Investigating the distribution of microplastics in soils from e-waste dismantling sites and their adsorption of heavy metals.

Microplastics are characterized by strong hydrophobicity, large specific surface area. In addition to the pollutant they contain, the heavy metals adsorbed on the surface of microplastics can migrate or be transformed with them into the environmental medium, which is potentially harmful to humans. The distribution characteristics of microplastics in contaminated soil at the e-waste dismantling site were studied. The study investigated the adsorption characteristics of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) on copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb). It analysed the influence of various factors on the adsorption process of heavy metals, the adsorption law of microplastics on some of the heavy metals in the environment, and the risk of heavy metal release from microplastics to soil. The results showed that ABS and PP were the main microplastics in the contaminated soil. Among them, black, white and transparent microplastics accounted for 89.91%. The shape of microplastics is mainly granular, and microplastics with a particle size of 1-2 mm accounted for the largest proportion. Further studies showed that plastic particles made of ABS, PP and PVC also have the adsorption capacity for different types of heavy metals in soil, and the trends of adsorption capacity are: PP>PVC>ABS. When PP does not reach adsorption equilibrium in the adsorption process, the smaller the particle size and the more added amount, the greater the adsorption capacity. This is because the smaller the particle size of the microplastic is, the more adsorption points it can provide, increasing its ability to adsorb heavy metal ions.

Carding Behavior and Bearing Capacity of a Newly Developed Cylinder Card-Clothing Compatible with Cotton and Terylene Fibers by Nb Alloying of AISI 1090 Steel.

Changing the metallic card clothing on a carding machine is costly when the spinning mills want to card different fibers from cotton to terylene or vice versa. This article proposes a newly developed cylinder card clothing compatible with cotton and terylene fibers by Nb alloying of AISI 1090 steel so that the spinning mills can change the type of fiber without changing the card clothing. Based on an idea developed from classical carding balance theory to study the adaptability of the cylinder card clothing for cotton and terylene fibers, the wall shear stress was used as the basis for compatibility analysis of carding behavior and bearing capacity with cotton and terylene fibers and as the focus of this study. Nb alloying of AISI 1090 steel showed good wear resistance in carding areas after heat treatment with high hardness above 840 Hv0.2 and extremely fine grain grade of 13.5 class, which increased about 25% compared to conventional 80 WV. The testing results in the spinning mills, including one cotton and two terylene fibers, showed good performance with this newly developed card clothing. In conclusion, the card clothing made of Nb alloying of AISI 1090 steel can handle different fibers with acceptable carding performance.

Application of thermally treated sludge residues on an e-waste contaminated soil: effects on PTE bioavailability, soil physicochemical and biological properties, and L. perenne growth.

In the context of sustainable development, potentially toxic element (PTE) contamination of soil and large-scale disposal of sludge are two major environmental issues that need to be addressed urgently. It is of great significance to develop efficient and green technologies to solve these problems simultaneously. This study investigated the effects of a 5% addition of thermally treated sludge residues (fermentation and pyrolysis residues) in synergy with L. perenne on soil organic matter, mineral nutrients, PTE speciation, and PTE uptake and transport by L. perenne in an e-waste-contaminated soil through pot experiments. The results showed that the thermally treated sludge residues significantly increased soil electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, organic matter, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium contents. New PTE-containing crystalline phases were detected, and dissolved humic substances were found. Sludge fermentation residue significantly increased dissolved organic matter content, whereas sludge pyrolysis residue showed no significant effect. The combination of thermally treated sludge residues and L. perenne increased the residual fractions of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd. The thermally treated sludge residues promoted L. perenne growth, increasing fresh weight, plant height, and phosphorus and potassium uptake. The uptake of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd by L. perenne was significantly reduced. This approach has the potential for applications in the ecological restoration of e-waste-contaminated soils.

Mechanism and application of modified bioelectrochemical system anodes made of carbon nanomaterial for the removal of heavy metals from soil.

