Respiratory physical therapy techniques recommended for patients with cystic fibrosis treated in specialized centers.

BACKGROUND: Respiratory therapy is a part of the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, there is no information about the main factors influencing the recommendation of the use of different techniques or devices by physical therapists from different specialized centers. OBJECTIVE: To determine the respiratory therapy techniques recommended for the treatment of patients with CF seen in specialized treatment centers in Brazil. METHODS: This is a descriptive study including a sample of Brazilian CF specialized treatment centers. Data on demographics, spirometric variables, and recommended respiratory therapy treatment techniques were collected. RESULTS: Twelve specialized treatment centers with a total of 974 patients were included (13.5±11.3 years old and FEV1 (%) 75.7±27.9). The most recommended techniques were huffing (61.1% of patients), high frequency oral oscillation (HFOO) (52.0%), and positive expiratory pressure (PEP) (45.3%). Most often, recommendation was to perform treatment once (54.8% of patients) or twice (34%) a day. There was great variability in the recommendation among the different states. When data were separated by age, there was a predominance of performing conventional and manual techniques in infants and preschool children. There were no significant variations according to pulmonary function. Based on the literature, techniques based on volume, huffing, and PEP were most prevalently performed in international centers. CONCLUSION: The most recommended treatment techniques for patients with CF in Brazil are huffing, HFOO, and PEP, followed by volume-based techniques. There were geographical variations in the preferred treatment techniques, as well as based on patient age, but not based on the level of pulmonary function.

Os impactos na capacidade atencional em trabalhadores usuários de drogas / The impacts of drug use on worker's attention capacity

Contexto: O uso de drogas tem tomado grandes dimensões e repercute na saúde pública e ambiente de trabalho, expondo o indivíduo a um maior risco de acidentes de trabalho e ao comprometimento de sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho da atenção de empregados usuários de drogas e não usuários, em exame computadorizado de atenção (EAC). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo que avaliou o desempenho dos indivíduos no EAC em cada um dos seus parâmetros ("omissão", " erros", "média do tempo de reação" e "variabilidade do tempo de reação"). Nas análises, foram utilizadas a descritiva, o Teste t, o Teste de Mann-Whitney e as correlações múltiplas. Resultados: Foram selecionados 23 controles (PC) e 23 dependentes químicos (DQ), dos quais 9 faziam uso de 3 tipos de drogas ou mais, sendo que a substância prevalente foi o álcool (100,00%) e a associação mais frequente foi deste com a cocaína (69,56%). No que tange ao EAC, os valores obtidos de média±desvio padrão para os parâmetros avaliados foram 502,39±57,16 no grupo DQ e 445,52±37,95 no grupo PC, para "média do tempo de reação"; e 92,96±26,48 no grupo DQ e 66,26±11,86 no grupo PC, para "variabilidade no tempo de reação". Os valores de mediana e erro padrão obtidos foram 1,19±4,46 no grupo DQ e 0,00±0,00 no grupo PC, para "omissão"; 3,57±1,98 no grupo DQ e 1,19±0,30 no grupo PC, para "erros". Conclusão: Observou-se a prevalência do uso de álcool, principalmente em associação com cocaína. Sobre a atenção, os resultados demonstraram que, independente do parâmetro, todos os valores são inferiores aos encontrados em controles normais (p<0,05), demonstrando que o uso de qualquer tipo de droga compromete o desempenho atencional, podendo limitar atividades laborais e gerar impacto nas atividades de vida diária, colocando em risco a saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores. Palavras-chave | atenção; testes neuropsicológicos; saúde do trabalhador; transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias.(AU)

Context: The use of drugs has large effects in public health and the working environment, potentially exposing workers to the risk of accidents and compromising their quality of life. Objectives: To compare the attention span between drug users and normal employees (controls), using a computerized test of their attention. Methods: The design of this study was retrospective, evaluating the performance of individuals with a test in each of its parameters ("omission", "errors", "average reaction time" and "variability of reaction time").Thus, the descriptive analysis included t and Mann-Whitney tests and multiple correlations. Results: The current study selected a total of 23 controls (PC) and 23 drug users (DQ), of which 9 were using 3 or more different types of drugs; the most prevalent substance was alcohol (100.00%) and the most frequent association was alcohol and cocaine (69.56%). Based on the computerized attention test, the values of mean±standard deviation were 502.39±57.16 for the chemically dependent group and 445.52±37.95 for the control group to "average reaction time"; 92.96±26.48 for the chemically dependent group and 66.26±11.86 for the control group to "variability in reaction time". The median and standard error values were 1.19±4.46 for the chemically dependent group and 0.00±0.00 for the control group to "omissions"; 3.57±1.98 for the chemically dependent group and 1.19±0.30 for the control group to "errors". Conclusion: It was possible to observe a higher prevalence of alcohol abuse especially in combination with cocaine. The results showed that regardless of the parameters all the result scores are lower than those found in normal controls (p<0.05), showing that the use of any type of drug may influence attentional performance, restrict labor activities and impact other daily activities resulting in damage to the health and safety of employees.(AU)