[The significance of periodic gastric and duodenal motor activity in the clinical picture and combined treatment of patients with chronic acalculous cholecystopancreatitis]. / Znachenie periodicheskoi motornoi deiatel'nosti zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki v klinicheskoi kartine i kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh khronicheskim beskamennym kholetsistopankreatitom.

A total of 39 patients with chronic calculi-free cholecystopancreatitis were evaluated for the reoccurring motility (ROM) of the stomach and duodenum using the method of ionoballoonotensiocinesiography. All patients presented with different types ROM disturbances accompanied in most cases by duodenal hypertension, duodenogastric reflux and reflux-gastritis. The ROM state should be considered in prescribing pathogenetic combined conservative treatment. Principles allowing some judgement about the ROM state have been determined.

[Significance of gastric and duodenal motor function in guaranteeing full functional value of cholecystectomy]. / Znachennia motornoï funktsiï shlunka i dvanadtsiatipaloï kyshky v otsintsi funktsional'noï povnotsinnosti kholetsistektomiï.

Gastric and duodenal motor function was studied using ionoballoono-tensiokinesiography method in 77 patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis. Various periodic motor activity (PMA) infringements, both hypo- and hyperkinetic types, were diagnosed, mainly associated with duodenal hypertension, duodenogastric reflux and reflux-gastritis. Principles of pre- and postoperative correction of the PMA state for the guarantee of cholecystectomy functional full value were determined.

[The role of hormones from the mucosa of the gastric antrum in regulating gastric secretion]. / Rol' gormonov slizistoi obolochki antral'nogo otdela zheludka v reguliatsii zheludochnoi sekretsii.

Removal of antral mucosa obviously reduced the sensitivity of glandulocytes to pentagastrin in dogs with Basov-Pavlov fistulae. Activation of the endocrinal cells of the antral mucosa after fundal and antral parts separation exerted an opposite effect. The data obtained suggest that, along with gastrin, there is another hormonal factor facilitating the action of gastrin in the antral mucosa.

[Effect of various types of vagotomy on gastric secretion of histamine in dogs]. / Vliianie razlichnykh vidov vagotomii na gistaminovuiu zheludochnuiu sekretsiiu u sobak.

The chronic experiments on dogs with fundal fistulas have revealed that the partial stomach denervation (selective proximal, selective distal and subcardial vagotomies) decreases the gastric secretory responses caused by submaximal and maximal doses of histamine. Selective and extragastral vagotomies do not change the histamine gastric secretion in dogs, stimulated by the maximal histamine dose.

Selective pharmacological blockade of parasympathetic and enteric ganglia.

The blocking effects of two newly synthetized compounds, diisopropyldecylammonium iodide (IEM-1194) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyldecylpiperidinium chloride (IEM-1559), on insulin- and pentagastrin-induced gastric secretion in chronic dogs, on stress-induced changes in gastric mucosa in rats, on vagus-induced effects in heart and intestine, on arterial blood pressure and on synaptic transmission through isolated ciliary and superior cervical ganglia in cats were studied. The effects observed were compared with those produced by hexamethonium (C6), a conventional ganglionic blocking agent. Both IEM-1194 and IEM-1559 inhibited gastric secretion and acid output for a much longer time than C6 did and effectively protected gastric mucosa against stress-induced erosions and hemorrhages. IEM-1194 blocked the vagus-induced decrease in heart rate and increase in duodenal motility for a longer time than did C6 and also, in contrast to C6, did not reduce the arterial blood pressure. The blockade of synaptic transmission through isolated ciliary and superior cervical ganglia produced by IEM-1194 and IEM-1559 was characterized by lower EC50 and was more prolonged than that produced by C6. In addition, both IEM-1194 and IEM-1559 were more potent blocking agents in ciliary ganglion than in superior cervical ganglion. It is suggested that IEM-1194 and IEM-1559 are selective blocking agents for parasympathetic and enteric ganglia versus sympathetic ganglia.

[The effect of extragastric vagotomy on gastric emptying and motility of the small intestine]. / Vliianie ékstragastral'noi vagotomii na zheludochnuiu évakuatsiiu i motoriku tonkoi kishki.

