SENSITIZATION PATTERN AND CLINICAL PECULARITIES OF FOOD ALLERGY IN GEORGIA.

The aim of our study was to investigate sensitization pattern to food allergens in different age groups of atopic patients in Georgia and reveal the associations between food sensitization and clinical manifestations of allergic disease reflecting the development of atopic march. 1000 patients (children-783, adult-217) with different clinical manifestations were involved in the study. Specific IgE antibodies to food mix, cow's milk, casein, egg, wheat, fish, nuts mixture and inhalant allergens were measured by using ImmunoCap (Phadia, Uppsala, Sweden). The prevalence of positive specific IgE to food mix was - 7.08%, cow's milk-4.61%, casein - 4.68%, hen's egg - 2.72%, fish mix - 0.77%, wheat -1.57% and to nuts mixture - 2.86%. The frequency of atopic dermatitis (p<0.0017), urticaria (p<0.0223) and anaphylactic shock (p<0.001) were significantly increased in patients with specific IgE to food mix. Allergic skin manifestations to ingested food were age-dependent, more frequent in children groups. Cow's milk and hen's egg are the commonest food allergens in the age group of <2 years. Sensitization to food mix, cow's milk, casein, hen's egg and wheat were predominated in male patients. Egg allergy was significantly associated with atopic dermatitis, fish allergy to bronchial asthma and severe milk allergy to anaphylactic shock. Present study is a first comprehensive investigation, providing unique data of the prevalence of food allergies in Georgian population. The results of this study are contributing to a better understanding of the disease, serving as a basis for the development of strategies for preventing and treating food allergies.

Ige-mediated food allergy - current problems and future perspectives (review).

The incidence and prevalence of FA have changed over time, and many studies have indeed suggested a true rise in prevalence over the past 10-20 years. Recent studies showed that prevalence of self-reported food allergy is 17, 3%, versus challenged confirmed - 0.9%. The majority of allergic reactions to foods, particularly in children, are suggested to be caused primarily by eight foods, namely cow's milk, egg, wheat, soy, peanut, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish. Clinical symptoms of FA include skin, gastrointestinal and systemic reaction anaphylaxis that might be life-threatening and cause fatal reaction. Diagnosis of food allergy is based on SPT, sIgE measurements, component resolved diagnostics (CRD) and double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) tests. The primary therapy for food allergy is strict avoidance of the causal foods. Patients should be provided an emergency action plan, including how to administer an epinephrine autoinjector. It is recommended that all infants be exclusively breast-fed, without maternal diet restriction of allergens, until 4 to 6 months of age. Recent studies have shown that oral immunotherapy (OIT) can induce desensitization and modulate allergen-specific immune responses. Further work to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of this therapy is ongoing and needed before they are used in the main-stream care of children or adults with food allergy.

[Thrombocytopenia-absent radius - TAR-syndrome].

Thrombocytopenia-absent radius - TAR-syndrome is a rare condition in which thrombocytopenia is associated with bilateral radial aplasia. TAR syndrome was first described in 1956 by H. Cross et al. An autosomal recessive inheritance pattern was proposed because TAR affected more than one member of some families. The disease varies and includes abnormalities in the skeletal, hematological, cardiac, gastrointestinal and other systems. In article the 30 day infant with thrombocytopenia-absent radius - TAR-syndrome is described. The diagnose was confirmed by clinical, laboratory, radiological, genetic etc. investigations.

IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity disorders.

Food allergy has become a serious health concern especially in developed countries in the past two decades. In general population approximately 4-6% of children and 1-3% of adults experience food allergy. The article reviews IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity disorders. Epidemiology, Mechanism, Clinical manifestations, Genetically modified crops (GMOs), Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of IgE-mediated food allergies are discussed. The investigations show that over 90% of IgE-mediated food allergies in childhood are caused by: cow's milk, hen's egg, soy, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, fish and shellfish. Also the causes of food allergy are food additives, genetically modified crops. Risk factors for food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis include asthma and previous allergic reactions to the causative food. Food allergy is one of the most common causes of systematic anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions, with an annual incidence of four cases per million populations and estimated 500 deaths annually. In addition to gastrointestinal symptoms, individuals may experience urticaria, angioedema, atopic dermatitis, oral syndrome, asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, hypotension, shock and cardiac arrhythmias, caused by the massive release of mediators from mast cells and basophiles. Diagnosis of food allergy is based on history, detailed dietary analysis, skin testing, measuring specific IgE in blood serum and challenge tests. Treatment and prevention includes: avoidance diet, application of auto-injectable epinephrine, H1 and H2 antihistamines, corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, cromolyn sodium, etc.

[Experience with treating complicated forms of abscessing pneumonia in children]. / Opyt lecheniia oslozhnennykh form abstsediruiushchikh pnevmonii u detei

Under observation were 157 patients with different forms of abscessing pneumonias. Pleural complicaitons were noted in 113 patients (about 60%). The complex treatment was employed in all patients (intensive antibacterial therapy, immunotherapy, bacteriophage, administration of protein preparations, vitamin-therapy, fresh blood transfusion, artery system and by means of percutaneous catheterization of th subclavian vein. The results of the treatment are described.