Bioelectrochemical techniques are quick, efficient, and sustainable alternatives for treating heavy metal soils. The use of carbon nanomaterials in combination with electroactive microorganisms can create a conductive network that mediates long-distance electron transfer in an electrode system, thereby resolving the issue of low electron transfer efficiency in soil remediation. As a multifunctional soil heavy metal remediation technology, its application in organic remediation has matured, and numerous studies have demonstrated its potential for soil heavy metal remediation. This is a ground-breaking method for remediating soils polluted with high concentrations of heavy metals using soil microbial electrochemistry. This review summarizes the use of bioelectrochemical systems with modified anode materials for the remediation of soils with high heavy metal concentrations by discussing the mass-transfer mechanism of electrochemically active microorganisms in bioelectrochemical systems, focusing on the suitability of carbon nanomaterials and acidophilic bacteria. Finally, we discuss the emerging limitations of bioelectrochemical systems, and future research efforts to improve their performance and facilitate practical applications. The mass-transfer mechanism of electrochemically active microorganisms in bioelectrochemical systems emphasizes the suitability of carbon nanomaterials and acidophilic bacteria for remediating soils polluted with high concentrations of heavy metals. We conclude by discussing present and future research initiatives for bioelectrochemical systems to enhance their performance and facilitate practical applications. As a result, this study can close any gaps in the development of bioelectrochemical systems and guide their practical application in remediating heavy-metal-contaminated soils.

Validation of Luminex immunological and competitive Luminex immunological assays for clinical immunogenicity assessment of a 14-valent recombinant human papillomavirus vaccine.

A novel virus-like particle (VLP)-based multivalent recombinant human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was developed and evaluated in human, including 14 HPV-type specific VLP antigens (HPV6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59). The pseudovirus-based neutralizing assay (PBNA) method is widely used for immunogenicity assessment of HPV vaccine in clinical trials. However, as many as 14 antigen-specific antibody levels need be determined, PBNA is, for many reasons, challenging and time-consuming. In this study, we developed a Luminex immunological assay (LIA) and a competitive Luminex immunological assay (cLIA). These methods increase the throughput, reproducibility and precision, as well as reduce the complexity. All assay parameters showed good characteristics in the validation of both methods, benefiting from highly purified and structurally correct VLPs, high specific antibodies, standard VLP-microspheres and PE-mAbs conjugating process, adequate assay development and stable system. Validation data support the use of both methods for immunogenicity assessment in clinical trials. LIA showed higher sensitivity than cLIA, and due to limited epitopes of mAb, cLIA detected lower antibody responses, and therefore, fewer antibodies. This work not only supports clinical trials of 14-valent HPV vaccines more efficiently and reliably, but also provides a set of validation strategies and usable standards for general vaccine immunogenicity testing.

Separation and recycling of Au and Ag from waste light-emitting diodes.

Waste light-emitting diodes (LEDs) contain rare and precious metals which have attracted wide attention due to their high resource. In this study, experimental research was conducted on the separation and recycling of Au and Ag from LEDs. Firstly, thermal treatment and sieving were done to separate and enrich the metals in LEDs. With the constant heating rate of 10°C/min to 450°C under air atmosphere, the metals could be effectively separated from organics and the rare metals Au and Ag mainly concentrate in particles with a diameter ≤600 µm, whose concentration is about 1816 and 1429 mg/kg, respectively. Then, a mix-acid system of HCl-CH3COOH was introduced to leach Au and Ag from the enriched sample. The results show that the HCl-CH3COOH system could effectively leach Au and Ag, and the leaching performance of Au and Ag can reach 95.4% and 96.2%, respectively under the recommended conditions (total acid concentration 5 mol/L, HCl:CH3COOH = 4:1, leaching temperature 80°C, solid-liquid ratio 1:100, leaching time 5 h). The study can provide a new option for recycling of waste LEDs, which also provide a more environment-friendly method for Au and Ag leaching from industrial wastes.

[Microorganisms used for bioleaching of metals from typical solid wastes and their leaching mechanism: a review].

Typical solid wastes contain many metal resources, which are worthy of recycling. The bioleaching of typical solid waste is affected by multiple factors. Green and efficient recovery of metals based on the characterization of leaching microorganisms and the elucidation of leaching mechanisms may contribute to the implementation of China's "dual carbon" strategic goals. This paper reviews various types of microorganisms used for leaching metals from typical solid wastes, analyzes the action mechanism of metallurgical microorganisms, and prospects the application of metallurgical microorganisms to facilitate the application of metallurgical microorganisms in typical solid wastes.

Indoor air particles in research vessel from Shanghai to Antarctic: Characteristics, influencing factors, and potential controlling pathway.

