Temporal characteristics and health effects related to NO2, O3, and SO2 in an urban area of Iran.

This study reports on temporal variations of NO2, O3, and SO2 pollutants and their related health effects in urban air of Khorramabad, Iran using AirQ 2.2.3 software. Based on data between 2015 and 2021, hourly NO2, O3, and SO2 concentrations increase starting at 6:00 a.m. local time until 9:00 p.m., 3:00 p.m., and 7:00 p.m. local time, respectively, before gradually decreasing. The highest monthly NO2, O3, and SO2 concentrations are observed in October, August, and September, respectively. Annual median NO2, O3, and SO2 concentrations range between 17 ppb and 38.8 ppb, 17.5 ppb-36.6 ppb, and ∼14 ppb-30.8 ppb, respectively. Two to 93 days and 17-156 days between 2015 and 2021 exhibit daily concentrations of NO2 and SO2 ≤ WHO AQGs, respectively, while 187-294 days have 8-h maximum O3 concentrations ≤ WHO AQGs. The mean excess mortality ascribed to respiratory mortality, cardiovascular mortality, hospital admissions for COPD, and acute myocardial infraction are 121, 603, 39, and 145 during 2015-2021, respectively. O3 is found to exert more significant health effects compared to SO2 and NO2, resulting in higher cardiovascular mortality. The gradual increase in NO2 and possibly O3 over the study period is suspected to be due to economic sanctions, while SO2 decreased due to regulatory activity. Sustainable control strategies such as improving fuel quality, promoting public transportation and vehicle retirement, applying subsidies for purchase of electric vehicles, and application of European emission standards on automobiles can help decrease target pollutant levels in ambient air of cities in developing countries.

Loaded paraquaton polymeric nanocapsules and evaluation for cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats.

Present work was conducted to prepare and evaluate, loaded paraquat nano-hydrogels using chitosan, sodium polytriphosphate, and xanthan via ionic gelification method. The fabricated L-PQ formulations were analyzed for surface morphology and functional groups using SEM and FTIR, respectively. The stability of the synthesized nanoparticle was, also, analyzed in terms of diameter size, zeta potential, dispersion index, and pH. Furthermore, the cardiotoxicity effects of the synthesized nanogels were investigated on Wistar rats in terms of enzymatic activity, echocardiographic, and histological analysis. The proper stability of the prepared formulation was also confirmed by diameter size, zeta potential, dispersion index, and pH. The efficiency of encapsulation was about 90±3.2% and the release of PQ in the loaded nanogel was about 90±2.3%. A decrease in ST (shortening time) segment by formulated PQ, either in peritoneal or gavage exposure pathway, indicates the effectiveness of the capsule layer against the penetration of toxin into the body.

Toxicity of green synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on zebra fish.

Nanoparticles (NPs) is usually fabricated by physical and chemical methods which, consequently, may have adverse effects for human and environment. Therefore, novel environmentally friendly synthesis methods for are essential and preferred. The purpose of this study was to synthesize TiO2 NPs using Echinophora cinerea extract and evaluate its toxicity on zebra fish. In the work, extraction phase was performed using a water as solvent. FTIR, XRD, SEM, and DLS analyzes were performed to determine the characteristics of synthesized TiO2 NPs. The effect of different parameters such as pH, extract concentration, TiO2 concentration, and temperature were investigated on TiO2 NP and optimized. Then, the acute toxicity of synthesized TiO2 NPs at different concentrations was investigated for 96 h on zebra fish. The bioassay data was analyzed via probit regression technique. Based on the obtained results, the optimal conditions for the synthesized TiO2 NPs were 9, 20 g/L, 0.4 g/L, and 25 °C for pH, extract concentration, TiO2 concentration and temperature, respectively. Both FTIR and XRD analysis confirmed the stability and structure of the synthesized NPs. According to SEM and DLS analysis, the synthesized NPs were spherical in shape and about 244.7 nm in diameter. Based on bioassay, LC50 for green synthesized TiO2 NPs with Echinophora cinerea extract at 48 h was 300 mg/L, which revealed a less hazardous material.

Synthesis of modified ZnO nanorods and investigation of its application for removal of phthalate from landfill leachate: A case study in Aradkouh landfill site.

