Combination of Neovestitol and Vestitol Modifies the Profile of Periodontitis-Related Subgingival Multispecies Biofilm.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the combination of neovestitol-vestitol (CNV) compounds obtained from Brazilian red propolis on the microbiological profile of a mature multispecies subgingival biofilm. The biofilm with 32 bacterial species associated with periodontitis was formed for seven days using a Calgary device. Treatment with CNV (1600, 800, 400, and 200 µg/mL), amoxicillin (54 µg/mL), and vehicle control was performed for 24 h on the last day of biofilm formation. Biofilm metabolic activity and DNA-DNA hybridization (checkerboard) assays were performed. The groups treated with CNV 1600 and amoxicillin reduced 25 and 13 species, respectively, compared to the control vehicle treatment (p ≤ 0.05); both reduced P. gingivalis, while only CNV reduced T. forsythia. When the data from the two treatments (CNV and AMOXI) were compared, a statistically significant difference was observed in 13 species, particularly members of Socransky's orange complex. Our results showed that CNV at 1600 µg/mL showed the best results regarding the metabolic activity of mature biofilms and obtained a reduction in species associated with the disease, such as T. forsythia, showing a better reduction than amoxicillin. Therefore, CNV seems to be a promising alternative to eradicate biofilms and reduce their pathogenicity.

Olympics of emotions - a strategy of promoting mental health with adolescents in the school environment / Olimpíadas das emoções - uma estratégia de promoção da saúde mental com adolescentes em ambiente escolar / Olimpiada de las emociones: una estrategia de promoción de la salud mental con adolescentes en el ámbito escolar

Abstract Introduction: Psychological suffering among adolescents and strategies for the promotion of mental health exists and is necessary. Aim: To characterize the emotional demands of school adolescents and describe knowledge about protective factors of mental health. Methods: Sociopoetic research with 30 adolescents. Results/Analysis topics: "Questions of interest about emotions and mental health"; "Dealing with stress and anxiety"; "Reflections on conflict resolution and problems faced"; and "Knowledge about protective factors of mental health". Conclusions: Recreational and artistic activities are powerful for the promotion of adolescent mental health, and can be implemented through the school-health service partnership.

Resumo Introdução: O sofrimento psicológico entre adolescentes e estratégias para a promoção da saúde mental existem e são necessários. Objetivo: Caracterizar as demandas emocionais de adolescentes escolares e descrever o conhecimento sobre fatores protetores da saúde mental. Métodos: Pesquisa sociopoética com 30 adolescentes. Resultados: Temas de análise: "Questões de interesse sobre emoções e saúde mental"; "Lidar com o stresse e a ansiedade"; "Reflexões sobre resolução de conflitos e problemas enfrentados"; e "Conhecimento sobre fatores de proteção da saúde mental". Conclusões: As atividades recreativas e artísticas são potentes para a promoção da saúde mental dos adolescentes e podem ser implementadas através da parceria escola/serviço de saúde.

Resumen Introducción: El sufrimiento psicológico entre adolescentes y estrategias para la promoción de la salud mental existe y es necesario. Objetivo: Caracterizar las demandas emocionales de adolescentes escolares y describir conocimientos sobre factores protectores de la salud mental. Métodos: Investigación sociopoética con 30 adolescentes. Resultados: Temas de análisis: "Cuestiones de interés sobre emociones y salud mental"; "Cómo afrontar el estrés y la ansiedad"; "Reflexiones sobre la resolución de conflictos y problemas enfrentados"; y "Conocimiento sobre factores protectores de la salud mental". Conclusiones: Las actividades recreativas y artísticas son poderosas para la promoción de la salud mental de los adolescentes y pueden implementarse a través de la asociación escuela-servicio de salud.

Effect of seasonality and estuarine waters on the phytoplankton of the Guamá River (Belém, Amazon, Brazil).