Despite millions of seafarers and passengers staying on ships each year, few studies have been conducted on the indoor air quality inside ship hulls. In this study, we investigated the levels and size distribution of indoor particulate matter during two cruises of the research vessel "Xuelong" from Shanghai to Antarctica. The results showed that the particle size less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), and particle size less than 10 µm (PM10) concentrations in different rooms of the ship widely varied. We observed high particulate matter (PM) levels in some of the rooms. The mass concentration distribution was dominated by 1-4 µm particles, which may have been caused by the hygroscopic growth of fine particles. The dominant factors influencing PM concentrations were indoor temperature, relative humidity, and human activity. We quantified contributions of these factors to the levels of indoor particles using a generalized additive model. In clean rooms, the levels of indoor particles were controlled by temperature and relative humidity, whereas in polluted rooms, the levels of indoor particles were mainly influenced by temperature and human activity, which implied that controlling temperature and human activity would efficiently reduce the levels of indoor particles.

Fate and health risk assessment of heavy metals in Brassica chinensis L. (pak-choi) and soil amended by sludge-based biochar.

Biochar is widely used in agriculture to efficiently solve the problem of sludge. In this study, sludge-based biochar (referred to as BC1, BC2, and BC3) was prepared by mixing sludge with FeCl3, Na2SiO3, and Ca (H2PO4)2, respectively. Then, it was mixed with fresh soil to plant Brassica chinensis L. The analysis of the effects of the three biochar types showed that all of them were beneficial to the growth of Brassica chinensis L. We added the biochar to the soil and found that the concentration of heavy metals did not exceed the recommended threshold. Additionally, the aboveground part of Brassica chinensis L. met the standard requirement for food safety (GB 2761-2017). Notably, BC3 stood out with the best effect on the growth of Brassica chinensis L. and resulted in the improvement of the physical and chemical properties of soil such as ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium (BC3 was followed by BC2 and BC1). BC3 could efficiently inhibit the migration of heavy metals, thereby reducing the overall heavy metal pollution level and ameliorating the soil nutrients. BC3 could increase the organic carbon by 258.92%, available phosphorus by 234.45%, and available potassium by 37.12% compared with the CK group. The THQ and TTHQ estimates of Brassica chinensis L. were lower than one, indicating that the health risk of heavy metal intake was not prominent. Additionally, the application of the proposed biochar could reduce the form of F1 (acid extracted state) and increase the form of F4 (residue state) in soil. Overall, we conclude that the application of the proposed biochar can promote the root absorption of heavy metals and inhibit the migration of heavy metals.

Spatiotemporal distribution and influencing factors of secondary organic aerosols in the summer atmosphere from the Bering Sea to the western North Pacific.

To better understand the formation process of biogenic and anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOA and ASOA) in the marine atmosphere under the background of global warming, aerosol samples were collected over three summers (i.e., 2014, 2016 and 2018) from the Bering Sea (BS) to the western North Pacific (WNP). The results showed that temporally, atmospheric concentrations of isoprene-derived SOA (SOAI) tracers were the lowest in 2014 regardless of the marine region, while atmospheric concentrations of monoterpenes-derived SOA (SOAM) tracers in this year were the highest and the aerosols were more aged than those in the other two years. In comparison, the concentrations of ß-caryophyllene-derived and toluene-derived SOA (SOAC and SOAA) tracers were relatively low overall. Spatially, the concentrations of SOA tracers were significantly higher over the WNP than over the BS, with SOA tracers over the BS mainly coming from marine sources, while the WNP was strongly influenced by terrestrial inputs. In particular, for land-influenced samples from the WNP, NOx-channel products of SOAI were more dependent on O3 and SO2 relative to HO2-channel product, and the high atmospheric oxidation capacity and SO2 could promote the formation of later-generation SOAM products. The extent of terrestrial influence was further quantified using a principal component analysis (PCA)-generalized additive model (GAM), which showed that terrestrial emissions explained more than half of the BSOA tracers' concentrations and contributed almost all of the ASOA tracer. In addition, the assessment of secondary organic carbon (SOC) highlighted the key role of anthropogenic activities in organic carbon levels in offshore areas. Our study revealed significant contributions of terrestrial natural and anthropogenic sources to different SOA over the WNP, and these relevant findings help improve knowledge about SOA in the marine atmosphere.

