[Patients' situational anxiety across stages and types of orthodontic treatment]. / Situativnaya trevozhnost' na ortodonticheskom prieme v zavisimosti ot sposoba i etapa lecheniya.

OBJECTIVE: The aim the studi. The study levels of situational anxiety of orthodontic patients depending on type and stage of treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Altogether, 162 consequent patients aged 14-25 years with various dental anomalies filled out a questionnaire with Spielberger test (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). The questionnaires were administered to at different stages of treatment at the Arkhangelsk Children's Dental Polyclinic and the private dental clinic "Niks Trading". Bivariate associations were studied using one-way analysis of variance. Independent associations between the level of situational anxiety and type and stage of treatment was assessed using multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for the level of personal anxiety, gender and age of the patient. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The mean score on situational anxiety was 42.4 (95% CI: 41.2-43.6) points corresponding to the average level. Only 4.3% (n=7) of the patients scored low on situational anxiety, while 34% (n=55) scored high on situations anxiety. The average score on personal anxiety was 43.5 (95% CI: 42.2-44.8). The corresponding proportions for low and high levels of personal anxiety were 6.2% (n=10) and 39.5% (n=64). Adolescents had higher scores on situational anxiety (p=0.048), and patients aged 21-25 years have a higher level of personal anxiety (p=0.004). No associations between situational anxiety and either stage or type of treatment were observed in multivariable analysis. The level of situational anxiety was significantly associated with the level of personal anxiety (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: More than a half of the patient had average level of situational anxiety during orthodontic treatment. Due to the higher situational anxiety in the group of adolescents, it is necessary to treat such patients more carefully. Orthodontic treatment with the use of braces or removable devices is not associated with increased situational anxiety.

[Satisfaction with dentist-patient interaction at the municipal polyclinic: level and affecting factors]. / Udovletvorennost' patsientov vzaimodeistviem s vrachami-stomatologami munitsipal'noi polikliniki: obshchii uroven' i vliyayushchie na nego faktory.

OBJECTIVE: The study level of patient satisfaction with interaction with doctors of various specialties in the municipal dental clinic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 596 patients who received dental care at the Severodvinsk Dental Polyclinic State Autonomous Healthcare Institution participated in the cross-sectional study. Satisfaction was studied across 10 domains using a questionnaire. The average values of the scores obtained for different specialties of the doctor were compared using a variance analysis for each of the domains. The relationship between patient satisfaction and factor characteristics - specialty and age of the doctor, gender and age of the patient or legal representative was evaluated using multivariate linear regression analysis with the calculation of regression coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: At least a good level of satisfaction was found in all 10 domains for doctors of all specialties. The age of the doctor was inversely related to the domains "Communication on equal terms" and "Active listening". Respondents were statistically significantly less satisfied with interaction with dental therapists, dental surgeons and pediatric dentists in all domains compared to interaction with orthodontists, except for the domain "Prognosis". Satisfaction did not depend on the gender and age of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Lower satisfaction in different domains can be explained by limited time for patient admission and/or insufficient training of dentists in terms of communication with patients. The assessment of satisfaction with the doctor's appointment is an important indicator for determining the ways of developing the education of specialists and the organization of medical care in dentistry.

[Potentialities of photoactivated disinfection in dentistry]. / Vozmozhnosti primeneniya fotoaktiviruemoi dezinfektsii v stomatologii.

Infection control is an essential part of dental practice. Oral antiseptics should be highly effective against the most common oral pathogens without causing microbial resistance, biocompatible with the human tissues with no interaction with fillings materials. Photoactivated disinfection (PAD) is based on activation of photosensitizers - specific substances releasing active oxygen forms after absorption of the light. The active oxygen forms destroy bacterial cell structures without affecting human cells. The overwhelming majority of Russian and international researchers have reported high effectiveness of PAD in periodontics, implantology and endodontics, whereas the use of PAD in caries treatment and prevention is not so fully understood yet. Earlier studies have demonstrated high sensitivity of cariogenic bacteria to PAD, suggesting it as an additional minimally invasive caries therapy improving treatment effectiveness. PAD spares dental tissues without reduction in the effectiveness of disinfection. It is particularly important in treatment of deep carious lesions and disinfection of thin dentine layer near the pulp. Effectiveness of PAD in caries treatment has been demonstrated for both permanent and deciduous dentition. PAD doesn't affect bond strength to fillings, improves plasticity of dental pulp and dental hard tissues mineralization in children. Effective control of a wide range of bacteria without causing resistance makes PAD a prospective method of treatment and prevention of caries.