This study aimed to analyze the application of the Phytoplankton Community Index-PCI and Functional Groups-FG in determining the water quality of the Guamá River (Pará, Amazônia, Brazil). Samplings occurred monthly for analyses of phytoplankton and physical and chemical parameters, for two years, at the station where water was collected for human supply consumption. Seasonality influenced electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, transparency, winds, true color, and N-ammoniacal. The ebb tide showed high turbidity and suspended solids. The density varied seasonally with the highest values occurring in September and December (61.1 ind mL-1 and 60.2 ind mL-1, respectively). Chlorophyll-a was more elevated in December (21.0 ± 4.7 µg L-1) and chlorophyll-c higher in relation to clorophyll- b indicated the dominance of diatoms. Functional Group P prevailed in the study months. Through the PCI índex the waters of Guamá River varied from reasonable to excellent and the TSI ranged from oligo to mesotrophic. The use of Functional Groups proved to be a promising tool in the determination of water quality since it covered the most abundant species in the Environment, but the PCI is not adequate to characterize Amazonian white-waters rivers, which have diatoms as the leading dominant group.

A biomarker approach to study the effects of polluted Brazilian urban reservoirs in a native fish.

Two of the largest water reservoirs in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil (MRSP), named Billings and Guarapiranga, are facing high levels of anthropic impact. This is evidenced by the presence of contaminants and pollutants, which are deteriorating their water quality. Therefore, this study evaluated antioxidant defense enzymes, lipoperoxidation and genotoxicity, in adult females of a native species, Astyanax altiparanae from the Guarapiranga and Billings reservoirs. The study also aimed to evaluate these biomarkers during two different periods of the year, the rainy (summer) and dry (winter) seasons. The oxidative stress was evaluated by the activity of enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferases, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the gills and liver, and the occurrence of lipoperoxidation was also evaluated in both organs. The genotoxicity was assessed by performing comet assay, micronucleus, and nuclear abnormality tests on blood samples. The results showed that fish from both reservoirs are subjected to oxidative stress and genotoxic damage, mainly during winter, but fish living in Billings showed greater alterations than fish from Guarapiranga. Likewise, the results of the principal component analysis suggested that caffeine, nitrogenous compounds, and some metals might be triggering these toxic effects in fish.

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico e desfecho de pessoas idosas hospitalizadas por COVID-19 / Clinical-epidemiological profile and outcome of old people hospitalized for COVID-19

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico e desfecho de pessoas idosas hospitalizados por COVID-19 no Hospital Universitário do Piauí. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo observacional, transversal, realizado com dados secundários envolvendo 137 prontuários de pacientes idosos internados por COVID-19 no HU durante o período de abril a dezembro de 2020. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2021. Utilizou-se um formulário formado por questões equivalentes aos dados sociodemográficos e epidemiológicos dos pacientes idosos. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o Software estatístico SPSS versão 25. Resultados Observou-se que o "uso de ventilação mecânica" (Odds Ratio: 35,96 [10,23-126,47]) e "tipo de leito de internação" (Odds Ratio: 9,40 [2,69-32,82]) foram as variáveis que melhor explicam os óbitos sendo preditoras independentes para esse desfecho. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a quantidade de comorbidades (p=0,007), a presença de manifestações clínicas (p=0,003), a quantidade de manifestações clínicas (p=0,003) e óbito. O menor tempo de sobrevida foi associado à internação em UTI e uso de ventilação mecânica (p=0,000). Conclusão: Os resultados do estudo evidenciam que a presença de fatores de risco para a COVID-19, manifestações clínicas da doença, estavam internados em leitos de UTI, em uso de VM e os que apresentavam idade superior tiveram piores desfechos. Descritores: Perfil de saúde; Saúde do idoso; Coronavirus. COVID-19.

Objective: To describe the clinical-epidemiological profile and outcome of old people hospitalized for COVID-19 at the University Hospital of Piauí. Methods:An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out with secondary data involving 137 medical records of old patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in the UH during the period from April to December 2020. Data were collected in August and September 2021. Aform consisting of questions equivalent to the sociodemographic and epidemiological data of old patients was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 25. Results: It was observed that the "use of mechanical ventilation" (Odds Ratio: 35.96 [10.23-126.47]) and "type of hospitalization bed" (Odds Ratio: 9.40 [2.69-32.82]) were the variables that best explain the deaths being independent predictors for this outcome. There was a statistically significant association between the number of comorbidities (p=0.007), the presence of clinical manifestations (p=0.003), the number of clinical manifestations (p=0.003) and death. The shorter survival time was associated with ICU admission and use of mechanical ventilation (p=0.000). Conclusion: The results of the study show that the presence of risk factors for COVID-19, clinical manifestations of the disease, to be admitted to ICU beds, using MV and those who were older had worse outcomes. Descriptors: Health profile; Health of old people; Coronavirus. COVID-19.