Immobilization of heavy metals in biochar by co-pyrolysis of sludge and CaSiO3.

Sludge pyrolysis has become an important method of sludge recycling. Stabilizing heavy metals in sludge is key to sludge recycling. Currently, research on the co-pyrolysis of sludge and industrial waste is limited. This study aims to explore the impact and mechanism of the co-pyrolysis of sludge and CaSiO3 (the main component of slag) and to achieve the concept of "treating waste with waste". To this end, we added different proportions of CaSiO3 (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%) for the co-pyrolysis with sludge, and varied the pyrolysis temperatures (300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 °C) and retention times (15, 30, 60, and 120 min) to study heavy-metal stabilization in sludge. Consequently, the optimum dosage of CaSiO3 required for the immobilization of different heavy metals was 9% (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr) and 15% (Ni). The contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Ni in the stable state (oxidized and residual states) were 92.73%, 79.23%, 99.55%, 92.43% and 90.33% respectively. At a pyrolysis temperature of 700 °C, the steady-state proportions of Cr, Pb, and Zn were 88.12%, 90.21%, and 77.21%, respectively. At a pyrolysis temperature of 400 °C, the stable-Cu and -Ni contents were 97.21% and 99.43%, respectively. The optimal dwelling time was 15 min. The results showed that the CaSiO3 addition weakened the O-H stretching vibration peak intensity, promoted the formation of aromatic and epoxy ring structures, and enhanced the heavy-metal immobilization. Furthermore, the CaSiO3 decomposition during co-pyrolysis produced SiO2, CaO, and Ca(OH)2, which helped stabilize heavy metals.

A Lightweight, Elastic, and Thermally Insulating Stealth Foam With High Infrared-Radar Compatibility.

The development of infrared-radar compatible materials/devices is challenging because the requirements of material properties between infrared and radar stealth are contradictory. Herein, a composite of poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) coated melamine foam is designed to integrate the advantages of the dual materials and the created heterogeneous interface between them. The as-designed PEDOT:PSS@melamine composite shows excellent mechanical properties, outstanding thermal insulation, and improved thermal infrared stealth performance. The relevant superb radar stealth performance including the minimum reflection loss value of -57.57 dB, the optimum ultra-wide bandwidth of 10.52 GHz, and the simulation of radar cross section reduction value of 17.68 dB m2 , can be achieved. The optimal specific electromagnetic wave absorption performance can reach up as high as 3263.02 dB·cm3 g-1 . The average electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness value can be 30.80 dB. This study provides an approach for the design of high-performance stealth materials with infrared-radar compatibility.

Molecular characteristics, sources and influencing factors of isoprene and monoterpenes secondary organic aerosol tracers in the marine atmosphere over the Arctic Ocean.

Biogenic secondary organic aerosols (BSOA) are important components of the remote marine atmosphere. However, the response of BSOA changes to sea ice reduction over the Arctic Ocean remains unclear. Here we investigated isoprene and monoterpenes secondary organic aerosol (SOAI and SOAM) tracers in three years of summer aerosol samples collected from the Arctic Ocean atmosphere. The results indicated that methyltetrols were the most abundant SOAI tracers, while the main oxidation products of monoterpenes varied over the years owing to different aerosol aging. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA)-generalized additive model (GAM) combined with correlation analysis suggested that SOAI tracers were mainly generated by the oxidation of isoprene from marine emissions, while SOAM tracers were probably more influenced by terrestrial transport. Estimation of secondary organic carbon (SOC) indicated that monoterpenes oxidation contributed more than isoprene and that sea ice changes had a relatively small effect on biogenic SOC concentration levels. Our study quantified the contribution of influencing factors to the atmospheric concentration of BSOA tracers in the Arctic Ocean, and showed that there were differences in the sources of precursors for different BSOA. Hence, our findings have contributed to a better understanding of the characteristics, sources and formation of SOA in the atmosphere of the Arctic Ocean.

A potential controlling approach on surface ozone pollution based upon power big data.