In this study, zinc oxide nanorods, co-doped with iron and silver, were synthesized in a co-precipitation method. Its properties were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The results of FE-SEM and TEM showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized and co-doped with iron and silver were formed as separate nanorods. Also, the average values of DBP and DEHP amount of phthalates in the leachate from the landfill site of Aradkouh were obtained 52.5 and 94.69 mg/L, respectively. The highest removal efficiency in real samples for phthalates was found to be 52%. The highest removal efficiency of TOC were was 61%. The synthesized nanostructure could have proper efficiency in removal of phthalates from water sources under the visible light of LED lamp.

Dose-response meta-analysis of arsenic exposure in drinking water and hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Based on the cross-sectional and cohort studies, exposure to As via drinking water can cause hypertension. METHODS: We searched PubMed, ISI WOS, and Scopus for relevant studies up to 1 January 2018 using related keywords. The meta-analysis was done on 10 studies (n = 28255) that report Odds Ratio for hypertension. The extracted ORs between As concentration and hypertension were pooled using random effect models. Study heterogeneity was analyzed using I 2. RESULTS: The estimated adjusted OR for association between As and hypertension was 1.44 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.84) with I 2 = 71%. Dose-Response analysis showed a linear relationship between As and hypertension (OR = 1.0008 95% CI: 1.0003, 1.001). In general, by increase of each unit in arsenic concentration, odds of the hypertension would increase as 0.08%. CONCLUSION: There was a significant relationship between As exposure and hypertension.

Preparation and characterization of loaded paraquat- polymeric chitosan/xantan/tripolyphosphate nanocapsules and evaluation for controlled release.

PURPOSE: Paraquat is an effective, non-selective, and fast-acting contact herbicide that is widely used. Its high solubility in water and adsorption in soil can easily poison the non-target organs. In this study, paraquat nano-hydrogels was synthesized using chitosan. METHODS: Sodium tripolyphosphate and xanthan via iononic gellification method. After preparation the loaded paraquat formulations, to verify the morphology and analysis the functional groups on the formulation, SEM and FTIR analysis were used, respectively. In this work, stability of the formulation was measured in terms of size distribution, surface charge, and pH values. To determine the release kinetics, a dialysis bag was used. In addition, herbicidal activity of the prepared formulation was tested on corn bushes and wild mustard. RESULTS: From the analysis, FT-IR spectra confirmed the hydrogel formation, and SEM images showed a dense structure in the synthesized hydrogel. According to the results of size distribution, surface charge, dispersion index and pH, it was proved that the prepared hydrogel was stable. The optimal values of chitosan, SPP, xanthan, and PQ were 0.3, 0.1, 0.15, and 20 mg, respectively. Based on the peppas equation, about 89.82% of the paraquat was released from the formulation with a paraquat loading of 89.1 ± 4.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of loaded paraquat formulations on mustard and corn plants showed that the herbicidal properties of the encapsulated paraquat were preserved. This study reveal that the loaded paraquat L-PQ is a stable formulation with less toxicity effects.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of municipal solid waste in Iran for implementation of best waste management practice: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

With the rapid growth of population, development of different industries, and production of several ranges of products, the generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been growing significantly in the recent years. However, if MSW is not managed properly, it can greatly contribute to an environmental crisis. In the present study, we aimed to examine the characteristics and quantity of MSW generated in Iran through a meta-analysis and systematic review. The major international and Iranian national databases including Science direct, Scopus, PubMed, Google scholar, and SID and Magiran were searched completely using appropriate keywords to identify the articles that have been published from 2003 up to November 2019 on the topic on interest. Based on the inclusion criteria, a number of 13 papers were found eligible to be reviewed in this study. The results showed that the amount of generated waste per capita in Iran is 839 g/capita/day. Moreover, organic matters, paper and cardboard, plastics, glasses, textiles, rubber, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), metals (ferrous and non-ferrous), wood materials, and other wastes were found to be contributed to 65.85%, 8.79%, 8.39%, 2.73%, 2.74%, 1.18%, 1.07%, 2.83%, 1.20%, and 5.22% of total MSW in Iran, respectively. Due to the high level of organic waste in MSW stream in Iran, composting program is recommended as a practical and beneficial approach. Of note, the recyclable materials include plastic, PET, glass, metals, and paper and cardboard have accounted for 24.05% of total MSW in Iran.

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in cosmetic products sold in Iran: the Monte Carlo simulation.