Photocatalytic removal of 17ß-estradiol from water using a novel bimetallic NiCu/Nb2O5 catalyst.

The development of effective photocatalytic materials is essential for removing emerging pollutants from aqueous media, such as the hormone 17ß-estradiol (E2). In this study, a novel photocatalyst based on niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) functionalized with nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) was synthesized for E2 removal. The NiCu/Nb2O5 photocatalyst was prepared using a facile wet impregnation method and characterized by various techniques. The incorporation of Ni and Cu into Nb2O5 reduced the band gap energy from 3.3 to 2.8 eV, enabling efficient utilization of visible light. Moreover, NiCu/Nb2O5 exhibited the highest E2 removal efficiency (82%) under UV-A-assisted conditions at a concentration of 1.5 g L-1. The reaction kinetics were found to follow a second-order model with a rate constant of k = 0.0020 L g-1 min-1, and a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed. Through the study of radical elimination, it was proven that the radical oxidation reaction mechanism predominated in the reaction. The results of the toxicity assays, combined with the TOC parameter, demonstrated the efficacy of photocatalytic degradation in reducing E2. These findings demonstrate the great potential of the NiCu/Nb2O5 photocatalyst for removing persistent pollutants.

Multiple biomarkers response of Astyanax lacustris (Teleostei: Characidae) exposed to manganese and temperature increase.

The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Mn (6.65 mg/L) at different exposure times (96 h, 7, 14, and 21 days) and evaluate its possible toxic effects on the fish Astyanax lacustris through multi-biomarkers and the maximum critical temperature (CT Max). The results show an increase in the Mn accumulation (liver and gills) with increasing exposure time. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity showed differences in the group exposed to Mn for 96 h compared to the group exposed for 21 days. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity increased in the fish exposed for 7 days compared to the control group. On the other hand, no genotoxic changes were observed. The CT Max showed that the loss of equilibrium of 50% of the fish occurs at a temperature of 39ºC, with and without the Mn presence. Furthermore, the catalase gene expression (oxidative stress) did not show alterations.

Calciphylaxis and skin ulcers: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

INTRODUCTION: Calciphylaxis, also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy, is a rare and severe disorder that presents with skin ischemia and necrosis. Diagnosis is challenging, and even if the condition is diagnosed in the early stages, the mortality rate is exceptionally high, ranging from 45% to 80%. CASE REPORT: A 55-year-old male with chronic kidney disease secondary to diabetic nephropathy presented with painful, severe, necrotic ulcers in the lower legs and underwent treatment with sodium thiosulfate, debridement of necrotic tissue, and topical oxygen therapy. Complete healing of the ulcers was achieved within 3 months. CONCLUSION: This case report raises awareness of this rare condition and details successful treatment in 1 patient.

Aplicativos móveis para autogestão da dor na doença falciforme: uma revisão integrativa / Mobile applications for pain self-management in sickle cell disease: an integrative review / Aplicaciones móviles para la autogestión del dolor en la anemia falciforme: una revisión integradora

Objetivo: identificar e descrever as características e funções dos aplicativos móveis existentes para autogestão da dor na Doença Falciforme. Método: trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, desenvolvida em maio de 2021, utilizando as bases de dados MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL-Ebsco, Web of Science™, SCOPUS, LILACS e Science Direct. Resultados: foram identificados 1.488 artigos que, após serem examinados títulos, resumos e textos na íntegra foram excluídos 1.474, resultando em 14 publicações elegíveis. As características dos aplicativos encontradas foram: idioma, público-alvo e sistema operacional aplicado. Já as funções dos aplicativos se organizam em três aspectos centrais: aquelas com interesse em apoiar o usuário na avaliação, monitoramento e intervenções diante da dor; as destinadas a avaliar a condição geral do usuário e a promover ações de manutenção e controle sobre a saúde; e as que estimulam o engajamento para adoção de práticas de autocuidado. Conclusão: o uso dos aplicativos pode auxiliar os cuidados de enfermagem dirigidos às pessoas com DF, considerando o papel essencial da enfermeira(o) em atividades estimuladoras do autocuidado. Destaca-se que a conduta da (o) enfermeira(o) inclui facilitar a compreensão das manifestações clínicas e aplicar terapias viáveis no manejo dos sintomas para controle e alívio da dor.(AU)