[Associations between dietary factors and periodontal status among 12-year-old children in Arkhangelsk region].

Nutrition is an important determinant of human health particularly in childhood since dietary habits and metabolic patterns are formed during this period of life. Certain nutritional factors may increase the risk for periodontal diseases (PD). Considering the associations between periodontal health and cardiovascular diseases, studies on the associations between nutritional factors and periodontal diseases are of particular importance. The aim of the research was to study the patterns of consumption of certain foods associated with oral health according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and to assess the associations between these factors and PD among 12-year-old children in Arkhangelsk region of Russian Federation. Material and methods. In total, 1162 12-year-old children from 7 urban and 5 rural settings of Arkhangelsk region participated in a cross-sectional study. Dental status was assessed as recommended by the WHO (2013). To assess the periodontal status of a child, a communal periodontal index was used, which included 2 indicators: the presence of bleeding during probing and calculus. A WHOdeveloped questionnaire was used to study nutritional patterns related to oral health. Associations between socio-demographic factors and patterns of consumption of selected food items were assessed using Person's chi-squared tests. Associations between periodontal disease, bleeding, calculus, and nutritional factors were studied by multivariable logistic regression. Relationships between the number of affected sextans and frequency of consumption of selected foods was assessed using multivariable Poisson regression models. Results. More frequent consumption of sweet carbonated drinks was associated with male sex, rural living, and low educational levels of both parents. Higher levels of education for both mother and father were associated with more frequent consumption of fresh fruit (p=0.011 and p=0.002). The prevalence of dental calculus and the number of affected sextants with calculus were inversely related to the frequency of fresh fruit consumption (p=0.012 and p<0.001, respectively). The number of sextants with calculus and PD in general were inversely associated with the frequency of consumption of homemade jam and honey (p=0.036 and p=0.043, respectively). Conclusion. The frequency of consumption of the foods affecting oral health was significantly associated with socio-demographic factors in Arkhangelsk region. Daily consumption of fresh fruits was associated with lower prevalence of calculus. The lowest number of affected sextants with bleeding, calculus, and PD was revealed when homemade jams or honey was consumed at least once a week, but less than every day.

[Dental caries among 5-7 years old children in a Russian subarctic region]. / Karies zubov u detei 5­7 let v subarkticheskom regione Rossii.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence and experience of dental caries among preschool children in a Russian Subarctic region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a complex dental examination in 1232 randomly selected children aged 5-7 years using the World Health Organization (WHO) methodology (5th Edition) and standard dental forms. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of caries in primary dentition was 90.8%. Boys were more likely to have caries than girls (93.0% vs. 88.5%, p=0.007). Caries experience in deciduous teeth in the full sample was 6.43 with the average number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth being 4.67, 0.64 and 1.13, respectively. The prevalence of caries in permanent teeth was 5.2% with caries experience of 0.08. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth components were 0.06, 0 and 0.03, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We observed high prevalence and experience of caries among 5-7 years old children in Arkhangelsk region. These findings exceed the national average and do not reach the WHO-2020 goals warranting urgent implementation of prevention strategies to improve dental health in this age group in Arctic and Subarctic Russia.

