Clinical application of the UroLift® prostatic urethral lift in Spain: consensus on the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with urinary flow obstruction and secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an increasingly common pathology in the adult male. BPH increases after the age of 40-45 years, and its management consumes an enormous amount of resources. The UroLift® System is an approved technology designed to treat lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to BPH and is used to perform the prostatic urethral lift (PUL) procedure. Various urology specialists in Spain with experience in PUL have prepared this consensus document. Endorsed by the Spanish Urology Association, its information is based on the most recent findings. The main objective of this document is to disseminate the consensus recommendations among all professionals treating patients with LUTS/BPH. Both primary care physicians and urologists can assess and offer PUL as an effective, minimally invasive treatment.

[Radiofrequency ablation as an alternative treatment for organ confined renal tumor]. / Ablación con radiofrecuencia como alternativa de tratamiento para el tumor renal localizado.

INTRODUCTION: We report our early clinical experience associated with radiofrequency (RF) ablation in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and evaluate the efficacy, tolerability and complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of patients treated in our hospital with kidney ecoguide RF. All of them diagnosed with renal tumor and not candidates for surgery because of bilateral tumor, significant comorbidity or refusal to surgical treatment. We use an Amitech® 220 Watts generator with an electrode tip 3 cm. Straight knitting needles and hooks. Controls were performed with axial tomography at 24h, 7 days, 1, 3 and 6 months and every 6 months thereafter. RESULTS: 11 tumors, 9 patients. The mean age was 76 years (63-85 years). The average tumor size was 3.5 cm (2.2-5.8 cm). In 2 tumors was needed prior chemoembolization. In other two new RF session was needed. 9 tumors with treatment considered effective. Mean follow-up was 17.5 months (3-52 months). One patient had local recurrence at 14 months and needed a laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and two patients developed lung metastases 41.5 months after RF. There were no clinically relevant complications. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, we believe that RF is considered an alternative treatment for renal tumors with clinical stage T1 or T2 very symptomatic in patients in whom surgery is not possible, with acceptable results in the medium term, a good tolerance, reduced consumption of hospital resources and low complication rate.

[Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the bladder. A literature review]. / Histiocitoma fibroso maligno de vejiga. Revisión bibliográfica.

OBJECTIVES: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is an uncommon urinary tract tumor. This paper is intended to provide an update on its diagnostic criteria, pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, histological classification, prognostic factors, and alternative treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All published articles on MFH of the urinary bladder have been reviewed and a descriptive study has been done. RESULTS: Twenty-nine cases of MFH of the bladder have been reported. The most common morphological variants are storiform-fascicular (41%) and inflammatory (36%) MFH. Non-myxoid variants have a poorer prognosis. Stage T3 MFH was found in 72% of cases at the time of diagnosis. MFH local recurrence and distant metastasis rates were 50% and 25% respectively after surgical treatment only. CONCLUSIONS: MFH of the bladder is a tumor with high local and distant recurrence rates and a low survival rate, and therefore requires early and aggressive treatment. Radical cystectomy with lymphadenectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy is considered to be the treatment of choice, eventually associated to chemotherapy.

[Pneumoscrotum secondary to bilateral tension pneumothorax]. / Neumoescroto secundario a un neumotórax a tensión bilateral.

We present a case of pneumoscrotum due to bilateral tension pneumothorax. Although the pneumoescrotum is an uncommon and light disease it can be a symptom of a life threatening pathology. The treatment of the pnemoescrotum is ethiological. It is necessary to treat the specific disease responsible of the pneumoescrotum.

[Urethral diverticulum. Our casuistic and the literatura review]. / Divertículos uretrales. Revisión de nuestra casuística y de la literatura.