Objective: to identify and describe the characteristics and functions of existing mobile apps for pain self-management in Sickle Cell Disease. Method: this is an integrative literature review, developed in May 2021, using MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL-Ebsco, Web of Sci-ence™, SCOPUS, LILACS, and Science Direct databases. Results:1,488 articles were identified which, after being examined for titles, abstracts, and full texts, 1,474 were excluded, resulting in 14 eligible publications. The characteristics of the applications found were language, target audience and operating system. The functions of the applications are organized in three central aspects: those interested in supporting the user in pain assessment, monitoring and interventions; those intended to assess the user's general condition and promote health maintenance and control actions; and those that encourage engagement for the adoption of self-care practices. Conclusion: the use of apps can help nursing care for people with FD, considering the essential role of the nurse in activities that stimulate self-care. It is noteworthy that the nurse's conduct includes facilitating the understanding of clinical manifestations and applying feasible therapies in symptom management for pain control and relief. (AU)

Objetivo: identificar y describir las características y funciones de las aplicaciones móviles existentes para la autogestión del dolor en la enfermedad de Falciforme. Método: se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, desarrollada en mayo de 2021, utilizando las bases de datos MEDLINE a través de PubMed, CINAHL-Ebsco, Web of Science™, SCO-PUS, LILACS y Science Direct. Resultados: Se identificaron 1.488 artículos de los que, tras examinar títulos, resúmenes y textos completos, se excluyeron 1.474, lo que dio lugar a 14 publicaciones elegibles. Las características de las aplicaciones encontradas fueron: idioma, público-objetivo y sistema operativo aplicado. Las funciones de las aplicaciones se organizan en tres aspectos centrales: las que tienen interés en ayudar al usuario en la evaluación, monitorización e intervenciones frente al dolor; las destinadas a evaluar la condición general del usuario y a promover acciones de mantenimiento y control sobre la salud; y las que estimulan el compromiso para la adopción de prácticas de autocuidado. Conclusión: el uso de apps puede ayudar a los cuidados de enfermería a personas con DF, considerando el papel esencial de la enfermera en actividades que estimulen el autocuidado. Cabe destacar que la conducta de la enfermera incluye facilitar la comprensión de las manifestaciones clínicas y aplicar terapias viables en el manejo de los síntomas para el control y alivio del dolor. (AU)

Heating Capacity and Biocompatibility of Hybrid Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia Treatment.

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide and has been responsible for millions of deaths. However, developing a satisfactory smart multifunctional material combining different strategies to kill cancer cells poses a challenge. This work aims at filling this gap by developing a composite material for cancer treatment through hyperthermia and drug release. With this purpose, magnetic nanoparticles were coated with a polymer matrix consisting of poly (L-co-D,L lactic acid-co-trimethylene carbonate) and a poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction confirmed magnetite to be the only iron oxide in the sample. Cytotoxicity and heat release assays on the hybrid nanoparticles were performed here for the first time. The heat induction results indicate that these new magnetic hybrid nanoparticles are capable of increasing the temperature by more than 5 °C, the minimal temperature rise required for being effectively used in hyperthermia treatments. The biocompatibility assays conducted under different concentrations, in the presence and in the absence of an external alternating current magnetic field, did not reveal any cytotoxicity. Therefore, the overall results indicate that the investigated hybrid nanoparticles have a great potential to be used as carrier systems for cancer treatment by hyperthermia.

«Quem confia em polícia?¼: As atitudes dos adolescentes frente à autoridade policial / "Who trusts the police?": Adolescents' attitudes towards police authority

Resumo Pesquisas têm destacado a importância da confiança entre cidadãos e autoridades para o reconhecimento das leis e a manutenção da ordem democrática. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo foi investigar os elementos que contribuem para a construção da confiança na polícia. Foi aplicado um questionário numa amostra de 743 adolescentes na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil e empregamos uma análise de regressão ordinal multinível. Os resultados indicam que os adolescentes de escolas públicas e com maior número de experiências indiretas com a polícia confiam menos na polícia; por outro lado, quando acreditam em um tratamento justo e respeitoso tendem a confiar mais. Nesse sentido, adotar uma estratégia consensual para trabalhar com o público adolescente pode ser um caminho para a construção de laços de confiança com a instituição policial.