[Multivariable analysis of the associations between transversal maxilla size and upper airway volume]. / Izuchenie svyazi transverzal'nogo razmera verkhnei chelyusti i ob"ema verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between the size of the upper jaw and the volume of the upper respiratory tract in adult patients, both in the form of continuous indicators and in the form of categorical variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cone-beam computed tomography images of all patients (n=365) aged 18-60 years who attended one of the dental clinics in Arkhangelsk (Northwest Russia) from October 2019 through November 2020 comprised the study base. Maxilla size and upper airway volume were assessed using Ez3D-I software. Bivariate analysis of categorical variables was performed using Pearson's chi-squared tests. Continuous variables were compared using unpaired Student's t-test. Independent associations between maxilla size and upper airway volume were assessed by multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS: No associations between maxilla size and upper airway volume were observed in bivariate analysis. Adjustment for potential confounders in multivariable analysis has not changed the initial results on no associations between the studied variables with 95% confidence level. CONCLUSION: In contrast with the results of many previous studies, our findings suggest no association between transversal maxilla size and upper airway volume. Patients with reduced maxilla size are equally likely to have normal and reduced upper airway volume. Further research on larger samples is needed to corroborate our findings.

[Dimensions of the upper airways and its impact on the dentoalveolar system development]. / Sostoyanie verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei i ego vliyanie na razvitie zubochelyustnoi sistemy.

Due to the high mobility and variability of bone structures and soft tissues surrounding the upper respiratory tract, the exact boundaries for measuring and normalizing the size of the respiratory tract have not yet been determined. Studies have determined the relationship between the narrowing of the upper jaw and a decrease in the transverse dimensions of the airways, as well as a positive effect in changing the size of the airways after orthodontic treatment and/or orthognathic surgery. Nevertheless, the results of research in this area may differ greatly from different specialists, which indicates that the topic is poorly studied and it is necessary to continue and expand the range of scientific works to assess the state of the upper respiratory tract and their relationship with the orthodontic status.

[Association of leptin with anthropometric indexes, dyslipidemia and carbohydrate metabolism in Kazakh adults].

Leptin plays an important role in eating behavior, the central action of this hormone is the regulation of appetite and energy expenditure. Anthroponutritiology as a new scientific direction uses the methods of medical anthropology and nutritional science. The study of the relationship between the regulation of energy metabolism, taking into account constitutional features, and anthropometric parameters provides relevance in this direction. The purpose of the research was to study of the relationship between blood serum leptin level and body mass index (BMI) and indicators of lipid profile, carbohydrate metabolism in adult Kazakh population. Material and methods. The sample of the prospective study was 109 persons aged 18-60 years, who were divided depending on BMI into 5 groups, randomized by age and sex. We measured anthropometric parameters and biochemical parameters: serum leptin concentration, fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR, lipid profile (concentration of cholesterol, low and high density lipoproteins, triglycerides, atherogenic index). Results. In the sample studied, we found that in Kazakh adults, serum leptin level correlated with BMI (ρ=0.57; p<0.01). The highest values were observed at a BMI greater than 40 kg/m2, amounting to 54.9 [33.3; 78.4] vs 10.0 [4.8; 23.1] ng/ml in overweight individuals (p=<0.005). In women, leptin levels were almost 2-fold higher than in men (24.2 vs 12.9 ng/ml, p=<0.001). No significant correlations of leptin level with age and lipid profile have been found. There was a positive association of leptin with insulin (ρ=0.28, p<0.01) and the HOMA-IR (ρ=0.21, p<0.05). Conclusion. The study showed that leptin blood level is associated with constitutional features, the highest values were found in persons with a high degree of obesity. Perhaps this result is associated with leptin resistance. Diagnostic criteria of leptin resistance are currently poorly studied. Taking into consideration clinical and specific actions of leptin there is a place for its further study as a potential biomarker of obesity.

[Molar-incisor hypomineralization among 12-years old children in Arkhangelsk region]. / Moliarno-reztsovaia gipoplaziia u 12-letnikh detei Arkhangel'skoi oblasti.

