SIGNIFICANCE OF ADC MEASUREMENTS AS RADIOLOGICAL MRI MARKER IN DETECTION OF METASTATIC LYMPH NODE INVOLVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH PROSTATE CANCER.

BACKGROUND: In spite of significant advances in diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa), the detection and differential diagnosis of metastatic lymph node involvement remains an important clinical dilemma in a large number of cases. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in part when using T1-weighed images (T1-WI and T2-WI), allow evaluating indirectly the presence of invasion in regional lymph nodes by assessing their diameter and morphology. Nonetheless, these techniques do not appear to be sufficiently sensitive for direct identification of lymph nodes with metastatic lesions. AIM: To study the significance of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of diffusion-weighted MRI in detection of metastatic lymph node involvement in PCa patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 35 patients with histologically verified PCa. Based on multiparametric prostatic MRI findings and pathomorphological reports, we have performed ADC measurements for pelvic lymph nodes either with (n = 15, mean size 1.78 ± 0.59 cm) or without metastases (n = 20, mean size: 0.94 ± 0.06 cm) in PCa patients who underwent radical prostatectomy with lymph node dissection. RESULTS: No significant diffe-rences were observed when comparing mean sizes of N+ and N- pelvic lymph nodes. At the same time, when comparing mean ADC values for N+ and N- pelvic lymph nodes, we observed a statistically significant difference: 0.74 ± 0.09 · 10-3 mm2/s in metastatic lymph node vs 1.05 ± 0.23 · 10-3 mm2/s in lymph nodes without metastatic involvement (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The use of ADC for diffusion-weighted MRI may provide valuable information for detection of metastatic lymph node involvement in patients with PCa.

Predicting changes in glomerular filtration rate in patients with kidney cancer using a mathematical model.

Chronic renal failure is one of the most challenging complications after the completed surgical treatment for renal cell cancer. In 2016, a grading system of tumorous renal involvement was developed, referred to as NCIU nephrometry. However, the systematic parameter to reflect the functional status of the functional renal parenchyma is defined by tumor volume only, with no regard for spatial disposition of the segment(s) where the tumor is located. Our research team decided to improve the NCIU nephrometry system by developing and testing a modified formula for calculation of creatinine clearance, which makes allowance for spatial disposition of tumor within the kidney. We performed numerical computations and analysis of changes in functional status of renal parenchyma depending on coordinate-based spatial location of the tumor in order to augment the existing NCIU nephrometry scale; Matlab, a specialized software package was used as a principal instrument to calculate the number of nephrons and functional renal parenchyma depending on the coordinate-based position of the mass center of the tumor and tumor volume. This model was shown to create a feasible opportunity to increase the percentage of organ-sparing procedures for renal cell cancer and to reduce the incidence/progression of chronic renal failure in these patients.

[THE DYNAMICS OF THE INCIDENCE OF OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS AND SOMATIC DISEASES HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS WHO RECEIVED INPATIENT TREATMENT IN 2006-2011].

To the article a brief historical review and modern data are driven about the state of HIV-infection in the Odessa area, morbidity of HIV is analysed--the infected patients, passing treatment in stationary section of the Odessa regional centre from a prophylaxis and fight against AIDS during the last six year, drawn conclusion about efficiency of introduction of potent antiretroviral therapy.

[Comparative assessment of nephroprotective properties of potassium and calcium channel modulators in experimental renal injury].

The experiments in white laboratory rats have shown that a single intragasrtric administration of the new fluorine-containing potassium channel opener flocalin in a dose of 5 mg/kg in the initial stage of sublimate nephropathy increased the glomerular filtration rate, reduced creatininemia, increased urinary creatinine excretion, and decreased proteinuria. Under similar conditions, the administration of the calcium channel blocker diltiazem in a dose of 5 mg/kg (intragasrtric) showed a less pronounced antiproteinuric effect as compared to that of flocalin. A comparative assessment of the influence of flocalin and diltiazem on the basic renal function markers demonstrated predominant nephroprotective effect of flocalin in the treatment of acute toxic nephropathy.

[PREDICTORS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS: NEW DEVELOPMENTS].

The article describes known atherosclerosis predictors of endothelial origin, which are diagnostic criteria for identifying's early stages of atherosclerosis, and can prevent the development of this disease and are used to monitor the effectiveness of the therapy The authors analyzed the possibility of using heparin as an early marker of atherosclerosis, based on the fact that the inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity due hyperheparinemia resulting from depletion of mast cells due to endothelial dysfunction, leads to the disorders of lipid transporting system in the form of the resistant hyperlipidemia with the phenomena of dyslipidemia.

[Chlorine dioxide as an agent for optimization of drinking water preparation].

The paper deals with the important urgent problem in the provision of epidemiological drinking water. It considers the chemical, biological, toxicological, technological, environmental, and economic aspects of the use of chlorine dioxide as a highly effective disinfecting and oxidizing agent in water purification and decontamination processes. The authors present the results of their own studies. They conclude that chlorine dioxide is an epidemiologically, ecologically, and toxicologically safe and technologically adequate and economically acceptable agent for water treatment in the domestic water supply systems of localities.

[Effect of sodium-rich diet and captopril on the functional state of kidney in rats with experimental hyperthyreosis].

