A unique variation of the deep fibular nerve: A case report.

Deep fibular nerve is one of the two terminal branches of the common fibular nerve. The deep fibular nerve can be damaged in procedures related the anterior compartment of the leg such as the application of an external fixator to the leg and operations using intramedullary nailing after tibial fracture. Therefore, it is important to know the anatomy and variations of the deep fibular nerve. An anatomical variation concerning the deep fibular nerve was detected in the right lower extremity of the 65-year-old cadaver we dissected. In this case, it was observed that the deep fibular nerve split into two nerve arms in the distal half of the leg and reunited after continuing 9cm apart to form a loop. This loop formation may increase the iatrogenic damage of the deep fibular nerve as a result of surgery and percutaneous interventions to the anterior leg compartment. We described in this case report a hitherto unobserved finding of the branching pattern of the deep fibular nerve. We think that this unique anatomical variation seen in the right lower extremity of the case of academic interest and will also help orthopedicians in anterior leg compartment surgery.

Morphometric measurements of the seminiferous tubules of the testes in 2-year-old and 3-year-old European bison males with or without spermiogenesis.

The area, perimeter and diameter of the seminiferous tubules in the European bison Bison bonasus (L.) were statistically higher in the animals with than in those without spermiogenesis, both among 2-year-old and 3-year-old males (p < 0.001; p < 0.001; p < 0.001).

Probing fermionic condensates by fast-sweep projection onto Feshbach molecules.

Fast-sweep projection onto Feshbach molecules has been widely used as a probe of fermionic condensates. By determining the exact dynamics of a pair of atoms in time-varying magnetic fields, we calculate the number of condensed and noncondensed molecules created after fast magnetic field sweeps from the BCS to the Bose-Einstein condensate side of the resonances in 40K and 6Li, for different sweep rates and a range of initial and final fields. We discuss the relation between the initial fermionic condensate fraction and the molecular condensate fraction measured after the sweep.

Influence of liver's oxide-reductive homeostasis disorder for AKBR values in rabbit's arterial blood.

The keton bodies are created generally in a liver, but this organ has no enzymatic system able to metabolize them. A dependence exists between the molar acetoacetate concentration and the molar beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration, and it can be an indicator of quantitive relations between NAD and NADH. Metabolic reserve can be estimated on the basis of the molar concentration of keton bodies in the arterial blood--of the AKBR value. Tests were carried out on specially prepared rabbit arterial blood samples. Because there is no way to measure NAD to NADH cocentrations in the liver directly a relationship between acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutarate serves to estimate of the oxydo-reductive status of this key organ. That is why AKBR values seem to be extremely important. Vitamin E is known for it's cytoprotective influence of hepatic cells damage. In the presented paper we've challenged this hypothesis by analysing of correlation between AKBR values in examined rabbit groups.

Quantum phases of dipolar bosons in optical lattices.

The ground state of dipolar bosons placed in an optical lattice is analyzed. We show that the modification of experimentally accessible parameters can lead to the realization and control of different quantum phases, including superfluid, supersolid, Mott insulator, checkerboard, and collapse phases.

The usefulness of antioxidative enzymes for the estimation of synthetic effects of PGE1 analogue.

The aim of our research was estimation of the activity of superoxide dysmutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in rabbits' blood after administration of single dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and synthetic analogue PGE1 - Cytotec. The research was carried out on 56 Chinchilla rabbits. By means of stomach tube rabbits were administered respectively: CCl4, Cytotec, CCl4 with Cytotec, indomethacin, Cytotec with indomethacin and CCl4 with Cytotec and indomethacin simultneously. In comparison with control group almost double increase of SOD activity was stated at rabbits which were administered CCl4 and CCl4 with indomethacin. At rabbits which were administered CCl4 with Cytotec and CCl4 with Cytotec and with indomethacin, the SOD activity increased by only 50% in comparison with control group. At rabbits in whose blood the SOD activity increased, the activity of GPx decreased on average by respectively 40% and 15%. The stated changes of SOD and GPx activity in rabbits' blood which were administered prostaglandin apart from CCl4 indicates prostaglandin's indirect interference into hepatocytes antioxidative system and thus its hepatoprotective activity.

Multimode dynamics of a coupled ultracold atomic-molecular system.