Cosmetics can contain harmful compounds such as heavy metals. Several metals have a cumulative effect on the body, especially fatty tissues, and may have different health effects on the human body over the long term. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the health risks of heavy metals in cosmetics in Iran. Also, in this study, Monte Carlo simulation was used to investigate uncertainties. In this study, heavy metals data of cosmetics were extracted from studies carried out at intervals 2010-2018. International and Iranian databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, Springer, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Irandoc, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Information Institute for Scientific (ISC) were searched for this purpose. In this study, the index of the Margin of Safety was calculated to determine the risk of human contact with metallic impurities in cosmetic products used by humans. In the selected period, 11 studies were conducted on the measurement of heavy metals in cosmetics in Iran. In these studies, cosmetics such as eye shadow, eye pencil, powder, cream, and lipstick were studied. The Margin of Safety (MoS) values calculated for different metals were higher than the established safe standard by WHO. The highest and lowest amount of systemic exposure dosage in all types of cosmetic investigated (lipstick, cream, eye pencil, face powder, and eye shadow) was related to Fe and Hg. The mean hazardous quotient (HQ) for Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, and Hg was 1.05E-03, 1.03E-01, 7.95E-03, 2.59E-03, 1.05E-03, 4.98E-03, 7.22E-04, 1.85E-01, and 1.35E-05, respectively. The highest HQ (6.10E-01) was found for Pb, which was observed in the cream.

Non-Carcinogenic Health Risk Assessment due to Fluoride Exposure from Tea Consumption in Iran Using Monte Carlo Simulation.

Excessive intake of fluoride can cause adverse health effects. Consumption of tea as a popular drink could be a potential source of fluoride exposure to humans. This research aimed to evaluate the fluoride concentration in tea among the Iranian people using the available data in the literature and to assess the health risk related to the consumption of tea in men, women, and children. The health risk assessment was conducted using the chronic daily intake and hazard quotient according to the approach suggested by the Environmental Protection Agency. The fluoride content in published studies varied noticeably, ranging from 0.13 to 3.27 mg/L. The results revealed that the hazard quotient (HQ) in age groups of women (21-72 years) and children (0-11 years) was within the safe zone (HQ < 1) which showed that there was no potential of non-carcinogenic risk associated with drinking tea in these groups. However, in one case of the men (21-72 years), the HQ > 1 which shows a probable risk of fluorosis. The order of non-carcinogenic health risks in the studied groups was in the order of men > women > children. The results of this can be useful for organizations with the responsibility of human health promotion.

Improvement of montmorillonite adsorption capacity for lead ions by modifying with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride: Characterization, modelling and optimization studies.

Heavy metal pollutants, particularly Pb are considered as critical contaminants causing harmful health risks for a human. In this study, montmorillonite modified with hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride surfactant (N-HTAC) was applied as a new adsorbent for the Pb+2 adsorption from aqueous solutions. The N-HTAC was characterized by the scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. The central composite design using R software was chosen for modelling the effect of operating parameters. Based on the findings obtained from the analysis of variance, reduced full second-order model with multiple R2, 0.94, adjusted R2, 0.93, and LoF, 0.96, was represented satisfactory adjustment with experimental data. The Solver "add-ins" was employed to gain the optimum conditions for the modelling. The optimum operating points giving the maximum Pb+2 removal (99.99%), were found to be initial Pb+2 concentration: 0.1 mg L1- adsorbent dosage: 4.33 g L-1, HTAC dosage: 4.19 g L-1, pH: 7.13, temperature: 28.06ºC, and the reaction time: 103.4 min. The findings of the study showed that by enhancing and improving natural adsorbents, a significant amount of environmental pollutants can be eliminated. •In this study, a new modified adsorbent (N-HTAC) was used to remove lead ions.•The results of this study showed that the N-HTAC used has high efficiency (99.99%) in the removal of lead.•The results of this study and the data obtained can be used to supplement the information on the removal of contaminants with adsorbents.

Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water of Khorramabad, Iran.

