RESUMO
Bone scintigraphy is an extremely valuable technique in diagnosis and treatment planning for patients with condylar hyperplasia (CH). The main objective of this study was to develop an approach to determine normal activity values in the mandibular condyles, adjusted to age and sex, through quantitative analysis of bone single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) on a condyle-by-condyle basis and to compare these values with those of a control group comprising patients with confirmed CH. Technetium 99 m-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) SPECT studies of the mandibular condyles were performed in patients with no mandibular pathology for quantitative analysis. Regions of interest were drawn on slices representing the upper, middle, and inferior thirds of each condyle and on the summation of transaxial slices representing the whole condyle (three-dimensional approach). The clivus was used for internal validation and the condyle to clivus ratios were calculated. These ratios were compared between 'normal' and 'diseased' condyles. A total 144 condyles in normal patients and 25 in confirmed CH patients were analysed. Differences between the ratios were evaluated through the coefficient of variation. In normal patients, the ratios to the clivus on the summed condyle image showed the lowest variability: range 0.3-1.28 (median 0.74). The quantile regression model showed significant differences with respect to sex, but not to age. The Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences in the ratios to clivus between normal and diseased condyles (P<0.0001).
Assuntos
Côndilo Mandibular , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Humanos , Hiperplasia/patologia , Mandíbula , Côndilo Mandibular/diagnóstico por imagem , Côndilo Mandibular/patologia , Valores de Referência , Medronato de Tecnécio Tc 99mRESUMO
Larval stages of pentastomids were collected from different organs of small mammals from the Peruvian Amazon. These parasitized mammals included: a western Amazonian oryzomys (Hylaeamys perenensis), an elegant oryzomys (Euryoryzomys nitidus), a lowland paca (Cuniculus paca), two kinkajous (Potos flavus), two silvery woolly monkeys (Lagothrix poeppigii) and a brown-mantled tamarin (Leontocebus fuscicollis). Pentastomids were found in the mesentery and parenchyma of the liver and lungs of these animals. All pentastomids were morphologically identified as nymphs of Porocephalus spp. Only the nymphs collected from select animals (the western Amazonian oryzomys, the elegant oryzomys and the brown-mantled tamarin) were analysed molecularly. Molecular analysis was performed amplifying the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene from select nymphs collected from the western Amazonian oryzomys, the elegant oryzomys and the brown-mantled tamarin. The nucleotide sequences exhibited 95.8-97.7% similarity between them. Also, these sequences showed an identity of 95.8-97.9% to Porocephalus crotali (GenBank accession numbers MG559647-MG559655). Molecular analysis indicated the presence of at least two Porocephalus species. These findings represent the first record of Porocephalus in these mammals, thus adding new intermediate hosts for this pentastomid genus. This work represents the first molecular data of Porocephalus in a Neotropical climate.
Assuntos
Mamíferos/parasitologia , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/parasitologia , Pentastomídeos/anatomia & histologia , Vísceras/parasitologia , Animais , Feminino , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Fígado/parasitologia , Pulmão/parasitologia , Masculino , Ninfa/genética , Pentastomídeos/classificação , Peru , Clima TropicalRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: There is great interest in studies on the implications that gut microbiota exerts on the behavior of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Most studies on microbiota are focused on the possible involvement of bacteria on people with ASD, but few of them are focussed on the effect of microorganisms in the Fungi kingdom. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The present study performs a systematic review of the presence of Candida spp. in people with ASD using the PRISMA method. RESULTS: A total of three articles were found after applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria of the systematic review. Two studies coincided in reporting significant differences in the increase in the frequency of the Candida spp. genus in people with ASD. while the third study did not report significant differences of Candida spp. genus between people with ASD. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is a clear lack of investigation of both the Candida ssp. genus and the whole Fungi kingdom in people with ASD, the studies point to an important presence of this genre in this group. Specifically, in the results found in this review, the highest prevalence of the C. albicans in children with ASD stands out. However, little is still known about the involvement of Candida spp., and other types of fungi, on gastrointestinal symptoms and ASD symptoms, in children with ASD.
