Case presentation of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia with concomitant cemento-ossifying fibroma discovered during implant explantation.

A 39-year-old African American woman presented for treatment of a symptomatic mandibular right first molar with a large, periapical radiolucency. After initial attempts at endodontic therapy, this tooth was ultimately extracted owing to unabated symptoms. The extraction site underwent ridge preservation grafting, implant placement, and restoration. After 26 months of implant function, the patient returned with clinical symptoms of pain, buccal swelling, and the sensation of a "loose" implant. This case report details a diagnosis of 2 distinct disease entities associated with the implant site, a cemento-ossifying fibroma and florid cemento-osseous dysplasia of the mandible. This diagnosis was determined from clinical, surgical, radiographic, and histopathologic evidence after biopsy and removal of the previously osseointegrated implant following postinsertion failure by fibrous encapsulation. Before implant therapy, it is essential to conduct a thorough radiographic evaluation of any dental arch with suspected bony lesions to prevent implant failure.

Improvised explosive devices and the oral and maxillofacial surgeon.

Improvised explosive devices have created a new class of casualties that presents a unique surgical challenge for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The injury pattern and severity are different from those seen in conventional trauma patients. Because of battlefield circumstances, patients are sometimes delayed significantly in their transport to a trauma center, and they frequently arrive at a trauma center with hypotension, hypothermia, and acidosis. Definitive care is delayed while the hemodynamic status and life-threatening injuries are stabilized. Hospital triage protocols must be well established in advance to prepare a timely response to the mass casualty event. Proper resource use is an ever-evolving challenge for hospital staff during these times.

Oral and maxillofacial injuries experienced in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom I and II.

Penetrating, perforating, and avulsive fragmentation injuries present a unique surgical challenge for oral and maxillofacial surgeons in the Iraqi theater of operation. Maxillofacial injuries encountered in Operation Iraqi Freedom I and Operation Iraqi Freedom II have presented injury patterns not encountered previously in other large-scale armed conflicts. Current literature in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery does not cover adequately the concerns that are inherent to care and treatment planning at an echelon III facility. This article addresses clinical and surgical practice guidelines that were developed by oral surgeons in theater and from feedback they received from higher echelons of care.