Selective parasympathetic denervation of small and some large intestine has been performed in dogs. Chronic experiment on these dogs has revealed that this operation: has no effect on frequency and amplitude of intestine contractions during the first phase of the digestive process but it is accompanied by significant relaxation of the motor intestine activity in the second phase, causes a retardation of the rate of evacuation from stomach by 56.0% in dogs subjected to extragastric vagotomy as well as pH of chyme in the duodenum by 1-1.5 units above the norm.

[Preganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the intact and partially denervated rat stomach]. / Preganglionarnaia parasimpaticheskaia innervatsiia intaktnogo i partsial'no denervirovannogo zheludka u krys.

The preganglionic parasympathetic innervation of normal and vagotomized rat stomach have been investigated by the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. After the HRP injection into the antrum and fundus muscles the labelled cells were revealed in nuclei dorsalis nervi vagi bilaterally, but preferentially in the left nucleus. The most numerous labelled cells were observed after injection into the region of the curvatura minor. When HRP was injected into the vagotomized stomach one, three, four and six months after the surgery procedures the labelled cells in the nuclei nervi vagi were not revealed. Mechanisms of regeneration of nervi vagi efferents and normalization of the stomach activity are discussed.

[A comparative analysis of the effect of clofelin on gastric secretory function in man and dog]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz éffekta klofelina na sekretornuiu funktsiiu zheludka u cheloveka i sobaki.

It is established that clofelin suppresses the human and dog insulin gastric secretion as well as human basal and histamine secretion. Clofelin has no effect on the secretory function of the dog stomach, stimulated by pentagastrin, carbachol histamine. It is supposed that clofelin-induced suppression of the human histamine gastric secretion takes place due to the inhibition of basal secretory component being a part of the common secretory effect on histamine. Clofelin may be promising drug in the treatment of patients with hypertension and duodenum ulcer.

[Surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis associated with duodenal ulcer]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie khronicheskogo pankreatita, sochetaiushchegosia s iazvennoi bolezn'iu dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

In combination of the ulcer disease and pancreatitis with the aim to achieve simultaneous suppression of gastric hypersecretion and reduction of the secretory pancreatic activity, a method of operation--selective proximal vagotomy added by cutting the celiac branch of the right vagal trunk has been developed. In 42 patients, operated on using the suggested method, the pancreatic secretion, acid production and gastric motility were studied. At observation of up to 7 years, the excellent and good results were noted in 88.09% of patients.

[The species characteristics of the beta-adrenergic regulation of gastric secretion in man and dog]. / Vidovye osobennosti beta-adrenergicheskoi reguliatsii zheludochnoi sekretsii u cheloveka i sobaki.

In chronic experiment on dogs it has been established that the subcutaneous injection of equimolar doses of izadrine (nonselective beta-adrenergic agonist), alupent (moderately selective beta 2-adrenergic agonist) and salbutamol (predominantly beta 2-adrenergic agonist) suppresses the pentagastric secretion approximately in the same degree. The blockade of beta-adrenoreceptors by the anapriline intensifies the gastric secretion stimulated by pentagastrin. All investigated adrenoactive agents didn't effect the dogs' histamine gastric secretion. In healthy men the activation of beta 2-adrenergic receptors by alupent accompanied by the expressed intensification of basal, pentagastrin and submaximal histamine gastric secretion. The blockade of these receptors by anaprilin decreases the gastric secretion. It has been concluded that only beta 2-adrenoceptors take part in the gastric secretion regulation. Considerable specific differences in the reaction of gastric glands on the activation of beta-adrenoreceptors are revealed: in human beings it leads to the excitation, in dogs--to the suppression of secretory cells.

[Intragastric blood flow in the etiology of duodenal ulcer--new aspects of surgical treatment]. / Vnutrizheludochnyi krovotok v étiologii iazvennoi bolezni dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki--novye aspekty khirurgicheskogo lecheniia.

In the experiment on dogs and in patients with duodenal ulcer disease, it was established that the regulation of acid production besides the vagal nerves was mediated by the intragastric gastrin transport with the blood flow. A method of preoperative diagnosis of the intensity of intragastric blood flow permitting to define more accurately the indications for the choice of a method for surgical treatment has been developed. Supplementation of the selective proximal vagotomy with circular mucosectomy at the boundary between the antrum and body of a stomach enhances the effectiveness of operation due to reduction of the antral gastrin influence on the acid-producing zones of the stomach.

