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging can accurately differentiate the diagnosis of postoperative anastomotic recurrence and inflammation of gastric cancer and esophageal cancer and has the potential to be an effective monitoring method for patients with upper digestive tract tumors after surgical treatment.

Metal-Organic Framework Nanomaterials as a Medicine for Catalytic Tumor Therapy: Recent Advances.

Nanomaterials, with unique physical, chemical, and biocompatible properties, have attracted significant attention as an emerging active platform in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Amongst them, metal-organic framework (MOF) nanostructures are particularly promising as a nanomedicine due to their exceptional surface functionalities, adsorption properties, and organo-inorganic hybrid characteristics. Furthermore, when bioactive substances are integrated into the structure of MOFs, these materials can be used as anti-tumor agents with superior performance compared to traditional nanomaterials. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in MOFs-based materials for tumor therapy, including their application in cancer treatment and the underlying mechanisms.

Magnetostrictive-piezocatalytic CoFe2O4@UiO-66 nanohybrid and its potential for deep-seated tumor treatment.

Magnetostrictive CoFe2O4 (CFO) nanoparticles were encapsulated within a UiO-66 metal-organic-framework layer to form a CFO@UiO-66 nanohybrid. The deforming of CFO, in response to a high-frequency AC magnetic field, initiates the piezocatalytic property of UiO-66 to generate ˙OH radicals, which can kill cancer cells buried in thick tissues, showcasing bright potential for deep-seated tumor treatment.

Cu2-x Sx Capped AuCu Nanostars for Efficient Plasmonic Photothermal Tumor Treatment in the Second Near-Infrared Window.

Plasmonic nanohybrids are promising photo energy conversion materials in photoelectronics and biomedicine, due to their unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Au and Cu2-x Sx nanostructures with strong SPR in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region are classic plasmonic systems used to convert NIR photons into heat for photothermal therapy (PTT). The rational design of the Au/Cu2-x Sx nanohybrids is expected to induce better photothermal conversion; however, the construction of such hybrids via wet-chemistry methods with a well-controlled interfacial structure is still challenging. Here, the synthesis of an AuCu Star/Cu2-x Sx nanohybrid is reported, where the Cu2-x Sx components are selectively grown on the AuCu nanostar tips to form "caps". The spatial formation of the Cu2-x Sx caps on star tips is mainly governed by surfactant concentration, tip curvature, and experimental manipulation. The nanohybrids show low cytotoxicity and superior photothermal conversion efficiency, enabling robust PTT to kill cancer cells in the second NIR window. Numerical simulation reveals that the coupling of Cu2-x Sx on nanostar tips generates strong interfacial electric field, improving photothermal conversion. Moreover, the spatial separation structure favors the continuous flow of hot charge carriers to produce active radicals, further promoting the tumor treatment effect.