Abstract (analytical) Research has underlined the importance of trust between citizens and authorities to achieve the recognition of laws and maintain democratic order. The aim of this article was to investigate the elements that contribute to building trust of police. A survey was conducted with a sample of 743 adolescents in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The data was analysed through multilevel ordinal regression analysis. The results of the analysis indicate that adolescents from public schools and those who have experiences with the police have lower levels of trust. On the contrary, when adolescents have received fair and respectful treatment from the police, they demonstrate higher levels of trust. Adopting a consensual approach when working with adolescents might be a way for them to build a trustbased relationship with the police.

Resumen (analítico) Las investigaciones han destacado la importancia de la confianza entre ciudadanos y autoridades para el reconocimiento de las leyes y el mantenimiento del orden democrático. Así que el objetivo de este artículo fue investigar los elementos que contribuyen a generar confianza en la policía. Se aplicó un cuestionario a 743 adolescentes de la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil, y se realizó un análisis de regresión ordinal multinivel. Los resultados indican que los adolescentes de escuelas públicas y los que tienen un mayor número de experiencias indirectas con la policía confían menos en ella; en cambio, cuando creen en un trato justo y respetuoso, tienden a confiar más. Por lo tanto, adoptar una estrategia consensuada para trabajar con adolescentes puede ser una forma de construir lazos de confianza con la institución policial.

Quality of systematic reviews of COVID-19 in people with diabetes: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the methodological quality of published systematic reviews of factors associated with COVID-19 in people with diabetes. METHOD: Systematic review with registration protocol in PROSPERO, under the number CRD42020222418. Searches were carried out from October to November 2020 in the databases of the MedLine, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, Embase and Cochrane libraries, in addition to searching the reference list of the selected studies. Systematic review studies with or without meta-analysis and without date and language restrictions were included. Data were extracted in a standardized way and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews scale. RESULTS: Twelve reviews, published between 2020 and 2021, with a predominance of the English language, systematic reviews of observational studies with meta-analysis with a sample ranging from six to 83 studies, were included. Regarding financing, most of the study reported did not receive this type of support. Regarding to the assessment of the methodological quality of the studies, three were of moderate quality, five were classified as low quality and three with critically low quality. CONCLUSIONS: The analyzed articles presented a bias in the preparation of reports on their studies, suggesting the need to use mechanisms to improve adherence to the established reporting guidelines and methodological evaluation tools.

[Quality of systematic reviews of COVID-19 in people with diabetes: A systematic review]. / Calidad de las revisiones sistemáticas de COVID-19 en personas con diabetes: una revisión sistemática.

Objective: To investigate the methodological quality of published systematic reviews of factors associated with COVID-19 in people with diabetes. Method: Systematic review with registration protocol in PROSPERO, under the number CRD42020222418. Searches were carried out from October to November 2020 in the databases of the Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Embase and Cochrane Library, in addition to searching the reference list of the selected studies. Systematic review studies with or without meta-analysis and without date and language restrictions were included. Data were extracted in a standardized way and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews scale. Results: Twelve reviews, published between 2020 and 2021, with a predominance of the English language, systematic reviews of observational studies with meta-analysis with a sample ranging from 6 to 83 studies, were included. Regarding financing, most of the study reported did not receive this type of support. Regarding to the assessment of the methodological quality of the studies, 3 were of moderate quality, 5 were classified as low quality and 3 with critically low quality. Conclusions: The analyzed articles presented a bias in the preparation of reports on their studies, suggesting the need to use mechanisms to improve adherence to the established reporting guidelines and methodological evaluation tools.

Factors that Moderate the Effect of Nitrate Ingestion on Exercise Performance in Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses and Meta-Regressions.