TITLE: Candida spp. en la microbiota intestinal de las personas con autismo: revision sistematica.Introduccion. Existe gran interes en los estudios sobre las implicaciones que la microbiota intestinal ejerce en el comportamiento de personas con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) a traves del eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro. La mayoria de los estudios sobre microbiota estan enfocados en la posible implicacion de las bacterias sobre personas con TEA, pero pocos versan sobre el efecto de los microorganismos del reino Fungi. Sujetos y metodos. Se realiza una revision sistematica mediante el protocolo PRISMA de la presencia de Candida spp. en las personas con TEA. Resultados. Se encontro un total de tres articulos tras aplicar los criterios de exclusion e inclusion de la revision sistematica. Dos estudios coincidieron en mostrar diferencias significativas en el aumento de la frecuencia del genero Candida spp. en personas con TEA, mientras que en otro no se hallaron diferencias. Conclusiones. Pese a que existe una clara falta de investigacion tanto del genero Candida ssp. como de todo el reino Fungi en las personas con TEA, los estudios apuntan a una importante presencia de dicho genero en este colectivo. Concretamente, en los resultados encontrados se destaca la mayor prevalencia del genero C. albicans en los niños con TEA. Sin embargo, aun se sabe poco sobre la implicacion de Candida spp. y otros tipos de hongos sobre los sintomas gastrointestinales y la sintomatologia del autismo en niños con TEA.
Assuntos
Transtorno Autístico/microbiologia , Candida , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , HumanosRESUMO
Restricted and repetitive behavior (RRB) is one of the two key diagnostic features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). DSM-5 highlights the importance of severity-based diagnostic modifiers assigned on the basis of intensity of needed supports. Therefore, there is a need for available measures that assess the severity of RRB. The repetitive behavior scale-revised (RBS-R) is probably the most used informant-based rating scale for the assessment of RRB and interests observed in ASD. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the RBS-R in a sample of 233 participants with ASD, aged 3 to 63 years. Results revealed a six-factor model, good internal consistency, and concurrent-divergent validity. These findings suggest the utility of the Spanish version of RBS-R.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista/diagnóstico , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/psicologia , Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos/epidemiologia , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Psicometria , Espanha/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre duración y dispersión del QRS con la aparición de arritmias ventriculares en las fases iniciales del infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM). Diseño Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo longitudinal. Ámbito Hospital General Universitario ®Camilo Cienfuegos¼ de Sancti Spíritus, Cuba. Atención secundaria. Pacientes o participantes Doscientos nueve pacientes con diagnóstico de IAM con elevación del segmento ST entre enero de 2012 y junio de 2014. Variables principales de interés Se midieron la duración y dispersión del QT, QTc y QRS del primer electrocardiograma hospitalario y se determinó la presencia de taquicardia/ fibrilación ventricular en el seguimiento (estancia hospitalaria). Resultados Se detectaron arritmias en 46 pacientes (22 por ciento), en 25 (15,9 por ciento) estas fueron ventriculares; más frecuentes en el IAM anterior extenso, que fue responsable del 81,8 por ciento de las fibrilaciones ventriculares y más de la mitad (57,1 por ciento) de las taquicardias ventriculares. La duración del QRS (77,3±13,3 vs. 71,5±6,4ms; p=0,029) y su dispersión (24,1 ±16,2 vs. 16,5±4,8ms; p=0,019) fue superior en las derivaciones afectadas por la isquemia. Los mayores valores de todas las mediciones se presentaron, con diferencia significativa, en el IAM anterior extenso: QRS 92,3±18,8ms, dQRS 37,9±23,9ms, QTc 518,5±72,2ms y dQTc 94,9±26,8ms. Los pacientes con mayores valores de dispersión del QRS tuvieron más probabilidad de presentar arritmias ventriculares, con puntos de corte de 23,5ms para la taquicardia y de 24,5ms para la fibrilación ventricular. Conclusiones El incremento de la duración y dispersión del QRS mostró mayor probabilidad de aparición de arritmias ventriculares en las fases iniciales del IAM que los incrementos del intervalo QTc y su dispersión.