Surface ozone pollution has attracted extensive attention with the decreasing of haze pollution, especially in China. However, it is still difficult to efficiently control the pollution in time despite numbers of reports on mechanism of ozone pollution. Here we report a method for implementing effective control of ozone pollution through power big data. Combining the observation of surface ozone, NO2, meteorological parameters together with hourly electricity consumption data from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitting companies, a generalized additive model (GAM) is established for quantifying the influencing factors on the temporal and spatial distribution of surface ozone pollution from 2020 to 2021 in Anhui province, central China. The average R2 value for the modelling results of 16 cities is 0.82, indicating that the GAM model effectively captures the characteristics of ozone. The model quantifies the contribution of input variables to ozone, with both NO2 and industrial VOCs being the main contributors to ozone, contributing 33.72% and 21.12% to ozone formation respectively. Further analysis suggested the negative correlation between ozone and NO2, revealing VOCs primarily control the increase in ozone. Under scenarios controlling for a 10% and 20% reduction in electricity use in VOC-electricity sensitive industries that can be identified by power big data, ozone concentrations decreased by 9.7% and 19.1% during the pollution period. This study suggests a huge potential for controlling ozone pollution through power big data and offers specific control pathways. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42452-022-05045-5.

Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and Ca(H2PO4)2: heavy metal stabilization, mechanism, and toxic leaching.

The presence of unstable heavy metals in sewage sludge (SS) restricts its resource utilization. In this study, Ca(H2PO4)2 and SS were co-pyrolyzed to produce biochar, which contained relatively stable heavy metals. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission techniques were used to analyze the physical and chemical properties and heavy metal content of the biochar. The results indicated that co-pyrolysis of SS with Ca(H2PO4)2 resulted in the production of more stable heavy metals in the SS. The optimal co-pyrolysis conditions were a blended ratio of 15% Ca(H2PO4)2, 650 °C final temperature, 15 °C min-1, and 60 min retention time. The potential stabilization mechanisms of heavy metals were as follows: (1) organic decomposition and moisture (sourced from Ca(H2PO4)2 decomposition) evaporation resulted in greater biochar surface porosity; (2) phosphorous substances were complexed with heavy metals to form metal phosphates; and (3) the mixture reactions among inorganic substances, pyrolysis products of organics, and heavy metals resulted in the formation of highly aromatic metallic compounds. Additionally, the potential environmental risks posed by the heavy metals decreased from 65.73 (in SS) to 4.39 (in biochar derived from co-pyrolysis of SS and 15% of Ca(H2PO4)2). This study reports on a good approach for the disposal of SS and the reduction of its environmental risk.

Electrochemical oxidation of copper-clad laminate for manufacturing printed circuit boards via bioleaching by the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

The leaching and electrochemical oxidation of the copper-clad laminate for manufacturing printed circuit boards were investigated in systems with and without the fungus P. chrysosporium, which yielded the copper-leaching efficiencies of 54% and 7.0%, respectively. In particular, the formation of a biofilm on the electrode surface reduced the open-circuit potential and increased the corrosion level, and the degree of increase and the rate of change of the current density in the fungal leaching system were higher than those of the sterile system. In addition, the cyclic voltammetry curves showed oxidation peaks that correspond to the oxidation of Cu to Cu2+. Further, for the fungal leaching system, the peak potential was highly negative and the curve area and peak current density were relatively high. Moreover, the electrochemical polarization parameters and the impedance characteristics were affected by the fungus, and the leaching systems were controlled by charge transfer and diffusion. In summary, P. chrysosporium can accelerate the leaching of copper as a result of the formation of extracellular electron transfer-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (EET-MIC) and metabolite-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (M-MIC). The enzymes and organic acids, which act as fungal metabolites, participate in the leaching of copper.

Heterointerface Engineering in Electromagnetic Absorbers: New Insights and Opportunities.

Electromagnetic (EM) absorbers play an increasingly essential role in the electronic information age, even toward the coming "intelligent era". The remarkable merits of heterointerface engineering and its peculiar EM characteristics inject a fresh and infinite vitality for designing high-efficiency and stimuli-responsive EM absorbers. However, there still exist huge challenges in understanding and reinforcing these interface effects from the micro and macro perspectives. Herein, EM response mechanisms of interfacial effects are dissected in depth, and with a focus on advanced characterization as well as theoretical techniques. Then, the representative optimization strategies are systematically discussed with emphasis on component selection and structural design. More importantly, the most cutting-edge smart EM functional devices based on heterointerface engineering are reported. Finally, current challenges and concrete suggestions are proposed, and future perspectives on this promising field are also predicted.

