Assessment of an in-house IgG ELISA targeting SARS-CoV-2 RBD: Applications in infected and vaccinated individuals.

The study evoluated an in-house Spike Receptor Binding Domain Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (RBD-IgG-ELISA) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in infected and vaccinated individuals. The assay demonstrated a sensitivity of 91%, specificity of 99.25%, and accuracy of 95.13%. Precision and reproducibility were highly consistent. The RBD-IgG-ELISA was able to detect 96.25% of Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed cases for SARS-CoV-2 infection, demonstrating positive and negative predictive values of 99,18% and 91,69%, respectively. In an epidemiological survey, ELISA, lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA), and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) exhibited diagnostic sensitivities of 68.29%, 63.41%, and 70.73%, respectively, along with specificities of 82.93%, 80.49%, and 80.49%, respectively. Agreement between RBD-IgG-ELISA/PCR was moderate (k index 0.512). However, good agreement between different assays (RBD-IgG-ELISA/LFIA k index 0.875, RBD-IgG-ELISA/ECLIA k index 0.901). Test performance on individuals' samples were inferior due to seroconversion time and chronicity. The IgG-RBD-ELISA assay demonstrated its effectiveness in monitoring antibody levels among healthcare professionals, revealing significant differences both before and after the administration of the third vaccine dose, with heightened protection levels observed following the third dose in five Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine regimens. In conclusion, the RBD-IgG-ELISA exhibits high reproducibility, specificity, and sensitivity, making it a suitable assay validated for serosurveillance and for obtaining information about COVID-19 infections or vaccinations.

Desenvolvimento de novos vetores para a produção de bibliotecas de anticorpos pelo sistema do phage display / Development of a antibody display library system targeted against vascular growth factor

Anticorpos são moléculas de grande interesse científico e farmacêutico, principalmente, devido a sua alta especificidade contra antígenos determinados. Atualmente, anticorpos monoclonais estão entre os medicamentos (biofármacos) mais vendidos do mundo. São utilizados para o tratamento das mais diversas doenças, como câncer, retinopatias, doenças inflamatórias e do sistema imune, entre outras. Nos últimos 30 anos, as tecnologias para a obtenção de anticorpos monoclonais evoluíram muito, desde a tecnologia do hibridoma, até os processos de humanização de anticorpos murinos. Entre os métodos mais utilizados para a produção de anticorpos humanos, destaca-se a tecnologia do Phage Display. Nesta técnica, os genes que codificam as regiões variáveis de imunoglobulinas são inseridos no genoma de um bacteriófago, resultando na produção de partículas virais híbridas que contém fragmentos de anticorpos em fusão com uma das proteínas do capsídeo viral. Neste trabalho, desenvolvemos novos vetores para a apresentação de fragmentos ScFv em fusão com duas proteínas das proteínas do capsídeo viral, a pIII e pVIII. Os oligonucleotídeos utilizados para amplificar os genes de imunoglobulinas foram redesenhados e para minimizar a perda do repertório durante a produção da biblioteca, avaliamos em bancos de dados enzimas de restrição que não apresentam sítios de restrição nas sequencias gênicas. Esses sítios de restrição foram utilizados para construir as regiões de clonagem do vetor Phagemid. Outra etapa crítica na produção de bibliotecas de anticorpos é a reação do PCR de overlap, que pode restringir a diversidade de anticorpos e resultar na produção de amplicons codificando anticorpos truncados. Por isso, nossos vetores foram desenhados para permitir a clonagem direta das regiões variáveis das imunoglobulinas humanas ou murinas, sem a necessidade do PCR de overlap. Nossa expectativa, é que estes novos reagentes serão mais efetivos para a produção de novas bibliotecas de anticorpos pelo sistema do Phage Display

Antibodies are molecules of great scientific and pharmaceutical interest, mainly because of their high specificity against certain antigens. Currently, monoclonal antibodies are among the best selling drugs (biopharmaceuticals) in the world. They are used for the treatment of the most diverse disorders, such as cancer, retinopathies, inflammatory and immune system diseases, among others. In the past 30 years, technologies for obtaining monoclonal antibodies has greatly evolved from hybridoma technology to the humanization processes of murine antibodies. Among the methods used for the production of human antibodies, the technology of Phage Display stands out. In this technique, the genes encoding the immunoglobulin variable regions are inserted into the genome of a bacteriophage, resulting in the production of hybrid virus particles which contain fragments of antibodies in fusion with one of the viral capsid proteins. In this work, we developed new vectors for the presentation of ScFv fragments in fusion with two proteins of viral capsid proteins, pIII and pVIII. The oligonucleotides used to amplify the immunoglobulin genes were redesigned and to minimize repertory loss during library production, we evaluated restriction enzymes in databases that lack restriction sites in the gene sequences. These restriction sites were used to construct the cloning regions of the Phagemid vector. Another critical step in the production of antibody libraries is the overlap PCR reaction, which may restrict the diversity of antibodies and result in the production of amplicons encoding truncated antibodies. Therefore, our vectors were designed to allow the direct cloning of human or murine Immunoglobulins variable regions without the need for overlap PCR. Our expectation is that these new reagents will be more effective for the production of new antibody libraries by the Phage Display system