PURPOSE: The possible etiopathogenic factors, symptoms, diagnostic methods, surgical management and complications of the urethral diverticula are reviewed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of the clinical charts with urethral diverticula diagnosis during the period 1986-2006 was carried out. RESULTS: In the last 20 years a total of 19 patients have been treated for this pathology: 15 females and 4 males. Five of the females started with a sensation of vaginal mass; the rest were diagnosed of micturitional (irritative) syndrome, urinary incontinence or urinary infection. In the case of males, 3 of them had a palpable tumour in the penis. The most used diagnostic method was retrograde and voiding cystourethrography; urethrography with double-occlusion balloon catheter was used in 5 cases and urethroscopy in 4 patients; other techniques of image diagnosis like magnetic resonance imaging were necessary for the most complex cases. The treatment was the excision of the diverticulum, except for one of the females who rejected the treatment. The evolution in all treated women was successful, according to follow up 2 years after the treatment. In males, two of them had complex recurrent diverticula. CONCLUSIONS: Urethral diverticula are nosologic entities of difficult diagnosis, due to their low prevalence and their unspecific clinic, therefore diagnosis is sometimes incidental. The etiopathogenity is acquired in most cases and its surgical treatment is more challenging in males than in females probably linked to the fact that diverticula appear in urethras with previous surgery, endourologic manipulation or associated injuries.

[Radiofrequency interstitial tumor ablation (RITA) for the treatment of localised prostate cancer]. / Ablación mediante radiofrecuencia intersticial (RITA) en el tratamiento del cáncer de próstata órgano-confinado.

Radiofrequency ablation produces an irreversible destruction of prostate tissue since it reaches temperatures of 110 degrees C that leads the tumour into coagulative necrosis and, based on preliminary studies, it has shown to be a safe therapeutical alternative for localised prostate cancer. It is a non-invasive technique with scarce complications which is especially attractive for those patients whose co-morbidity precludes them from having any others procedures that require general anaesthesia or that make them to be admitted. Another valuable aspect of this treatment modality is that treatment times are short (less than 10 minutes), and controlled lesions can be predictably generated, as well as it is a feasible technique by most urologists since it requires only basic imaging experience and it could be also repeated at any time if needed. However, despite these promising results, long term follow-up are needed before conclusions about the efficacy of RITA can be drawn and, therefore, before setting its role in localised prostate cancer treatment.

[Spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage: our experience at last 10 years]. / Hemorragia retroperitoneal espontánea: nuestra experiencia en los ultimos 10 años.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Etiology, clinical features, diagnostic methods and treatment of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage were analyzed. METHODS: We report 27 cases with diagnosis of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage treated in our hospital between January 1996 and December 2005. The imaging techniques were abdominal ultrasonography, abdominal CT scan and MRI. RESULTS: The most common cause of retroperitoneal hemorrhage was renal angiomyolipoma rupture in 7 patients. Continuous flank or abdominal pain were the primary symptoms. Abdominal ultrasonography showed hematoma in 81.8% patients, but the actual etiologic diagnosis was ascertained in only 40.9% of them. Retroperitoneal hemorrhage was demonstrated by means of abdominal CT scan in all cases and bleeding origin was established in 92.6% of cases. Ten patients underwent urgent surgery while conservative treatment was attempted in the remaining 17. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, in cases of spontaneous retroperitoneal hemorrhage, CT scan is the best imaging method to establish the diagnosis and the management of such entity although it will need to be individualized for every case because it depends on the hemodinamic situation and etiologic diagnosis.

[Retroperitoneal malignant fibrous histiocytoma with contiguous organs infiltration]. / Histiocitoma fibroso maligno retroperitoneal con infiltración de organos vecinos.

Retroperitoneal tumours are extremely rare neoplasms, most of them malignant. We described the case of a 48-year-old man with a large retroperitoneal mass detected during the study of a constitutional syndrome. The mass was treated surgerically and pathological diagnosis was malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Literature is reviewed and clinical features, histological findings, radiological techniques and therapeutic management are analyzed.

[Conservative approach in major renal trauma]. / Manejo conservador de los traumatismos renales de alto grado.

INTRODUCTION: Genitourinary trauma amount to an 8-10% of abdominal trauma with the kidney being the most affected organ in 50% of cases, especially the left one. The choice of treatment will depend on the kind of lesion found in the affected renal unit and on the patient's clinical conditions. OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study are twofold: to determine the applicability of conservative treatment in major renal trauma and to assess the evaluation and emergence of possible complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have analysed 309 cases of renal trauma dealt with in our department between January 1984 and January 2006, analyzing such variables as the etiology of the trauma, associated lesions in other organs, the therapeutic approach adopted as well as the presence of complications, both in the long and short run. RESULTS: Out of a total of 309 renal trauma analyzed, a 94.1% (291 cases) were blunt renal trauma. The distribution by grade was: Grade I, 213 cases (69%); Grade II, 39 cases (12.6%); Grade III/IV, 32 cases (10.3%); Grade V, 25 cases (8%). We have given a conservative approach in the 84.6% of the grade III/IV cases (24 cases). 4 grade III nephrectomies were carried out in the Emergency Room because of haemodynamic instability, other 4 grade IV nephrectomies were done for the same reason, one of which was a partial nephrectomy, 48-72 hours after the trauma. The treatment for grade V was nephrectomy in 67%. CONCLUSIONS: According to our experience and in the light of the results obtained, we consider the conservative approach adequate for major renal trauma as long as the patient is haemodynamically stable.