The continuous urbanization and industrialization in many parts of the world and Iran has led to high levels of heavy metal contamination in the soil and then on the surface and groundwater. In this study, the concentrations of 8 heavy metals were determined in forty water samples along distribution drinking water of Khorramabad, Iran. The ranges of heavy metals in this study were lower than EPA and WHO drinking water recommendations and guidelines and so were acceptable. The mean values of CDItotal of heavy metals concentrations in adults were found in the order of Zn > Ba > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cu > Cd > Mo. The health-risk estimation indicated that total hazard quotient (HQing + HQderm) and hazard index values were below the acceptable limit, representing no non-carcinogenic risk to the residents via oral intake and dermal adsorption of water. Moreover, the results of total risk via ingestion and dermal contact showed that the ingestion was the predominant pathway. This study also presents that the carcinogenic risk for Pb, Cr, Cd and Ni were observed higher than the acceptable limit (1 × 10-6). The present study will be quite helpful for both inhabitants in taking protective measures and government officials in reducing heavy metals contamination of urban drinking water. •The data analyzed in this study show a clear situation regarding the quality of drinking water in Khorramabad.•The results of this study can be used to improve and develop the quality of drinking water that directly affects the health of consumers.•The present study will be quite helpful for both inhabitants in taking protective measures and government officials in reducing heavy metals contamination of urban drinking water.

Distribution of fluoride contamination in drinking water resources and health risk assessment using geographic information system, northwest Iran.

This paper considers exposure to the concentration of fluoride in drinking water resources of Showt city in West Azerbaijan Province in, Iran, and its related potential health risk assessment issues to the resident populations. For this purpose, 88 drinking water samples were analyzed in 2016 by using the spectrophotometric method. Non-carcinogenic health risks due to F exposure through consumption of drinking water were assessed using the US EPA method. In addition, the associated zoning maps of the obtained results were presented using a geographic information system (GIS). The results indicated that fluoride concentration in drinking water ranged from 0.0 to 5.5 mg L-1 of the study area. Based on this research, 36.36% of the samples had a fluoride level higher than the permissible level, 13.63% had less than the permissible limit, and 50% of the samples had a level within the optimum limit of 0.5-1.5 mg L-1. The Hazard Quotient index (HQ) for children, teenager and adults had health hazards (HQ > 1) in 54.55%, 31.82%, and 22.73% of samples, respectively. Groundwater resources having a risk of more than one were located in the villages of Khilajajam, Kolos, and Shorboulagh. So, in these study areas, there are potential risks of dental and skeletal fluorosis.

Estimate the effective dose of gamma radiation in Iran cities: lifetime cancer risk by Monte Carlo simulation model.

Background radiation can be different in both indoor and outdoor places. Background radiation is always in the environment, and all people in the community are constantly exposed to it. The most important source of exposure to gamma ray is natural radionuclides. Gamma rays can have harmful effects on the human body. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health risk of gamma-ray exposure and to simulate using the Monte Carlo simulation. In this study, gamma-ray data were extracted from the studies carried out at intervals January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2018. Iranian and international databases were used to search for the articles. A total of 11 studies were found. To determine the health effects of gamma-ray radiation, the annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk were calculated. To determine the uncertainty, a health risk assessment was conducted via Monte Carlo simulation. In outdoor, the mean, highest, and lowest absorbed dose of gamma ray were 117.82 nSv/h, 295.17 nSv/h, and 49 nSv/h, respectively. Ardabil Province and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province have the highest and lowest gamma ray concentrations, respectively. In indoor, the mean, highest, and lowest absorbed dose of gamma ray were 118.22 nSv/h, 141 nSv/h, and 60.2 nSv/h, respectively. The last column, the mean, maximum, and minimum of excess lifetime cancer risk values for gamma-ray radiation were 2.45E-3, 4.17E-3, and 4.61E-4, respectively.

Catalytic ozonation process using a MgO nano-catalyst to degrade methotrexate from aqueous solutions and cytotoxicity studies in human lung epithelial cells (A549) after treatment.