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) across genders and place of residence as well as its association with dental caries among 12-years-old children in Northwest Russia. METHOD: A cross-sectional study included 1233 (653 girls) randomly selected 12-years-old children from 7 urban and 5 rural areas of Arkhangelsk region. MIH and its severity were diagnosed using Weerheijm et al (2003) and Mathu-Muju & Wright (2006) criteria. Dental caries was studied at the D3 level following WHO (2013) recommendations. Prevalence of MIH and caries and means for Decayed-Missing-Filled (DMFT) scores are presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Pearson's chi-squared tests and Mann-Whitney tests were used for dichotomous and numerical data, respectively. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, Russia. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of MIH was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.44-3.07). The prevalence of mild MIH was 46.2% (95% CI: 28.8-64.5). Average and severe MIH were diagnosed in 26.9% (95% CI: 13.7-46.1) of children each. The prevalence of caries among those with and without MIH was 100% (95% CI: 87.1-100.0) and 74.8% (95% CI: 72.3-77.2), respectively (p=0.003). DMFT values for children with and without MIH were 4.46 (95% CI: 3.20-5.72) and 2.41 (95% CI: 2.28-2.53), respectively (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of MIH in Northwest Russia is lower than in most other countries our findings suggest that hypomineralised molars are much more prone to caries.

The effect of ambient air temperature and precipitation on monthly counts of salmonellosis in four regions of Kazakhstan, Central Asia, in 2000-2010.

We studied associations between monthly counts of laboratory-confirmed cases of salmonellosis, ambient air temperature and precipitation in four settings in Kazakhstan. We observed a linear association between the number of cases of salmonellosis and mean monthly temperature during the same months only in Astana: an increase of 1°C was associated with a 5·5% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2·2-8·8] increase in the number of cases. A similar association, although not reaching the level of significance was observed in the Southern Kazakhstan region (3·5%, 95% CI -2·1 to 9·1). Positive association with precipitation with lag 2 was found in Astana: an increase of 1 mm was associated with a 0·5% (95% CI 0·1-1·0) increase in the number of cases. A similar association, but with lag 0 was observed in Southern Kazakhstan region (0·6%, 95% CI 0·1-1·1). The results may have implications for the future patterns of salmonellosis in Kazakhstan with regard to climate change.

Is hyperemesis gravidarum associated with placental weight and the placental weight-to-birth weight ratio? A population-based Norwegian cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Studies have suggested a link between placental weight, placental weight-to-birth weight ratio (PW/BW) and adult health. Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) may also have implications for adult health. No studies on HG and placental characteristics have been identified. We therefore explored the relationship between HG, placental weight and the PW/BW-ratio in a population-based cohort. METHODS: Singleton births to primiparous women between 1999 and 2009 with data on HG, placental weight and birth weight in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN) comprised the study base (n = 200,390). HG was defined through ICD-10 code 021.0, 021.1 and 021.9. Gender and gestational age specific percentile curves for placenta weight and PW/BW ratio were used to define those below the 10th and above the 90th percentile of both outcomes. Associations between HG and dichotomous outcomes were studied by multiple logistic regression. Multiple linear regression was applied to study placental weight as a continuous variable. Male and female offspring were analyzed separately. RESULTS: The prevalence of HG was 1.2%. Women with HG and female offspring had significantly higher risk of a PW/BW-ratio above the 90th percentile (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.03-1.34). HG and PW/BW-ratio below the 10th percentile were inversely associated (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.56-0.89). For male offspring no association was observed for HG and PW/BW-ratio below the 10th or above the 90th percentile. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: We observed positive associations between HG and high PW/BW ratio limited to female offspring only. The high PW/BW-ratio suggests that there may be a possible link between HG and adult health.