To identify how variables such as exercise condition, supplementation strategy, participant characteristics and demographics, and practices that control oral microbiota diversity could modify the effect of inorganic nitrate ingestion (as nitrate salt supplements, beetroot juice, and nitrate-rich vegetables) on exercise performance, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis. Studies were identified in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Eligibility criteria included randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of inorganic nitrate on exercise performance in healthy adults. To assess the variation in effect size, we used meta-regression models for continuous variables and subgroup analysis for categorical variables. A total of 123 studies were included in this meta-analysis, comprising 1705 participants. Nitrate was effective for improving exercise performance (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.101; 95% CI: 0.051, 0.151, P <0.001, I2 = 0%), although nitrate salts supplementation was not as effective (P = 0.629) as ingestion via beetroot juice (P <0.001) or a high-nitrate diet (P = 0.005). Practices that control oral microbiota diversity influenced the nitrate effect, with practices harmful to oral bacteria decreasing the ergogenic effect of nitrate. The ingestion of nitrate was most effective for exercise lasting between 2 and 10 min (P <0.001). An inverse dose-response relation between the fraction of inspired oxygen and the effect size (coefficient: -0.045, 95% CI: -0.085, -0.005, P = 0.028) suggests that nitrate was more effective in increasingly hypoxic conditions. There was a dose-response relation for acute administration (P = 0.049). The most effective acute dose was between 5 and 14.9 mmol provided ≥150 min prior to exercise (P <0.001). An inverse dose-response for protocols ≥2 d was observed (P = 0.025), with the optimal dose between 5 and 9.9 mmol·d-1 (P <0.001). Nitrate, via beetroot juice or a high-nitrate diet, improved exercise performance, in particular, in sessions lasting between 2 and 10 min. Ingestion of 5-14.9 mmol⋅d-1 taken ≥150 min prior to exercise appears optimal for performance gains and athletes should be aware that practices controlling oral microbiota diversity may decrease the effect of nitrate.

Gene expression changes in Epinephelus marginatus (Teleostei, Serranidae) liver reveals candidate molecular biomarker of iron ore contamination.

Wastes from iron ore mining activities are potentially damaging to adjacent aquatic ecosystems. We aimed to determine biomarkers of environmental exposure to this xenobiotic in the dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus by differential gene expression analysis. For this, fish were exposed to iron ore (15.2 mg/L) and gene expression in liver was assessed by RNA-Seq and compared to the control group. A total of 124 differentially expressed genes were identified, from which 52 were upregulated and 72 were downregulated in response to iron ore. From these, ferritin (medium subunit), cytochrome b reductase and epoxide hydrolase genes were selected for validation by RT-qPCR that confirmed the upregulation of epoxide hydrolase in fish exposed to iron ore.

Neurotoxic, biotransformation, oxidative stress and genotoxic effects in Astyanax altiparanae (Teleostei, Characiformes) males exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac and/or caffeine.

The present study evaluated neurotoxic, biotransformation, genotoxic and antioxidant responses to relevant environmental concentrations of diclofenac (0.4 µg L-1) and caffeine (27.5 µg L-1), separate and combined, in adult males of the freshwater fish Astyanax altiparanae after a subchronic exposure (14 days). Fish exposed to diclofenac and caffeine, both separate and combined, revealed a neurotoxic effect through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the muscle, while diclofenac alone and in combination caused cyclooxygenase inhibition. Caffeine alone produces genotoxicity on this species but, when combined with diclofenac, it potentiates hepatic lipoperoxidation and the inhibition of oxidative stress enzymes, while diclofenac alone or in combination produces a general inhibition of important enzymes. This study suggests that aquatic contamination produced by these pharmaceuticals has the potential to affect homeostasis and locomotion in A. altiparanae and compromise their immune system and general health.

Cycle ergometer training and resistance training similarly increase muscle strength in trained men.

The aim of this study was to compare two different maximal intensity exercise modality training protocols of similar durations on muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and lower limb composition in recreationally trained men. Twenty-five trained men (28.9 ± 5.6 years) were randomly divided into Cycle ergometer (4 sets of 30 seconds sprints) and Leg press (4 sets of 10-12 repetitions to momentary failure). Both groups trained three times a week for 5 weeks. Before and after the training period, the participants performed a 10-repetition maximum (10RM) test for knee extension, an incremental exercise test on a treadmill for time to exhaustion (TTE) and peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak) and underwent dual energy X-ray absorptiometry to assess lower limb composition. Knee extension 10RM and TTE increased in both groups with no statistically significant between group (p = 0.614 and p = 0.210). Only cycle ergometer group increased V˙O2peak (p = 0,012). For all lower limb composition outcomes, changes were minimal. The results suggest that 5 weeks of effort and duration matched exercise protocols using cycle ergometer training or leg press may produce similar strength adaptations.