[Comparative study between tobramicin and tobramicin plus ciprofloxacin in transrectal prostate biopsy prophylaxis]. / Estudio comparativo entre tobramicina y tobramicina más ciprofloxacino como profilaxis para la biopsia transrectal de próstata.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of tobramicin and tobramicin + ciprofloxacin for prevention of transrectal prostatic biopsy infectious complications. We revised our complications, microorganism most common in the infectious complications, and their sensibility. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective and randomized study in 153 patients with 157 prostatic biopsies. The 71 patients in group A were treated with intramuscular tobramicin 100 mg, one dose 30 minutes before biopsy and another one 8 hours afterwards. The 85 patients in group B were treated with the same tobramicin doses and oral ciprofloxacin 500 mg, one dose 30 minutes before biopsy and afterwards they continue with the ciprofloxacin every 12 hours during 3 days. RESULTS: we did 71 biopsies in group A and 86 in group B. 50 (31,8%) patients had hematuria, 20 (12,7%) fever, 15 (9,5%) hemospermia, 7 (4,4%) perineal pain, one (1,2%) orchiepididymitis and another one (1,2%) urinary retention. The patients who had fever were 15 of the group A and 5 of the group B (p=0,004). A total of 15 (21,1%) patients with fever of the group A needed to be treated in the hospital and 3 patients (3,5%) of the group B (p=0,0006). E. coli growthed in 67% of the blood cultures and amoxicillin-clavulanic, tobramicin and third generation of cephalosporins were the antibiotics more eficacious. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylaxis scheme with tobramicin plus ciprofloxacin was more efficacy that tobramicina alone in transrectal prostatic biopsy. Hematuria was the most common complication. E. coli was the microorganism most frequent in infectious complications after prostatic biopsy and amoxicillin-clavulanic, tobramicin and third generation of cephalosporins the most effective antibiotics in our hospital.

[Conservative surgery of bilateral renal angiomyolipoma during pregnancy]. / Cirugía conservadora del angiomiolipoma renal bilateral durante el embarazo.

The existence of bilateral renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is fairly infrequent, especially when not associated with such syndromes as tuberous sclerosis or linfangioleimiomatosis. Here we present the case of a 40-year-old woman who was accidentally diagnosed at week 33rd of gestation by an ultrasound, of bilateral renal AML and that could be treated with kidney sparing conservative treatment. We have also done a review of the literature focusing on its management and its relationship with pregnancy.

[Infected urachal cyst during childhood]. / Quiste de uraco infectado en edad infantil.

Urachal cysts are congenital anomalies detected predominantly during the childhood. They are often diagnosed when an infection occur mimicking a variety of acute intra-abdominal or pelvic processes. We present a case in a 7-year-old female infant, diagnosed of infected urachal cyst. The embryologic origin of this anomaly, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

[Foreign bodies in the urethra and bladder: our experience]. / Cuerpos extraños uretrovesicales: nuestra experiencia.

We report the urethra and bladder foreign bodies seen in our department from 1976 to September 2004. We review the kind of the foreign bodies, the psychological profile of the patient, the clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment. We also review the literature about this matter.

[Prostatic abscess: report of a case and review of the literature]. / Absceso prostático: revisión de la literatura y presentación de un caso.

Prostatic abscess is an uncommon entity nowadays due to widely use of antibiotics, however, in some patients, because of the seriousness, a quick diagnosis and interventionist treatment is required. We report a case of a 78 year-old male patient who had a torpid evolution and needed an urgent prostatectomy. We review ethiopathogenic factors, clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment of this uncommon entity.