Hyperemesis gravidarum and birth outcomes-a population-based cohort study of 2.2 million births in the Norwegian Birth Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To study associations between hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) and birth outcomes. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. SETTING: Norway. SAMPLE: Singleton births in the Norwegian Birth Registry, 1967-2009 (n = 2 270 363). METHODS: Multiple logistic regression was applied to study associations between HG and dichotomous outcomes; multiple linear regression to study associations between HG, birthweight and gestational length. Generalised estimating equations were applied to obtain valid standard errors. Sub-analysis on data with available information on smoking was conducted (1999-2009). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Small and large for gestational age (SGA/LGA), Apgar score after 5 minutes, very preterm and preterm birth (VPTB/PTB), perinatal death, stillbirth, neonatal death, birthweight and gestational length. RESULTS: No associations between HG and adverse pregnancy outcomes were observed in crude analyses, except for VPTB (odds ratio [OR] 0.79, 95% CI 0.67-0.93). In adjusted analysis, HG was associated with perinatal death (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.08-1.48). Inverse associations were observed between HG and VPTB (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68-0.94) and LGA (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90-0.99). Sub-analyses showed no associations between HG and perinatal death (OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.91-1.83). The inverse associations between HG, VPTB and LGA were strengthened (OR 0.66, 95% CI, 0.48-0.91 and OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79-0.93, respectively). Exposed babies had reduced birthweight and gestational length compared with unexposed, adjusted difference - 21.4 g and - 0.5 days, respectively. Adjustment for smoking slightly strengthened the impact of HG on birthweight. CONCLUSIONS: Inverse associations for HG and VPTB and LGA were observed. HG was associated with slight reductions in birthweight and gestational age.

Incidence of tuberculosis and associations with indicators of alcohol consumption in three regions of northwest Russia in 1975-2009: a time-series analysis.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol has several social consequences that are associated with increased risk of tuberculosis. However, there have been no studies assessing the links between tuberculosis and alcohol consumption in northwest Russia. The aim of this study was to assess associations between the incidence of tuberculosis and indicators of alcohol consumption in three regions of northwest Russia. METHODS: The study was performed in Arkhangelsk, Murmansk and Vologda regions using the data from 1975 to 2009. Deaths from alcohol poisoning and the incidence of alcohol psychoses were used as indicators of alcohol consumption. Associations between the incidence of tuberculosis and the above mentioned indicators were studied using time-series analysis. RESULTS: We identified significant positive associations between the incidence of tuberculosis and the incidence of alcohol psychoses in the same year in Arkhangelsk region (ß = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10-0.37) and in Vologda region (ß = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.10-0.25), but not in Murmansk region. CONCLUSIONS: We found an association between the incidence of alcohol psychoses and the incidence of tuberculosis in the same year in Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions suggesting an indirect link between excessive levels of alcohol consumption and the incidence of tuberculosis in Russia.

Climate variations and salmonellosis in northwest Russia: a time-series analysis.

Associations between monthly counts of all laboratory-confirmed cases of salmonellosis in Arkhangelsk, northern Russia, from 1992 to 2008 and climatic variables with lags 0-2 were studied by three different models. We observed a linear association between the number of cases of salmonellosis and mean monthly temperature with a lag of 1 month across the whole range of temperatures. An increase of 1 °C was associated with a 2·04% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0·25-3·84], 1·84% (95% CI 0·06-3·63) and 2·32% (95% CI 0·38-4·27) increase in different models. Only one of the three models suggested an increase in the number of cases, by 0·24% (95% CI 0·02-0·46) with an increase in precipitation by 1 mm in the same month. Higher temperatures were associated with higher monthly counts of salmonellosis while the association with precipitation was less certain. The results may have implications for the future patterns of enteric infections in northern areas related to climate change.

Urban-rural differences in dental caries experience among 6-year-old children in the Russian north.