Biodiversity and interannual variation of cyanobacteria density in an estuary of the brazilian Amazon.

The influence of environmental variables on planktonic biodiversity is widely known. However, the absence of information about the cyanobacterial community in tropical estuarine regions motivated this work, whose objective was to investigate the spatio-temporal variation of cyanobacterial density related to physicochemical factors in a Brazilian Amazonian estuary. For the qualitative and quantitative study of cyanobacteria and physicochemical variables, samples were collected in April/July/2009 and April/August/2010. We identified 31 species of the orders Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales and Nostocales. Species of the genera Aphanocapsa, Dolichospermum, Komvophoron, Microcystis, Pseudanabaena and Merismopedia were frequent and abundant throughout the study period. Some of the found genera have already been described as potential toxin producers. The dynamics of cyanobacteria were temporal, the highest densities occurred in 2010 (average= 1080.86 ± 702.86 cells.mL-1) mainly influenced by the high values of pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, ammonium nitrogen which led cyanobacteria to present different responses in terms of richness, density and diversity between the years.

Saúde da população negra e as ações educativas de uma escola do SUS em tempos de pandemia da covid-19 / Health of the black population and the educational actions of school from the unified health system during covid-19 pandemic / Salud de la población negra y acciones educativas de una escuela SUS en tiempos de la pandemia de covid-19

O estudo tem como objetivo evidenciar a necessidade de construção de propostas educativas que discutam o lugar do negro na sociedade brasileira e sua relação intrínseca com as determinações sociais de saúde, no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. Trata-se de um relato de experiência da primeira turma do Curso de Atualização em Cuidado à Saúde da População Negra, desenvolvido pela Escola de Saúde Pública da Bahia Professor Jorge Novis (ESPBA), em parceria com a Diretoria de Gestão do Cuidado (DGC). O referido curso nasceu da necessidade de investir na implementação da política voltada para esse segmento social. No processo de estruturação do curso, foram realizadas reuniões com atores sociais relevantes, potenciais docentes, escolhidos pela aproximação com a temática e experiência com movimentos e causas sociais. No âmbito do SUS, as Escolas de Governo são responsáveis pelos processos formativos dos trabalhadores da saúde, sob a perspectiva da educação permanente. A inserção da temática da saúde da população negra nos currículos trabalhados se tornou imagem-objetivo a ser alcançada pela instituição, não apenas a partir dos cursos desenvolvidos, mas também com a realização de um estudo piloto para enfrentamento da Covid-19 em comunidades quilombolas do estado. Reconhecendo o racismo como um dos determinantes sociais do processo de adoecimento e morte, defende-se que gestores e profissionais de saúde tenham acesso a ações educativas que oportunizem a reflexão sobre os processos sócio-históricos de construção da nossa sociedade, ampliem o conhecimento sobre a saúde da população negra e a importância do preenchimento do quesito raça/cor em todos os protocolos da rede SUS.

The study aims to emphasize the need to build educational proposals that discuss the place of blacks in Brazilian society and their intrinsic relationship with social determinations of health, in the context of the pandemic of Covid-19. This is an experience report of the first class of the Course on Updating Health Care for the Black Population, developed by Escola de Saúde Pública da Bahia Professor Jorge Novis (ESPBA), in partnership with the Department of Care Management (DGC). This course arises from the need to invest in the implementation of the policy aimed at this social segment. In the process of structuring the course, meetings were held with relevant social actors, potential teachers, chosen by the approach to the theme and experience with social movements and causes. Within the scope of the Unified Health System, the Schools of Government are responsible for the training processes of health workers, from the perspective of Permanent Education. The insertion of the theme of health of the black population in the curricula worked became an objective image to be achieved by the institution, not only from the courses developed, but also with the realization of a pilot study to confront Covid-19 in quilombola communities of the state. Recognizing racism as one of the social determinants of the process of illness and death, the article argues that managers and health professionals have access to educational actions that enable them to reflect on the socio-historical processes of building our society, expand knowledge about the health of the black population and the importance of filling the question race/color in all protocols of the Unified Health System Network.