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Lown-Ganong-Levine , Arritmias Cardíacas , Infarto do MiocárdioAssuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Camelídeos Americanos , Escabiose/veterinária , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Animais Selvagens , Antiparasitários/administração & dosagem , Antiparasitários/efeitos adversos , Antiparasitários/uso terapêutico , Camelídeos Americanos/parasitologia , Esquema de Medicação/veterinária , Resistência a Medicamentos , Feminino , Ivermectina/administração & dosagem , Ivermectina/efeitos adversos , Ivermectina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Peru/epidemiologia , Escabiose/tratamento farmacológico , Escabiose/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Oxfendazole (OFZ) is efficacious for porcine cysticercosis at 30 mg/kg. OFZ is not registered to be used at this dose. The assessment of the OFZ and metabolites [(fenbendazole sulphone (FBZSO2), fenbendazole (FBZ)] plasma pharmacokinetic and tissue residue profiles after its oral administration to pigs and the withdrawal period for human consumption were reported. Forty-eight pigs allocated into two groups received OFZ (30 mg/kg) orally as a commercial (CF) or as experimental formulation (SMF). Samples (blood, muscle, liver, kidney and fat) were collected over 30 days post-treatment and analyzed by HPLC. OFZ was the main compound recovered in plasma, followed by FBZSO2 and low FBZ concentrations. OFZ AUC0-LOQ (209.9±33.9 µg·h/ml) and Cmax (5.40±0.65 µg/ml) parameters for the CF tended to be higher than those for the SMF (AUC0-LOQ: 159.4±18.3 µg h/ml, Cmax: 3.80±0.35 µg/ml). The highest total residue (OFZ+FBZSO2+FBZ) concentrations were quantified in liver, followed by kidney, muscle and fat tissue. FBZSO2 residue levels were the highest found in muscle (0.68±0.39 µg/g) and fat (0.69±0.39 µg/g). In liver and kidney the highest residues corresponded to FBZ (5.29±4.36 µg/g) and OFZ (2.86±0.75 µg/g), respectively. A withdrawal time of 17 days post-treatment was established before tissues are delivered for human consumption.
Assuntos
Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Benzimidazóis/uso terapêutico , Cisticercose/veterinária , Resíduos de Drogas/análise , Doenças dos Suínos/tratamento farmacológico , Tecido Adiposo/química , Animais , Anti-Helmínticos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Helmínticos/farmacocinética , Área Sob a Curva , Benzimidazóis/administração & dosagem , Benzimidazóis/farmacocinética , Cisticercose/tratamento farmacológico , Cisticercose/patologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Rim/química , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/química , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologiaRESUMO
Histoplasma capsulatum was sampled in lungs from 87 migratory Tadarida brasiliensis bats captured in Mexico (n=66) and Argentina (n=21). The fungus was screened by nested-PCR using a sensitive and specific Hcp100 gene fragment. This molecular marker was detected in 81·6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 73·4-89·7] of all bats, representing 71 amplified bat lung DNA samples. Data showed a T. brasiliensis infection rate of 78·8% (95% CI 68·9-88·7) in bats captured in Mexico and of 90·4% (95% CI 75·2-100) in those captured in Argentina. Similarity with the H. capsulatum sequence of a reference strain (G-217B) was observed in 71 Hcp100 sequences, which supports the fungal findings. Based on the neighbour-joining and maximum parsimony Hcp100 sequence analyses, a high level of similarity was found in most Mexican and all Argentinean bat lung samples. Despite the fact that 81·6% of the infections were molecularly evidenced, only three H. capsulatum isolates were cultured from all samples tested, suggesting a low fungal burden in lung tissues that did not favour fungal isolation. This study also highlighted the importance of using different tools for the understanding of histoplasmosis epidemiology, since it supports the presence of H. capsulatum in T. brasiliensis migratory bats from Mexico and Argentina, thus contributing new evidence to the knowledge of the environmental distribution of this fungus in the Americas.