We analyze the coherent multimode dynamics of a system of coupled atomic and molecular Bose gases. Starting from an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate with a small thermal component, we observe a complete depletion of the atomic and molecular condensate modes on a short time scale due to a significant population of excited states. Giant coherent oscillations between the two condensates for typical parameters are almost completely suppressed. Our results cast serious doubts on the common use of the 2-mode model for the description of coupled ultracold atomic-molecular systems and should be considered when planning future experiments with ultracold molecules.

Multi-mode description of an interacting Bose-Einstein condensate.

We study the equilibrium dynamics of a weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a box. In our approach we use a semiclassical approximation similar to the description of a multi-mode laser. In dynamical equations derived from a full N-body quantum Hamiltonian we substitute all creation (and annihilation) operators (of a particle in a given box state) by appropriate c-number amplitudes. The set of nonlinear equations obtained in this way is solved numerically. We show that on the time scale of a few miliseconds the system exhibits relaxation -- reaches an equilibrium with populations of different eigenstates fluctuating around their mean values.

[Antioxidant enzymes activity in patients suffering from laryngeal cancer]. / Aktywnosc enzymów antyoksydacyjnych u chorych na raka krtani.

The adequate activity of SOD, GPX and GR is a significant factor in oxidoreductation homeostasis maintaining. The attempt was made to estimate SOD, GPX, GR activity in full blood of 14 male patients suffering from laryngeal cancer (T2N0M0-T4N2M0). The studies were made before and in 8 and 16 week after the operation using RANDOX Company tests. The analysis of results proved that there were remarkable disorders of GR activity in comparison to a control group.

Small-angle X-ray studies of the quaternary structure of the lac repressor from Escherichia coli.

The quarternary structures of the lac repressor molecule from Escherichia coli and its tetrametic core, which can be derived from it by proteolytic cleavage, were studied in dilute solutions by small-angle X-ray scattering. The dimensions and general shape of the lac repressor and of the tetrameric core are reported. The core itself appears to be an elongated structure, and in the intact repressor the headpieces are located at its ends. The results ar derived from model calculations and from the following molecular parameters determined from the scattering curve and the pair distance distribution function: for lac repressor, radius of gyration 5.30 +/- 0.02 nm, radius of gyration of the cross section 2.20 +/- 0.03 nm, maximum diameter 18.0 +/- 0.5 nm, hydrated volume 329 +/- 20 nm3, relative molecular mass 149 000 +/- 15 000, for tetrameric core, radius of gyration 4.92 +/- 0.02 nm, radius of gyration of the cross section 2.24 +/- 0.03 nm, maximum diameter 16.0 +/- 0.5 nm, hydrated volume 278 +/- 15 nm3, relative molecular mass 120 000 +/- 10 000.

Studies by small-angle X-ray scattering of the quaternary structure of the 24-S component of the haemocyanin of Astacus leptodactylus in solution.

The haemocyanin of Astacus leptodactylus was studied in several buffers at three pH values. The best stability and lowest mean deviation on repeating the measurements were found at pH 7.2 in a Tris-HCl buffer. The following molecular parameters were determined: radius of gyration 6.90 nm, radius of gyration of the cross-section 3.87 nm, maximum dimension 21.5 nm, relative molecular mass 854000, volume 1440 nm3, hydration 0.27 g H2O/g protein. The theoretical scattering curves of a large number of models were calculated to find one fitting these data and the experimental scattering curve. The model with the best agreement was compared with an electron micrograph.

Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase from baker's yeast: structural organization of the enzyme and its complex with tRNAPhe as determined by X-ray small-angle scattering.

The quaternary structure of the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase and its complex with tRNAPhe was studied in dilute solutions by small angle X-ray scattering. For the free synthetase the radius of gyration was determined as 5.5 nm, the volume 523 nm3, the maximum diameter 17.5 nm and the molecular weight as 260,000 using an isopotential specific volume of 0.735. The overall shape could be best approximated by a flat cylinder with dimensions 18.2 nmx11.5 nmx4nm; the loose structure was approximated by building up the cylinder by spheres (diameter 4.2 nm). The corresponding parameters of the enzyme tRNA complex were the following: radius of gyration 5.9 nm, volume 543 nm3, maximum diameter 21 nm and molecular weight 290,000. These parameters suggest an 1:1 complex, whereby it must be assumed that the tRNA molecule is attached in the extension of the longer axis. From the difference in the distance distribution functions of the free enzyme and the complex it is evident that we have to assume a change of conformation (contraction) of the enzyme upon the binding of the specific tRNA.