INTRODUCTION: Russians residing in rural areas, particularly in the north, have poorer health in general and lower life expectancy compared with urban residents. Little is known about dental health in the north of Russia, given that the last national oral health survey was performed more than 10 years ago. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and experience of dental caries among 6-year-old children in a remote region in Northwest Russia. METHODS: In total, 532 children aged 6 years were recruited in 5 randomly selected rural and urban settings of the Arkhangelsk region. Girls comprised 50.8% of the sample. Caries experience was assessed at D3 (cavitation) level by a single calibrated examiner. The prevalence of caries was calculated as the number of children with at least one affected tooth (decayed or missing or filled) divided by the number of examined children x 100% with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Caries experience was estimated using a sum of decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft index) and presented as means and 95% CIs. Dichotomous and continuous data were analysed using Χ² and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of caries was 93.4% (95% CI: 90.9-95.2) with a mean dmft of 6.71 (95%CI: 6.37-7.04). On average, there were 5.48 (95% CI: 5.16-5.80) decayed, 0.44 (95% CI: 0.37-0.51) missing and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.67-0.91) filled teeth. Although the overall caries experience was similar in rural and in urban areas (6.52 vs 6.41, p=0.742), the number of decayed teeth in rural areas was greater (5.94 vs 4.91, p=0.001). Moreover, there were fewer missing teeth (0.31 vs 0.59, p<0.001) and filled teeth (0.45 vs 1.19, p<0.001) in rural areas. Boys had a greater number of affected teeth than girls (7.12 vs 6.32, p=0.023). CONCLUSIONS: The levels of both caries prevalence and caries experience in the region exceeded the Russian average and corresponding levels in most European countries. Both urban-rural and sex variations in caries experience and its components were observed. Urgent preventive dental public health measures on both population and individual levels are needed to improve the situation.

Dental caries experience among 12-year-old children in Northwest Russia.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and experience of dental caries among 12-year-olds in Northwest Russia. METHODS: Altogether 355 schoolchildren at the age of 12 were selected at random from 3 urban and 4 rural areas in the Arkhangelsk region. Girls comprised 53.7% of the sample. Caries experience was assessed at D3 level by a single calibrated examiner. The prevalence of caries was estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Wilson's method. Caries experience was estimated using DMFT index and presented as means and 95% CIs. Dichotomous and numerical data were analysed by chi-squared tests and Mann-Whitney tests, respectively. RESULTS: The prevalence of caries was 83.4% (95% CI 79.2-86.9) with the mean DMFT of 2.95 (95% CI 2.70-3.20). On average, there were 1.56 (95% CI 1.37-1.76) decayed, 0.03 (95% CI 0.01-0.06) missing and 1.34 (95%CI 1.16-1.52) filled teeth. No gender differences in the prevalence of caries in any of the settings or in the full sample were observed. The overall caries experience was higher in urban than in rural areas (3.38 vs. 2.64, p = 0.001). The mean number of decayed teeth in urban areas was lower (1.29 vs. 1.77, p = 0.009), but the number of filled teeth was greater (2.02 vs. 0.85, p = 0.001) than in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence and experience of caries among 12-year-olds in the Arkhangelsk region is greater than in most European countries. Urgent public health measures at both population and individual levels are needed to improve the situation.

Prevalence of stunting, underweight, overweight and obesity in adolescents in Velsk district, north-west Russia: a cross-sectional study using both international and Russian growth references.

OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of stunting, underweight, overweight and obesity among adolescents in a predominantly rural district in north-west Russia, and to assess the agreement between the findings obtained using international and Russian criteria. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Body weight and height were measured in 1066 schoolchildren aged 14-17 years, and body mass index values were calculated. The prevalences of stunting, underweight, overweight/obesity and obesity were estimated according to the World Health Organization 2007 (WHO-2007), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 (CDC-2000), Russian and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria. Pearson's Chi-squared test and McNemar's test were used to compare categorical data. The agreement between estimates obtained using Russian and international criteria was assessed by Cohen's kappa. RESULTS: The prevalence of stunting was 3.3%, 5.2% and 4.5% using the WHO-2007, CDC-2000 and Russian criteria, respectively. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 10.3%, 8.6%, 8.6% and 9.0% as estimated using the WHO-2007, CDC-2000, Russian and IOTF criteria. The corresponding proportions for obesity were 4.7%, 2.6%, 2.3% and 2.0%, and for underweight were 3.6%, 3.1%, 2.3% and 1.8%. The Russian criteria led to lower estimates for the prevalence of overweight/obesity in boys but not in girls. The agreement between the estimates obtained using international and Russian criteria varied between 0.3 and 0.9 in boys and between 0.2 and 1.0 in girls. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of stunting was higher in the study population than in most European countries, whereas the prevalences of underweight, overweight/obesity and obesity were lower. The choice of reference population considerably influences the prevalence estimates. Moreover, the agreement between the estimates varies by gender.