Este estudio propone identificar la necesidad de construir propuestas educativas que discutan el lugar de los negros en la sociedad brasileña y su relación intrínseca con las determinaciones sociales de la salud, en el contexto de la pandemia de covid-19. Este es un relato de experiencia de la primera clase del Curso de Actualización de la Atención de Salud para la Población Negra, desarrollado por la Escola de Saúde Pública da Bahia Professor Jorge Novis (ESPBA) en colaboración con la Dirección de Gestión de la Atención (DGC). Este curso surge de la necesidad de invertir en la implementación de políticas dirigidas a este segmento social. En el proceso de estructuración del curso, se realizaron encuentros con actores sociales relevantes, potenciales docentes, elegidos por acercarse al abordaje del tema y por la experiencia con los movimientos y causas sociales. En el ámbito del SUS, las Escuelas de Gobierno son las responsables de los procesos de formación de los trabajadores de la salud, desde la perspectiva de la educación permanente. La inserción del tema salud de la población negra en los planes de estudio trabajados se convirtió en una imagen objetivo a alcanzar por la institución no solo a partir de los cursos desarrollados, sino también con la realización de un estudio piloto para enfrentar el covid-19 en comunidades quilombolas del estado. Al reconocer el racismo como uno de los determinantes sociales del proceso de enfermedad y muerte, se propugna que los gestores y profesionales de la salud tengan acceso a acciones educativas que les permitan reflexionar sobre los procesos sociohistóricos de construcción de nuestra sociedad, para ampliar el conocimiento sobre la salud de la población negra y la importancia de llenar la pregunta raza/color en todos los protocolos de la Red SUS.

Atendimento ao adulto em parada cardiorrespiratória: intervenção educativa para estudantes leigos / Care of adults at cardiorrespiratory stop: educational intervention for lay students

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de uma intervenção educativa, no contexto do ensino médio, sobre o tema parada cardiorrespiratória em adultos. Método: Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental, do tipo antes e depois, com abordagem quantitativa desenvolvido entre fevereiro a novembro de 2019 em uma escola da rede pública do município de Fortaleza, Ceará. Resultados: Inicialmente foram recrutados 30 estudantes, porém 10 estudantes se encaixavam dentro dos critérios de inclusão, sendo esta a amostra final. Para a realização do estudo foi utilizado um questionário estruturado, de autoria dos pesquisadores, composto por 10 perguntas objetivas. Após a intervenção educativa e análise dos dados, foi obtida uma média de acertos de 7,225 no pós-teste comprovando através dos números a eficiência da educação em saúde realizada, pois inicialmente a média apresentada foi 4,375. Conclusão: Constatou-se que os estudantes possuíam conhecimento referente ao suporte básico de vida insuficiente, porém com grande capacidade para aprendizagem, sendo a escola um ambiente favorável para práticas educativas sobre a temática. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of an educational intervention, in the context of high school, on the theme cardiorespiratory arrest in adults. Methods: Quasi-experimental study, before and after, with quantitative approach developed between February and November 2019 in a public school in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. Results: Initially, 30 students were recruited, but 10 met the inclusion criteria, which was the final sample. To carry out the study, a structured questionnaire was used, authored by the researchers, composed of 10 objective questions. After the educational intervention and data analysis, an average of 7,225 correct answers were obtained in the post-test, proving through the numbers the efficiency of health education performed, since initially the average presented was 4,375. Conclusion: It was found that the students had knowledge related to insufficient basic life support, but with great learning capacity, and the school was a favorable environment for educational practices on the subject. (AU)

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de una intervención educativa, en el contexto de la escuela secundaria, sobre el tema del paro cardiorrespiratorio en adultos. Métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental, antes y después, con un enfoque cuantitativo desarrollado entre febrero y noviembre de 2019 en una escuela pública de la ciudad de Fortaleza, Ceará. Resultados: Inicialmente, se reclutaron 30 estudiantes, pero 10 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, que fue la muestra final. Para llevar a cabo el estudio, se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado, escrito por los investigadores, compuesto por 10 preguntas objetivas. Luego de la intervención educativa y el análisis de datos, se obtuvo un promedio de 7,225 respuestas correctas en la prueba posterior, demostrando a través de los números la eficiencia de la educación en salud realizada, ya que inicialmente el promedio presentado fue de 4,375. Conclusión: Se encontró que los estudiantes tenían conocimientos relacionados con un apoyo básico insuficiente para la vida, pero con una gran capacidad de aprendizaje, y la escuela era un ambiente favorable para las prácticas educativas sobre el tema. (AU)