RESUMO
Introducción: La enfermedad de Kawasaki, una vasculitis aguda de origen desconocido, es actualmente la principal causa de cardiopatía adquirida durante la infancia y sus principales secuelas están relacionadas con las arterias coronarias, por lo que el reconocimiento temprano de la probabilidad de daño coronario posibilita el tratamiento oportuno para disminuir su ocurrencia. Objetivos: Determinar la probabilidad de sufrir daño coronario en pacientes con enfermedad de Kawasaki, reconocer los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de lesión coronaria y la evolución a largo plazo de estos pacientes. Material y métodos: Se diagnosticó enfermedad de Kawasaki en 245 niños (octubre 1988 - diciembre 2013) con edad media de 3,48 años. Las variables analizadas fueron: edad, sexo, criterios clínicos y de laboratorio de enfermedad de Kawasaki, hallazgos ecocardiográficos y evolución a largo plazo. Se calculó el odds ratio para evaluar las diferentes variables analizadas como probables factores de riesgo de enfermedad coronaria. Resultados: Presentaron daño coronario 39 pacientes: 25 varones y 14 mujeres; edad media: 2,05 años. Se identificaron como factores de riesgo la edad < 3 años, la fiebre prolongada = 6 días, la eritrosedimentación > 50 mm/h, la proteína C reactiva > 100 mg/L y el hematocrito < 30%. Trece pacientes mostraron dilatación transitoria de las arterias coronarias, 12 pacientes aneurismas solitarios de tamaño pequeño o mediano, 7 pacientes aneurismas coronarios múltiples, 6 pacientes aneurismas coronarios gigantes y uno infarto agudo de miocardio por lesión obstructiva grave. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 4. Conclusiones: La probabilidad de presentar daño coronario en pacientes con enfermedad de Kawasaki fue del 15,91%. Los factores de riesgo para lesión coronaria detectados fueron: edad menor de 3 años, 6 o más días de fiebre, eritrosedimentación > 50 mm/h, proteína C reactiva > 100 mg/L y hematocrito < 30%. En los pacientes con daño coronario residual persistente tratados en forma convencional no hubo eventos adversos durante el seguimiento a mediano y a largo plazos.
Background: Kawasaki disease, a vasculitis of unknown origin, is currently the main cause of acquired heart disease during childhood and its main sequelae are associated with coronary arteries. Therefore, early identification of possible coronary lesions enables adequate treatment to decrease their occurrence. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the probability of coronary injury in patients with Kawasaki disease, to identify the risk factors for developing coronary lesions and the long-term outcome of these patients. Methods: A total of 245 children with mean age of 3.48 years were diagnosed with Kawasaki disease between October 1988 and December 2013. Age, sex, clinical and laboratory criteria of Kawasaki disease, echocardiographic findings and long-term outcome were analyzed, and the odds ratio was used to assess their participation as probable risk factors for coronary lesions. Results: Thirty-nine patients presented coronary lesions: 25 male and 14 female patients with mean age of 2.05 years. Risk factors were: age < 3 years; prolonged fever = 6 days, erythrocyte sedimentation rate > 50 mm/hr; C-reactive protein > 100 mg/l and hematocrit < 30%. Thirteen patients showed transient coronary artery dilation, 12 solitary small or medium-sized aneurysms, 7 multiple coronary aneurysms, 6 giant coronary aneurysms and one myocardial infarction by severe obstructive lesion. In-hospital mortality was 4. Conclusions: Risk of coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease was 15.91%. Risk factors were age under 3 years, fever lasting more than 6 days, erythrocyte sedimentation rate > 50 mm/hr; C-reactive protein > 100 mg/L and hematocrit < 30%. In patients with persistent residual coronary lesions treated conventionally there were no adverse events in the mid- and long-term follow-up.
RESUMO
We have previously shown that subjects exposed to acute hypobaric hypoxia display an erythrocyte membrane protein band 3 with an increased susceptibility to proteolytic degradation. We suggested it was due to an oxidative damage of band 3. We now report that exposure to hypobaric hypoxia followed by reoxygenation affects protein band 3 functions such as anion transport and binding of glyceraldehyde-3P-dehydrogenase. Transport capacity was assessed with the fluorescent probe 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino] ethanesulfonate (NBD-taurine). Binding capacity was evaluated from the activity of the membrane-associated enzyme. Healthy young men were exposed for 20 min to hypobaric hypoxia, simulating an altitude of 4,500 m above sea level and after recompression band 3 function was assessed. An inhibition of band 3 anion transport function and a decrease in the binding of glyceraldehyde-3P-dehydrogenase to band 3 were observed. Evidence is given supporting the hypothesis that functional alteration of band 3 is due to its oxidative modification originated as a consequence of the exposure to hypobaric hypoxia and further reoxygenation.