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This Viewpoint highlights the potential for unintentional or deliberate release of variola virus (smallpox), discusses current medical countermeasures for smallpox, and calls for greater flexibility from the US and its partners in developing safe, reliable, affordable, and equitable countermeasures.
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This Viewpoint explicates the complex reasoning the US Supreme Court has used in rulings on gun control and raises concerns that the recent Rahimi decision poses more questions than it settled on the future of the Second Amendment.
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Violência Doméstica , Armas de Fogo , Propriedade , Decisões da Suprema Corte , Humanos , Armas de Fogo/história , Armas de Fogo/legislação & jurisprudência , Propriedade/história , Propriedade/legislação & jurisprudência , Decisões da Suprema Corte/história , Estados Unidos , Violência Doméstica/legislação & jurisprudência , Violência Doméstica/prevenção & controle , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIXAssuntos
Equidade em Saúde , Direitos Humanos , Humanos , Avaliação do Impacto na Saúde , Saúde GlobalRESUMO
This Viewpoint discusses the recent US Supreme Court ruling allowing mifepristonea drug used in medication abortionto be widely available in the US, summarizes the history of challenges to the availability of mifepristone, and highlights reasons for concerns that remain after the Court's current ruling.
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Aborto Induzido , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Reprodutiva , United States Food and Drug Administration , Feminino , Humanos , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug Administration/legislação & jurisprudência , Serviços de Saúde Reprodutiva/legislação & jurisprudência , Aborto Induzido/legislação & jurisprudência , Aborto Induzido/métodos , Mifepristona/provisão & distribuição , Abortivos Esteroides/provisão & distribuição , Defesa do Paciente/legislação & jurisprudência , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , GravidezRESUMO
Following from sweeping law reforms across the global health landscape, there is a need to prepare the next generation to advance global health law to ensure justice for a healthier world. Educational programs across disciplines have increasingly incorporated the field of global health law, with new courses examining the law and policy frameworks that apply to the new set of public health threats, non-state actors, and regulatory instruments that structure global health. Such interdisciplinary training must be expanded throughout the world to prepare future practitioners to strengthen global health law - ensuring a foundation for global health in legal studies and law and global health studies. Meeting this imperative for global health law teaching - establishing academic courses and textbooks on global legal responses to shared health threats - will be necessary to support students to address the global health challenges of the future.
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Saúde Global , Saúde Global/educação , Saúde Global/legislação & jurisprudência , Humanos , Currículo/tendênciasRESUMO
The United Kingdom may soon become a world leader in forging a smoke-free generation. Last month, the country passed a bill that bans the sale of cigarettes to anyone born in 2009 or later. The prime minister claims the policy will "phase out smoking in young people almost completely as early as 2040." A final vote by Parliament is expected next month. Tobacco claims 8 million lives every year, and could claim a billion lives over this century-mostly in low- and middle-income countries. For every person that dies, at least 30 more suffer from smokingrelated chronic disease. The benefits of a tobacco-free society would be transformational.
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Política Antifumo , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Produtos do Tabaco , Humanos , Política Antifumo/legislação & jurisprudência , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar/legislação & jurisprudência , Produtos do Tabaco/legislação & jurisprudência , Reino UnidoAssuntos
Efeitos Antropogênicos , Desastres , Saúde Global , Equidade em Saúde , Zoonoses , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Saúde Global/economia , Saúde Global/legislação & jurisprudência , Saúde Global/normas , Zoonoses/diagnóstico , Zoonoses/genética , Zoonoses/prevenção & controle , Zoonoses/terapia , Derramamento de Material Biológico/prevenção & controle , Desastres/economia , Desastres/prevenção & controleRESUMO
This JAMA Forum discusses the markedly different records and divergent campaign messages of the 2 major party presidential candidates on the issues of health care access, prescription drug prices, reproductive rights, migrant health, gun violence, health and safety agency powers, and pandemic preparedness.
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Política , Humanos , Estados Unidos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Política de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudênciaRESUMO
The World Health Organization (WHO) was born as a normative agency and has looked to global health law to structure collective action to realize global health with justice. Framed by its constitutional authority to act as the directing and coordinating authority on international health, WHO has long been seen as the central actor in the development and implementation of global health law. However, WHO has faced challenges in advancing law to prevent disease and promote health over the past 75 years, with global health law constrained by new health actors, shifting normative frameworks, and soft law diplomacy. These challenges were exacerbated amid the COVID-19 pandemic, as states neglected international legal commitments in national health responses. Yet, global health law reforms are now underway to strengthen WHO governance, signaling a return to lawmaking for global health. Looking back on WHO's 75th anniversary, this article examines the central importance of global health law under WHO governance, reviewing the past successes, missed opportunities, and future hopes for WHO. For WHO to meet its constitutional authority to become the normative agency it was born to be, we offer five proposals to reestablish a WHO fit for purpose: normative instruments, equity and human rights mainstreaming, sustainable financing, One Health, and good governance. Drawing from past struggles, these reforms will require further efforts to revitalize hard law authorities in global health, strengthen WHO leadership across the global governance landscape, uphold equity and rights at the center of global health law, and expand negotiations in global health diplomacy.
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This JAMA Forum discusses the topics of reproductive rights, transgender care, firearm safety, and COVID-19 vaccines in the context of public health and the political climate in the US.
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Saúde Pública , Cultura , PolíticaRESUMO
This Viewpoint discusses the history behind the right to physical and mental health in the US and the right to receive care during medical emergencies under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act, and argues that abortion is health care.
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Aborto Induzido , Atenção à Saúde , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Aborto Espontâneo , Instalações de SaúdeRESUMO
This Viewpoint discusses the importance of safeguarding health access in times armed conflict worldwide and the need to bolster compliance with international humanitarian law.
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Conflitos Armados , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Direito Internacional , Saúde Pública , Guerra , Conflitos Armados/legislação & jurisprudência , Guerra/legislação & jurisprudência , Saúde Pública/legislação & jurisprudência , Oriente Médio , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Internacionalidade , Atitude Frente a Saúde , AltruísmoRESUMO
Global health has long been characterized by injustice, with certain populations marginalized and made vulnerable by social, economic, and health disparities within and among countries. The pandemic only amplified inequalities. In response to it, the World Health Organization and the United Nations have embarked on transformative normative and financial reforms that could reimagine pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response (PPPR). These reforms include a new strategy to sustainably finance the WHO, a UN political declaration on PPPR, a fundamental revision to the International Health Regulations, and negotiation of a new, legally binding pandemic agreement (popularly called the "Pandemic Treaty"). We revisit the cavernous shortcomings of the global Covid-19 response, explain potentially transformative legal reforms and the ethical values that underpin them, and propose actionable solutions to advance both health and justice.