Assuntos
Quirópteros/microbiologia , DNA Fúngico , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Histoplasma/isolamento & purificação , Histoplasmose/veterinária , Pulmão/microbiologia , Animais , Argentina , Sequência de Bases , Histoplasma/genética , Histoplasmose/diagnóstico , Histoplasmose/epidemiologia , Histoplasmose/microbiologia , Masculino , México , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
A single enhancing lesion in the brain parenchyma, also called an inflammatory granuloma, is a frequent neurologic diagnosis. One of the commonest causes of this lesion is human neurocysticercosis, the infection by the larvae of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium. Following the demonstration that viable cysticercosis cysts survive in good conditions for several years in the human brain, single cysticercal granulomas have been consistently interpreted as representing late degeneration of a long-established parasite. On the basis of epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory evidence detailed in this article, we hypothesize that in most cases these inflammatory lesions correspond to parasites that die in the early steps of infection, likely as the natural result of the host immunity overcoming mild infections.
Assuntos
Granuloma/etiologia , Neurocisticercose/complicações , Animais , Encéfalo/microbiologia , Encéfalo/patologia , Granuloma/epidemiologia , Granuloma/imunologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Neurocisticercose/epidemiologia , Neurocisticercose/imunologia , Taenia solium/patogenicidade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
Taenia solium cysticerci are a major cause of human seizures and epilepsy in the world. In the gastrointestinal tract of infected individuals, taeniid eggs release the oncospheres, which are then activated by intestinal stimuli, getting ready to penetrate the gut wall and reach distant locations where they transform in cysticerci. Information about oncospheral molecules is scarce, and elucidation of the oncosphere proteome could help understanding the host-parasite relationship during the first steps of infection. In this study, using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, we could identify a set of oncospheral proteins involved in adhesion, protein folding, detoxification and proteolysis, among others. In addition, we have characterized one of the identified molecules, the parasite 14-3-3, by immunoblot and immunolocalization. The identification of these oncospheral proteins represents the first step to elucidate their specific roles in the biology of the host-parasite relationship.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Helminto/análise , Proteoma/análise , Proteômica , Taenia solium/química , Animais , Western Blotting , Cromatografia Líquida , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
The aim of this work was to obtain a LMS pre-treatment applicable to industrial TCF bleaching. Kraft pulp from Eucalyptus globulus was treated at 40 degrees C/pH 3 and 60 degrees C/pH 5 for 1h using an extracellular fluid enriched in laccase produced by Pycnoporus sanguineus and acetosyringone as mediator (HBT was used as a control mediator) (L). Alkaline extraction (E) and hydrogen peroxide (P) stages were then assayed. The LEP alternative was an efficient sequence to bleach kraft pulp since the enzymatic pre-treatment boosted the subsequent chemical bleaching. The best L pre-treatment was obtained with laccase-acetosyringone at 40 degrees C/pH 3. It reduces kappa number and hexenuronic acids, increases pulp viscosity, lowers hydrogen peroxide consumption down to an 87.4% (94.0% without L) and enhances brightness up to a 59% ISO (51% ISO without L).