[Effect of vagotomy on intramural gastric plexus--the problem of reinnervation of the stomach after vagotomy]. / Vliianie vagotomii na intramural'nye nervnye spleteniia zheludka--problema reinnervatsii zheludka posle vagotomii.

In dogs, only fundus and body, or antrum were denervated. At the period of up to 5 years after vagotomy, no complete parasympathetic reinnervation of the stomach occurs.

[Effect of peritol on gastric secretory function]. / Vliianie peritola na sekretornuiu funktsiiu zheludka.

Peritol produces a marked inhibiting effect on the gastric secretory function in dogs with fistulas of the stomach and duodenum stimulated by insulin and carbacholin while the influence on the pentagastrin gastric secretion was weaker. In its effect on the histamine secretion peritol inhibits only the secreted juice pepsin. The practical importance of the above for clinical gastroenterology is suggested.

[The reciprocity of gastrin and cholecystokinin effects on the motor and evacuatory functions of the proximal section of the gastrointestinal tract in dogs]. / O retsiproknosti éffektov gastrina i kholetsistokinina na motornuiu i évakuatornuiu funktsii proksimal'nogo otdela zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta u sobak.

In dogs with fistulas in fundal and antral parts of the stomach and in the proximal part of jejunum, subcutaneous and i.v. administration of pentagastrin and i.v. administration of cholecystokinin caused reciprocal reactions in the stomach: pentagastrin suppressed the motility of fundal part and activated the contractions of antral part, whereas cholecystokinin activated the contractions of fundal part and suppressed the motility of antral part of the stomach. Excepting a more complex character of pentagastrin and cholecystokinin effects on the jejunum contractions, the responses were reciprocal as well. Pentagastrin exerts mainly a suppressing effect whereas cholecystokinin--an activating one. Possible biological significance of the hormones interactions while maintaining evacuatory function of the stomach, is discussed.

[Characteristics of the evacuatory function of the stomach when fat is added to the food]. / Osobennosti évakuatornoi funktsii zheludka pri dobavlenii v pishchu zhira.

In dogs with fistulas in fundal and antral parts of the stomach and in the duodenum, the influence of adding fat (margarine) to carbohydrate food (bread) on the stomach evacuation was studied. Progressive increase of fat (25, 50 and 75%) in the food stimuli delayed the stomach evacuation, the delay assuring no stability of caloric transport to the duodenum. Destroying of pyloric sphincter led to an acceleration of the stomach evacuation. The latter finding suggests that the pyloric sphincter plays a major role in the regulation of stomach emptying from the fat food.

[Serotonin effect on gastric secretion induced by various stimuli]. / O vliianie serotonina na zheludochnuiu sekretsiiu, vyzvannuiu razlichnymi ee vozbuditeliami.

Subcutaneous injection of serotonin (0.3 mg/kg) inhibited the carbocholine gastric secretion in dogs. The insulin secretion was suppressed only by the i.v. injection of serotonin. The latter decreased the blood flow in the stomach mucosa and intensified the motility of gastro-intestinal tract in hungry and replete dogs. The vagotomy and benzohexonium weakened the inhibitory serotonin effect on the secretion induced with peripheral stimuli. The effect of serotonin on the gastric secretion in the conditions of natural digestive process in discussed.

[Prevention of acute erosions and ulcers of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum after surgery]. / Profilaktika ostrykh érozii i iazv pishchevoda, zheludka i dvenadtsatiperstonoi kishki posle operativnykh vmeshatel'stv.

The authors have established that after different operations acute erosions and ulcers of digestive organs which are often complicated by bleedings and perforations arise in 67% of the patients. The method of complex prophylactics developed by the authors includes general measures (a rational preparation to the operation, adequate anesthesia, sparing method of operating, active management in the postoperative period) and special ones (the administration of cerucal, anabolic steroids, methyluracil and almagel). This method makes the amount of erosive-ulcerous affections 12-15 times less and practically prevents complications.