RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Prior studies of mortality following traumatic brain injury (TBI) have not focused specifically on older adults compared with a non-TBI trauma cohort or included specific causes of death. The objectives of this study were, among adults aged 65 years and older, to (1) generate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) by cause of death for TBI and a non-TBI trauma cohort compared with a general population, and (2) assess risk of mortality associated with TBI compared with a non-TBI trauma cohort. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of adults aged 65 years and older who were treated at an urban trauma center from 1997 to 2008. MEASUREMENTS: Data from the trauma registry were linked to the National Death Index through 2008 to obtain date and cause of death. We identified individuals with TBI and non-TBI trauma and calculated age- and sex-adjusted SMRs by comparing with the state general population. We next compared time to mortality between individuals with TBI (n = 852) and non-TBI trauma (n = 1050), adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Compared with the age- and sex-adjusted state general population, older adults with TBI (SMR = 8.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 7.4-9.0) and non-TBI trauma (SMR = 6.7; 95% CI = 6.1-7.4) were at a greatly increased risk of mortality. Highest SMRs in both cohorts were observed for accidents. In adjusted Cox regression models, TBI was not associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio = 1.03; 95% CI = .87-1.23) compared with non-TBI trauma. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that, over a 4-year follow-up of older adults, any moderate to severe injury is associated with increased mortality risk. Specifically, older injured adults are at high risk of death from accidental and therefore preventable causes, suggesting that intervention could reduce mortality. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2382-2386, 2019.
Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/mortalidade , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Pacientes Ambulatoriais/estatística & dados numéricos , Alta do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistema de Registros , Centros de Traumatologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Ferimentos e Lesões/mortalidade , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Causas de Morte/tendências , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Maryland/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais , Taxa de Sobrevida/tendênciasRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to determine the association between recurrent trauma admissions (recidivism) and subsequent long-term mortality, and to identify those in most need for preventive interventions. BACKGROUND: Patients with a single intentional injury have been shown to have a higher risk of future injury mortality than those with unintentional injury with 5-year mortality rates as high as 20% being reported for recurrent penetrating trauma. Trauma recidivism identifies a high-risk population, but its association with long-term mortality is largely unknown. METHODS: Patients with 1 or more previous admissions to an urban trauma center (recidivists) were identified and compared with those with single admissions (nonrecidivists) from 1997 to 2008. The trauma registry was linked to the National Death Index to determine both the cause and time to death after hospital discharge. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and Cox proportional-hazards models. RESULTS: Trauma recidivists were 7% of the total trauma population from 1997 to 2008, representing 3147 patients. Recidivists were more likely to be male (P < 0.0001), Black (P < 0.0001), have a blood alcohol content above 80âmg/dL (P < 0.0001), and suffer a penetrating injury (P < 0.0001) compared with nonrecidivists. Recidivists with both initial blunt and penetrating injuries had higher rates of long-term mortality after discharge. Recidivists were more likely to die of any cause based on Cox proportional-hazard ratios [hazard ratio (HR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.57-2.01], injury death (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.66-2.47), and disease death (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.41-1.92) than nonrecidivists. CONCLUSIONS: Male sex, Black race, and elevated blood alcohol content and penetrating injury are associated with trauma recidivism which leads to a higher risk of death. There is a critical public health need to develop interventions to reduce trauma recidivism and preventable death.
Assuntos
Readmissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Recidiva , Ferimentos e Lesões/mortalidade , Ferimentos e Lesões/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Causas de Morte , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Mortalidade Hospitalar/tendências , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Alta do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Análise de Sobrevida , Fatores de Tempo , Centros de Traumatologia , Índices de Gravidade do Trauma , Ferimentos e Lesões/diagnóstico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Racial disparities in trauma outcomes occur, but disparities in fall mortality are unknown. The objective of this study was to determine inhospital and 1-year fall mortality among patients discharged from an urban trauma center. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of fall patients in our trauma registry (1997 to 2008) linked to the National Death Index to determine postdischarge mortality. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, multivariable logistic regression, and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: There were 7,541 fall admissions. There was no clinically significant difference in inhospital mortality between blacks and whites with age stratification. One year after discharge, blacks younger than 65 years were more likely to die of disease (hazard ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.14 to 1.62). CONCLUSIONS: Although rates of inhospital mortality are similar, blacks younger than 65 years have a higher risk of dying after discharge due to disease when stratified by age highlighting the need for continued medical follow-up and prevention efforts.