Assuntos
Biotecnologia/métodos , Pycnoporus/metabolismo , Acetofenonas/química , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Resíduos Industriais , Lacase/química , Luz , Oxidantes/química , Papel , Temperatura , Fatores de Tempo , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodosRESUMO
Taenia solium cysticercosis is a significant public health problem in endemic countries. The current serodiagnostic techniques are not able to differentiate between infections with viable cysts and infections with degenerated cysts. The objectives of this study were to identify specific novel biomarkers of these different disease stages in the serum of experimentally infected pigs using ProteinChip technology (Bio-Rad) and to validate these biomarkers by analyzing serum samples from naturally infected pigs. In the experimental sample set 30 discriminating biomarkers (p<0.05) were found, 13 specific for the viable phenotype, 9 specific for the degenerated phenotype and 8 specific for the infected phenotype (either viable or degenerated cysts). Only 3 of these biomarkers were also significant in the field samples; however, the peak profiles were not consistent among the two sample sets. Five biomarkers discovered in the sera from experimentally infected pigs were identified as clusterin, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, vitronectin, haptoglobin and apolipoprotein A-I.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/sangue , Cisticercose/veterinária , Análise Serial de Proteínas , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Animais , Apolipoproteína A-I/sangue , Cromatografia Líquida , Clusterina/sangue , Cisticercose/sangue , Cisticercose/diagnóstico , Feminino , Haptoglobinas/análise , Masculino , Peru , Fosfatidilcolina-Esterol O-Aciltransferase/sangue , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização e Dessorção a Laser Assistida por Matriz , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/sangue , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologia , Taenia solium , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Vitronectina/sangue , ZâmbiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The most recent neuroscientific studies have provided evidence about the existence of structural and functional abnormalities in fronto-estriatal circuits among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Those abnormalities have also been proposed as the explanation for cognitive deficits and clinical symptoms of patients with OCD. In this paper we present a review of studies that have examined the neurocognitive functioning (attention, memory and executive functions) of patients with OCD. DEVELOPMENT: Studies show mixed results in terms of selective attention and processing speed. With regards to executive functions, patients with OCD display deficit to change the focus of attention, problems in response inhibition and difficulties to generate planning strategies. Studies assessing memory indicate that these patients present an evident deficiency in non-verbal memory, while is not so clear in verbal memory. This memory deficit seems to be related to the lack in the use of effective strategies, the need for excessive testing and the appearance of the doubt. CONCLUSIONS: The vast heterogeneity of the disorder and the limitations of some studies, which do not control the influence of variables such as comorbidity and medication, do not allow more definitive conclusions. Anyway, executive functions deficit seems to be the more consistent neuropsychological deficit in OCD. Future studies should focus on the control of extraneous variables, as well as on the relationship between the cognitive processes and symptoms of OCD.
Assuntos
Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/fisiopatologia , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/psicologia , Humanos , Memória , NeuropsicologiaRESUMO
An oral infection model with Taenia solium whole proglottids was used to study host-parasite relationships and the mechanisms underlying resistance to infection in pigs. In addition, an attempt was made to link the parasitological findings to serological data. Groups of six piglets aged 1, 3 and 5 months were infected and slaughtered 3 months p.i. Circulating antibody and antigen levels were monitored weekly. At autopsy total cyst counts were performed. Although the detailed carcass dissection at necropsy revealed a high variation in the number of cysts, the trend was that the number of viable cysts decreased with the age at which the animals were infected. The kinetics of the antigen levels throughout the course of the infection differed markedly between the three age groups of the experimental infection model. In the younger animals, a fast increase in titres of circulating antigen was observed in most animals, reaching a plateau as early as 2 weeks p.i. Besides its faster increase, antigen levels in pigs infected at younger ages also reached higher levels than in older animals and were associated with weaker antibody responses. Results also demonstrated that a relationship exists between the number of cysts and the titre of circulating antigen. This is promising in view of the development of an assay to quantify the progress of an active T. solium infection and would be a useful tool in epidemiological studies to assess the infection burden and the risk of transmission of the disease. The use of specific antibody-detection assays combined with circulating antigen detection could improve our understanding of this relationship.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Helmintos/sangue , Cisticercose/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/imunologia , Taenia solium/imunologia , Fatores Etários , Animais , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/sangue , Cisticercose/imunologia , Cisticercose/parasitologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Prognóstico , Sus scrofa , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologia , Taenia solium/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
The capability of some ligninolytic fungi to degrade lignosulphonates has been studied. Three lignosulphonates concentrations, three culture media and seven different basidiomycetes in solid-cultures have been assayed to select the conditions for further experiments on submerged cultures. The best results of growth and lignosulphonate decolourization in solid-cultures were obtained with Pycnoporus sanguineus, Coriolus pubescens and Trametes sp. I-62 on Kirk's medium and 1% and 2% of lignosulphonate concentrations. In submerged cultures the lignosulphonate decolourization rate was generally higher when it was added on the 6th day, rather than when it was added from the beginning of the incubation and C. pubescens and P. sanguineus showed again the optimum results of decolourization. Extracellular laccase activity increased with lignosulphonate concentration in all assayed fungi, suggesting that lignosulphonate act as inductors of laccase activity.