Pharmaceutical compounds which enter the environment are classified as emerging pollutants. Among different drug compounds, anti-cancer drugs like methotrexate are of more concern due to their mutagenic, carcinogenic, and genotoxic properties. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to use catalytic ozonation processes (COPs) as novel advanced oxidation processes to degrade methotrexate from aqueous solutions. The calcination method was used to obtain a nitrate magnesium oxide nano-catalyst. The main variables considering the effect of single ozonation processes (SOPs) and COPs on the target pollutant were initial methotrexate concentration, contact time, solution pH, and MgO dosage. The BET results indicated that the surface area of the MgO nano-catalyst was 140.031 m2 g-1. Based on the BJH plot, the size of the MgO nano-catalyst and average pore volume were 44.5 nm and 0.4454 cm3 g-1, respectively. The weight percent of Mg and O was 61.09% and 38.91%, respectively. In acidic and alkaline pH, the degradation rate of methotrexate showed a higher increase in SOPs and COPs than at neutral pH. The degradation rate of methotrexate decreased with increasing concentration. By increasing the contact time, the degradation rate of methotrexate of both SOPs and COPs increased. Actually, the methotrexate degradation in COPs was faster than in SOPs. When using tert-butanol as a scavenger, the reduced removal efficiency in SOPs and COPs was 32% and 31%, respectively.

Fluoride in Iranian Drinking Water Resources: a Systematic Review, Meta-analysis and Non-carcinogenic Risk Assessment.

A systematic review, meta-analysis, and non-carcinogenic risk considering fluoride content of drinking water resources of 31 provinces of Iran among some international databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and national databases including SID and Irandoc (2011 to July 2017) were conducted. In this context, 10 articles (40 studies) with 1706 samples were included in meta-analyses and risk assessment studies. The pooled concentration of fluoride in the cold, mild, and warm weather provinces were calculated as 0.39 mg/L (95% CI 0.32-0.48 mg/L), 0.52 (95% CI 0.43-0.61 mg/L), and 0.75 (95% CI 0.56-0.94 mg/L), respectively. The pooled concentration of fluoride in Iranian drinking water resources was 0.51 (95% CI 0.45-0.57 mg/L). The minimum and maximum concentrations of fluoride content were related to Kermanshah (0.19 mg/L) and Kerman (1.13 mg/L) provinces, respectively. The HQ of fluoride in the children and adults were 0.462 and 0.077, respectively as children are more vulnerable than adults. The HQ for children and adults was lower than 1 value. Therefore, there is no considerable non-carcinogenic risk for consumers due to drinking water in Iran. Although the non-carcinogenic of fluoride in drinking water was not significant, fluoride entry from other sources, such as food or inhalation, could endanger the health of the residents of Kerman and Bushehr provinces.

Use of metal-organic framework to remove chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions.

Chromium is one of the heavy metals found in industrial wastewaters, which have highly toxic to human beings and the environment. Exposure with it may cause some hazard diseases including stomach ulcers, liver, vomiting, kidney and nerve tissue damage, cancer in the lungs, and eventually death. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Uio-66 and ZIF-8 in removing chromium from aqueous solutions. For the synthesis of Uio-66 and ZIF-8, hydrothermal and sol-gel methods were used, respectively. The prepared Uio-66 and ZIF-8 were identified by FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, and BET. All experiments were done in batch conditions. Uio-66 and ZIF-8 efficiency for chromium adsorption from aqueous solutions were investigated by variables like initial concentration (10-200 mg/l), pH (3 to 11), Uio-66 and ZIF-8 dosage (0.2 to 1 g/l) and contact time (45 min). The FE-SEM image showed that the sizes of Uio-66 crystals were between 140 and 280 nm. The specific surface area and total pore volume of the prepared Uio-66 and ZIF-8 were 800 m2/g, 0.45 m3/g, 1050 m2/g, and 0.57 m3/g, respectively. The results show chromium adsorption has increased in acid conditions. Equilibrium dosage for Uio-66 and ZIF-8 was 0.4 g/l and 0.6 g/l, respectively. Adsorption equilibrium was performed after 60 min and after this time, chromium adsorption did not significantly change. The study results showed that the experimental data obtained fitted with kinetic model pseudo-order- reaction and isotherm model of Langmuir.

Magnetic chitosan nanocomposite: Fabrication, properties, and optimization for adsorptive removal of crystal violet from aqueous solutions.