Flexible and transparent silver nanowires/biopolymer film for high-efficient electromagnetic interference shielding.

Flexible and transparent conductive films are highly desirable in some optoelectronic devices, such as smart windows, touch panels, as well as displays and electromagnetic protection field. Silver nanowire (Ag NW) has been considered as the best material to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) to fabricate flexible transparent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding films due to its superior comprehensive performance. However, the common substrates supporting Ag NWs require surface modification to enhance the adhesion with Ag NWs. In this work, a flexible and transparent Ag NWs EMI shielding film with sandwich structure through a facile rod-coating method, wherein Ag NWs network were embedded between biodegradable gelatin-based substrate and cover layer. The interfacial adhesion between Ag NWs and gelatin-based layers was enhanced by hydrogen-bonding interaction and swelling effect without any pretreatment. The shielding effectiveness (SE) of the G/Ag NW/G (G represents gelatin-based layer) film reaches 37.74 dB at X band with an optical transmittance of 72.0 %. What's more, the flexible gelatin-based layer and encapsulated structure endow the resultant G/Ag NW/G film integrating excellent mechanical properties, reliable durability, antioxidation, as well as anti-freezing performance. This work paves a new way for fabricating flexible transparent EMI shielding films.

A breathable and flexible fiber cloth based on cellulose/polyaniline cellular membrane for microwave shielding and absorbing applications.

High-performance electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption and shielding materials integrating with flexibility, air permeability, and anti-fatigue characteristics are of great potential in portable and wearable electronics. These materials usually prepared by depositing metal or alloy coatings on fabrics. However, the shortcomings of heavy weight and easy corrosion hamper its application. In this work, the cellulose nanofiber (CF) fabric was prepared by electrospinning technology. Then, conductive polyaniline (PANI) was deposited on the CF surface via a facile in-situ polymerization process. The interweaving cellulose/polyaniline nanofiber (CPF) composite constructs a conductive network, and the electrical conductivity can be adjusted by polymerization time. Benefiting from optimal impedance matching, strong conductive loss, as well as interfacial polarization, the CPF possesses excellent EM absorption performance. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value is -49.24 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth (RL < -10 dB, fe) reaches 6.90 GHz. Furthermore, the CPF also exhibits outstanding electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capability with shielding efficiency (SE) of 34.93 dB in the whole X band. Most importantly, the lightweight CPF fabrics have the merits of mechanical flexibility, breathability and wash resistance, which is highly applicable for wearable devices.

Environmentally Friendly and Multifunctional Shaddock Peel-Based Carbon Aerogel for Thermal-Insulation and Microwave Absorption.

HIGHLIGHTS: The eco-friendly shaddock peel-derived carbon aerogels were prepared by a freeze-drying method. Multiple functions such as thermal insulation, compression resistance and microwave absorption can be integrated into one material-carbon aerogel. Novel computer simulation technology strategy was selected to simulate significant radar cross-sectional reduction values under real far field condition. . Eco-friendly electromagnetic wave absorbing materials with excellent thermal infrared stealth property, heat-insulating ability and compression resistance are highly attractive in practical applications. Meeting the aforesaid requirements simultaneously is a formidable challenge. Herein, ultra-light carbon aerogels were fabricated via fresh shaddock peel by facile freeze-drying method and calcination process, forming porous network architecture. With the heating platform temperature of 70 °C, the upper surface temperatures of the as-prepared carbon aerogel present a slow upward trend. The color of the sample surface in thermal infrared images is similar to that of the surroundings. With the maximum compressive stress of 2.435 kPa, the carbon aerogels can provide favorable endurance. The shaddock peel-based carbon aerogels possess the minimum reflection loss value (RLmin) of - 29.50 dB in X band. Meanwhile, the effective absorption bandwidth covers 5.80 GHz at a relatively thin thickness of only 1.7 mm. With the detection theta of 0°, the maximum radar cross-sectional (RCS) reduction values of 16.28 dB m2 can be achieved. Theoretical simulations of RCS have aroused extensive interest owing to their ingenious design and time-saving feature. This work paves the way for preparing multi-functional microwave absorbers derived from biomass raw materials under the guidance of RCS simulations.