Assuntos
Basidiomycota/metabolismo , Lignina/análogos & derivados , Lignina/metabolismo , Ágar , Basidiomycota/enzimologia , Basidiomycota/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Biodegradação Ambiental , Bioensaio , Cor , Lacase/metabolismoRESUMO
We study the effect of the interaction's range on the structural and kinetic properties of a computer-simulated two-dimensional aggregating colloidal system. For this purpose, we considered that the particles of the system interact through a repulsive Yukawa potential which depends on two parameters: the value of the interaction potential between particles in contact V0 and the range of the interaction kappa(d) . We observed that the increase of the interaction range or V0 provokes the arrangement of the small aggregates in linear structures. The repulsive interactions have also a strong influence on the kinetic behavior of the coagulation process. Indeed, they induce the formation of three different time-separated aggregation regimes. In the first regime (at early states) the aggregation is dominated by the range of the repulsive forces, and the cluster-cluster repulsion increases with the cluster size. The second regime (at intermediate times) is reached when the average cluster size is larger than the interaction range. Here, the cluster-cluster repulsions do not grow anymore with the cluster size, so the probability of overcoming the repulsive barrier is the same for all clusters. This corresponds with the so-called reaction-limited-cluster-aggregation regime, where more than one collision between the clusters is needed to form a bond. The third aggregation regime is found at long aggregation times. In this region the coagulation is mainly determined by the diffusion time and the kinetics becomes diffusion controlled. A physical interpretation for the transition between chain structures and the typical fractals aggregates from the point of view of the range of the interactions is discussed. Moreover, a method has been developed in order to obtain the effect of the interactions with a non-negligible range over the aggregation rates directly from the simulations. The relation between these different regions with the parameters of the interaction potential V0 and kappa(d) is analyzed.
RESUMO
Here we put forward a roadmap that summarizes important questions that need to be answered to determine more effective and safer treatments. A key concept in management of neurocysticercosis is the understanding that infection and disease due to neurocysticercosis are variable and thus different clinical approaches and treatments are required. Despite recent advances, treatments remain either suboptimal or based on poorly controlled or anecdotal experience. A better understanding of basic pathophysiologic mechanisms including parasite survival and evolution, nature of the inflammatory response, and the genesis of seizures, epilepsy, and mechanisms of anthelmintic action should lead to improved therapies.
Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Antiplatelmínticos/uso terapêutico , Pesquisa Biomédica/tendências , Neurocisticercose/diagnóstico , Neurocisticercose/terapia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Padrões de Prática Médica/tendências , Previsões , Humanos , Avaliação das Necessidades , Guias de Prática Clínica como AssuntoRESUMO
A combined (human and porcine) mass chemotherapy program was tested in a controlled design in 12 village hamlets in the Peruvian highlands. A single dose of 5 mg of praziquantel was given to eliminate intestinal taeniasis in humans, and two rounds of oxfendazole (30 mg/kg) were administered to all pigs. The total population in the study villages was 5,658 resident individuals, and the porcine population at the beginning of the study was 716 pigs. Human treatment coverage was 75%, ranging from 69% to 80%. There were only a few refusals of owners for porcine treatment of their animals. The effect of the intervention was measured by comparing incidence rates (seroconversion in pigs who were seronegative 4 months before) in treatment versus control villages, before and up to 18 months after treatment. There was a clear effect in decreasing prevalence (odds ratio, 0.51; P < 0.001) and incidence (odds ratio, 0.39; P < 0.013) in the treatment area after the intervention, which did not leave to extinction of the parasite but stabilized in slightly decreased rates persisting along the follow-up period. Mass chemotherapy was effective in decreasing infection pressure in this hyperendemic area. However, the magnitude of the effect was small and did not attain the goal of eliminating transmission.