Recovery of crystal violet (CV) dye was investigated using magnetic chitosan nano-composites (MCNCs) and the effects of process variables (contact time, initial CV concentration, adsorbent dose, and pH) were optimized through response surface methodology. The reliability of the RSM models (first-order model, first model with interaction, the second-order model, and reduced model) was tested by fitting the data. A comparative analysis of the results derived from the models demonstrated that the reduced model was the best. According to modelling results, MCNCs dosage and contact time were found to be the most effective variables on the adsorption efficiency procedure, respectively. Also, pH had no significant effect on the adsorption uptake statistically. MCNC has the maximum adsorption efficiency (72%) when the contact time, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration of CV were optimally set as 140 min, 1 g, and 77 mg/L, respectively. Quantity uptake of CV was evaluated using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. Based on findings, Freundlich isotherm fitted well with the experimental results. Kinetic studies showed that the pseudo-first-order model fitted the best the experimental data, which indicated that the adsorption rate of CV molecules onto MCNC was time-dependent. The studies on the well regenerability of MCNC in addition to its high potentiality of cationic dyes removal make it an attractive adsorbent in terms of dye-containing wastewaters treatment.

Removal of pollutants (COD, TSS, and NO3-) from textile effluent using Gambusia fish and Phragmites australis in constructed wetlands.

In developing countries, the discharge of polluted effluents into the environment has caused environmental problems. For this purpose, constructed wetlands are attracting great concern owing to their low cost and less operation and maintenance requirements. The main aim of this work was to study the effectiveness of constructed wetlands utilizing Phragmites australis plants and Gambusia fish in the treatment of textile effluent. The constructed wetlands are located in the eastern part of a wastewater treatment plant near a grit chamber unit. This research was carried out in four polyethene rectangular tanks with a capacity of 80 L. The tanks were filled to about 20% with sand with a porosity of 48% and the diameter of the gravel bed used in the horizontal sub-surface flow unit varied between 5 and 25 mm. The results of different tanks showed the highest and lowest removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were in the tanks containing Phragmites australis/Gambusia fish and Phragmites australis, respectively. The best tank for the removal of total suspended solids (TSS) was the tank containing the Phragmites australis and the Gambusia fish. In the tank containing the Phragmites australis plants, the removal efficiency of NO3-, COD, and TSS was in the range of 40-70, 68-72, and 49-71%, respectively. The maximum increase of nitrate, approximately 78%, was observed in tank 2, which contained only fish. In the control tank, the removal efficiency of NO3-, COD, and TSS was in the range of 0-10, 10-18, and 15-25%, respectively. The results of this study showed that if these systems were properly designed and operated, they could be used to treat various wastewaters, especially in developing countries.

Data on the bisphenol A adsorption from aqueous solutions on PAC and MgO~PAC crystals.

The compounds of endocrine disrupting are one of the important pollutants in the environment. These pollutants, even at extremely low concentrations, have significant effects on humans, animals and the environment. The main goal of this work was to study the performance activated carbon coated with MgO in the bisphenol A adsorption from aqueous solutions. The leading variables investigated were initial concentration of bisphenol A (20-100 mg/L), PAC and MgO~PAC (2-6 g), contact time (10-60 min), and pH (3-11). The residue concentration of bisphenol A was measured by temperature High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The maximum adsorption of bisphenol A over PAC and MgO~PAC crystals was 9.2 mg/g and 22.28 mg/g, respectively. Based on BET, the surface area of PAC and MgO~PAC crystals were found to be 450.3 m2/g and 378.21 m2/g, respectively. By increasing initial concentration of bisphenol A, the adsorption decreased. The study findings showed that the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order model were a fit model to the experimental data, respectively.

Data on the fluoride adsorption from aqueous solutions by metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-8 and Uio-66).

The variables examined were initial fluoride concentration, ZIF-8 and Uio-66 dosage, pH, and contact time. The residual concentration of fluoride was measured by a spectrophotometer. According to BET, the specific surface area of the ZIF-8 and Uio-66 was 1050 m2/g and 800 m2/g, respectively. Total pore volume and average pore diameter of the ZIF-8 and Uio-66 were 0.57 cm3/g, 0.45 cm3/g and 4.5 nm, 3.2 nm, respectively. The best pH for fluoride adsorption was neutral conditions. By increasing the ZIF-8 and Uio-66 dose, the fluoride uptake increased at first, but then decreased. Also, the maximum adsorption for ZIF-8 and Uio-66 was observed in adsorbent dose 0.2 and 0.6 g/L, respectively. The best model for describing kinetic and isotherms of fluoride adsorption were the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. Based on the Langmuir model, the adsorption capacity of fluoride by ZIF-8 and Uio-66 was reported to be 25 mg/g and 20 mg/g, respectively.