The administration of thyroxin (10 microg/100 g body weight, 7 days) in rats leads to an increase in the renal excretion of proteins and nitrates. Under the conditions of hypo- and normosodium diet, thyroxin decreased the rate of glomerular filtration. Hypersodium diet and captopril increased the rate of glomerular filtration in rats with experimental hyperthyreosis. The maximum level of renal excretion in hyperthyreoidal rats was observed on the background of sodium-rich diet.

[Characteristics of the kidney functional state after a single dose of thyroxine in white rats].

A 50 mcg/100 g b.w. single dose of thyroxine was injected to non-inbred white rat males with body mass 140-180 g in conditions of 5% water and osmotic (3% solution of sodium chloride) load, then renal function was studied. This injection reduced creatinine clearance and phosphate excretion, raised nitrate and protein excretion. The kidney of the hyperthyroid animals retains ability to increase creatinine clearance in response to osmotic load. Thus, the above model demonstrates that in the absence of thyroxine renal toxicity it changes homeostatic renal functions both at the vascular-glomerular and tubular levels.

[Effect of ascorbic acid on the renal transport of endogenous nitrates and nitrites in humans].

Effect of ascorbic acid on the renal excretion of endogenous nitrates and nitrites under aqueous-salt load was studied in practically healthy females. The administration of ascorbic acid in a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight under these conditions favored a decrease in the renal excretion of endogenous nitrates due to modulation of their renal clearance mechanism.

[Renal mechanisms of the osmotic homeostasis maintenance on a background of the salt test]. / Renal'nye mekhanizmy podderzhaniia osmoticheskogo gomeostaza pri solevoi nagruzke.

Mechanisms of the renal function were studied in white mice subjected to water and hyperosmotic tests. Excretion of excess osmotically active substances appeared to be affected by as modulation of the tubular transport, so intensification of the glomerular filtration through activation of the functional kidney reserve and involvement of renal nitrogen oxide.

[Determination of nonmetabolized antipyrine in human urine]. / Metodika opredeleniia nemetabolizirovannogo antipirina v moche cheloveka.

A method for evaluating the renal clearance of antipyrine is proposed. The analyses were performed for a group of healthy females of reproductive age. The renal clearance of nontransformed antipyrine is found to be significant and the basic indices of renal activity (diuresis, creatinine excretion) are correlated with the drug concentration in saliva. A single administration of antipyrine in a dose of 10 mg/kg does not influence the renal function of healthy volunteers. The proposed photometric method of antipyrine determination in urine (under the conditions of loading with 0.5% NaCl solution at an amount of 0.5% of body weight) is sufficiently sensitive and provides information about the renal clearance of antipyrine, offering an important supplement to the data obtained by conventional methods.

[Role of nitric oxide in tumor growth]. / Biologicheskaia aktivnost' oksida azota v mekhanizmakh opukholevogo rosta.

This review article will analyze the role of nitric oxide in antiblastomous organism resistance, in particular some mechanisms of NO-mediated apoptosis in different cells and NO involvement in etiological mechanisms as well as tumor growth promotion. The possible mechanisms of nitric oxide dual effect are discussed. The data about NO as a mediator in different methods of cancer treatment are given. In conclusion, we have determined some principles of application of NO-modulating agents in cancer therapy.

[Altered renal function in acute sodium nitrite intoxication experiment]. / Izmenenie funktsii pochek pri ostroi intoksikatsii nitritom natriia v éksperimente.

In experiments on non-inbred albino rats, intoxication was reproduced with 1% aqueous sodium nitrite solution, which was rated by the degree of hemic hypoxia (HH). The findings suggest that changes in renal functions (osmo-regulating, sodium-regulating) occur due to the development of mild HH, by increasing as hypoxia deteriorates. Decreased glomerular filtration and proteinuria, which are concomitantly detected, point to their mixed glomerulotubular pattern of renal lesion in nitrite intoxication.

[Operative intervention as a factor provoking the ulcer formation process in patients suffering from chronic gastritis type B]. / Operativnye vmeshatel'stva kak faktor, provotsiruiushchii protsess iazvoobrazovaniia u bol'nykh khronicheskim gastrritom tipa B.

The article presents 27 cases of ulcer formation in the duodenal bulb that occurred in 8.3 +/- 0.13 days after an operative intervention carried out because of the calculous cholecystitis and coccygeal cyst. The chronic gastritis type B has been detected in all the patients in 100% of cases.

[Classification of renal failure]. / Klassifikatsiia pochechnoi nedostatochnosti.

The authors analyze the data available in the literature on acute and chronic renal failure (ARF and CRF, respectively). The mechanisms of their development (common and distinctive) are pathogenetically assessed and the functional reserve of the kidneys is determined. The phasic character of development of renal failure (compensation, subcompensation and decompensation) is pathogenetically substantiated. ARF and CRF are shown to be two forms of renal failure development which have both pathogenetic and distinctive characteristics in its mechanisms.

[Method to determine nitrite and nitrate ecologic load on humans]. / Metodika opredeleniia nitrit-nitratnoi ékologicheskoi nagruzki na organizm cheloveka.

To evaluate ecologic load with nitrite-nitrate ions, the authors suggest determining the diurnal excretion and then excluding contribution of the endogenous compounds.