Assuntos
Anticestoides/administração & dosagem , Benzimidazóis/administração & dosagem , Praziquantel/administração & dosagem , Teníase/epidemiologia , Teníase/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Peru/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/sangue , Doenças dos Suínos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Taenia solium , Teníase/sangue , Teníase/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Taenia solium is a cestode parasite that causes cysticercosis in humans and pigs. This study examined the antibody responses in pigs immunized with the TSOL18 and TSOL45-1A recombinant vaccines against T. solium cysticercosis. Immunization with these proteins induced specific, complement-fixing antibodies against the recombinant antigens that are believed to be associated with vaccine-induced protection against T. solium infection. Sera from immunized pigs were used to define the linear B-cell epitopes of TSOL18 and TSOL45-1A. Prominent reactivity was revealed to one linear epitope on TSOL18 and two linear epitopes on TSOL45-1A. These, and oncosphere antigens from other taeniid cestodes, contain a protein sequence motif suggesting that they may show a tertiary structure similar to the fibronectin type III domain (FnIII). Comparison of the location of linear antigenic epitopes in TSOL18 and TSOL45-1A within the proposed FnIII structure to those within related cestode vaccine antigens reveals conservation in the positioning of the epitopes between oncosphere antigens from different taeniid species.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Helmintos/imunologia , Cisticercose/veterinária , Epitopos de Linfócito B/imunologia , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologia , Taenia solium/imunologia , Vacinação/veterinária , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/sangue , Cisticercose/imunologia , Cisticercose/parasitologia , Cisticercose/prevenção & controle , Epitopos de Linfócito B/genética , Gastroenteropatias/imunologia , Gastroenteropatias/parasitologia , Gastroenteropatias/prevenção & controle , Modelos Moleculares , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Alinhamento de Sequência , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/imunologia , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Taenia solium/genética , Vacinas Sintéticas/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the commonest helminthic CNS infection and the main cause of adult-onset seizures in developing countries, also frequent in industrialized countries because of immigration from endemic zones. Although NCC is commonly seen in individuals with seizures in endemic areas, its role as a cause of epilepsy has been questioned on the basis of the poor methodology of published studies. OBJECTIVE: To determine, in a cysticercosis-endemic area of the northern Peruvian coast, the frequency of 1) epileptic seizures, 2) serum antibodies to Taenia solium, 3) NCC-compatible findings on brain CT, and 4) the associations between these variables. METHODS: A community-wide screening survey for possible seizure cases was performed using a validated questionnaire. Positive respondents were later examined in the field by neurologists. Seizure cases were categorized as single seizure, active epilepsy, or inactive epilepsy. Serology was performed for all consenting individuals using immunoblot. Noncontrast brain CT scans were performed in all individuals with seizures and two groups of control subjects without seizures (seropositive and seronegative). RESULTS: The screening survey was applied to 903 permanent residents. Most positive respondents (114/137 [83.2%]) were examined by neurologists. The overall prevalence of epilepsy was 32.1 per 1,000 and that of active epilepsy was 16.6 per 1,000. Seroprevalence was 24.2% (200/825). Seroprevalence was associated with seizures (odds ratio 2.14; p = 0.026). Brain CT abnormalities compatible with NCC were more frequent in individuals with seizures and in those seropositive. CONCLUSION: In this hyperendemic area, an important proportion of seizure cases are associated with neurocysticercosis as demonstrated by serology or brain CT.