The availability of teaching-pedagogical resources used for promotion of learning in teaching human anatomy.

Five hundred students attending higher education institutions in northeastern Brazil responded to questionnaires about their anatomy classes; students represented a variety of different health sciences disciplines. Analysis of the responses revealed the participation of teaching assistants in a large percentage of classes and the use of teaching resources, particularly images, from conventional radiographs to magnetic resonance images. The number of classes for cadaver dissection and the number of students with access to that type of class were small. In most cases, dissection was performed according to anatomic regions or systems. Medicine and nursing students had the highest number of practical dissection classes. Most students were assessed using practical and theoretical tests. Findings revealed conditions similar to those found elsewhere. Resources should be renewed and used to improve teaching for students whose courses demand the study of human anatomy.

Mestrado em educação Física da Universidade Federal de Sergipe: perfil, dificuldades e perspectivas / Master?s Degree Program in Physical education at the Federal University of Sergipe: profile, difficulties and perspectives

O presente artigo apresenta o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Sergipe (Mestrado em Educação Física), cujo início ocorreu no primeiro semestre de 2012. Tem como área de concentração Atividade Física, Saúde e Esporte e linhas de pesquisa: atividade física relacionada à saúde e qualidade de vida; fatores determinantes da prática e do rendimento esportivo; adaptações morfofuncionais do exercício físico. Está conceituado pela CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) com nota três, oferece seleção anual e está direcionado a graduados em Educação Física e áreas afins.

This paper presents the Physical Education Graduate Program at Sergipe Federal University (Master of Physical Education), which started in 2012. The areas of concentration are Physical Activity, Health and Sports, and under the following research directions: physical activity and health-related quality of life; determinant factors of practice and physical performance; morphofunctional adaptations of the physical exercise. The Program has been ranked by CAPES with a grade three, offering annual application for candidates graduated in physical education and related areas.

Anatomical study on the psoas minor muscle in human fetuses / Estudio anatómico del músculo psoas menor en fetos humanos

The anatomy of the psoas minor muscle in human beings has frequently been correlated with ethnic and racial characteristics. The present study had the aim of investigating the anatomy of the psoas minor, by observing its occurrence, distal insertion points, relationship with the psoas major muscle and the relationship between its tendon and muscle portions. Twenty-two human fetuses were used (eleven of each gender), fixed in 10 percent formol solution that had been perfused through the umbilical artery. The psoas minor muscle was found in eight male fetuses: seven bilaterally and one unilaterally, in the right hemicorpus. Five female fetuses presented the psoas minor muscle: three bilaterally and two unilaterally, one in the right and one in the left hemicorpus. The muscle was independent, inconstant, with unilateral or bilateral presence, with distal insertions at different anatomical points, and its tendon portion was always longer than the belly of the muscle.

La anatomía del músculo psoas menor, en los seres humanos ha sido a menudo vinculada con cuestiones de orden étnico-raciales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la anatomía del músculo psoas menor en relación a su presencia, puntos de origen e inserción, relación con el músculo psoas mayor y sus porciones tendinosa y muscular. Se utilizaron 22 fetos humanos (11 de cada sexo) que fueron fijados en solución de formalina al 10 por ciento por perfusión a través de la arteria umbilical. El músculo psoas menor se encontró en 8 fetos de sexo masculino, siete bilateralmente y apenas uno unilateralmente en el hemicuerpo derecho. En los fetos de sexo femenino, cinco tenían el músculo psoas menor, tres bilateralmente y dos unilateralmente, siendo uno encontrado en el hemicuerpo derecho y otro en el izquierdo. El músculo es independiente, inconstante, de presencia unilateral o bilateral, con la inserción en diferentes sitios anatómicos y su porción tendinosa siempre mayor que el vientre muscular.

Influence of respiratory muscle strength in evolution of patients with heart failure after cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of preoperative respiratory muscle strength in postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with heart failure undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: From March 2009 to September 2010, 40 patients admitted to the cardiology service of the Fundação de Beneficência Hospital de Cirurgia were divided into two groups according to the values of maximal inspiratory pressure measured by manometer: Group A (n = 21), composed of patients with normal respiratory muscle strength, and Group B (n = 19), patients with reduced strength. After pre-operative evaluation, all patients underwent the surgical procedure and followed until hospital discharge by the same researcher, who recorded on data collection especially its evolution for the presence of pulmonary complications after surgery, which was divided general and specific. RESULTS: 19% of patients in group A and 31.6% of patients in group B had pulmonary complications overall, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.29). Regarding the presence of specific complications, group A was 14.3% and 10.5% group B (P = 0.55). There was also no difference in the days of ICU stay and total (ICU + ward) between groups. CONCLUSION: In this study, preoperative respiratory muscle dysfunction does not seem to influence the evolution of heart failure patients for the presence of pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery.

Influência da força muscular respiratória na evolução de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca após cirurgia cardíaca / Influence of respiratory muscle strength in evolution of patients with heart failure after cardiac surgery

OBJETIVOS: Verificar a influência da força muscular respiratória pré-operatória na incidência de complicações pulmonares no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. MÉTODOS: De março de 2009 a setembro de 2010, 40 pacientes internados no serviço de cardiologia da Fundação de Beneficência Hospital de Cirurgia foram distribuídos em dois grupos, de acordo com os valores da pressão inspiratória máxima avaliada por meio da manovacuometria: Grupo A (n=21), composto de pacientes que apresentaram força muscular respiratória normal; e grupo B (n=19), pacientes com redução da força. Após a avaliação pré operatória, todos foram submetidos ao procedimento cirúrgico e acompanhados até o momento da alta hospitalar pelo mesmo pesquisador, que anotava na ficha de coleta de dados sua evolução, especialmente quanto à presença de complicações pulmonares no pós-operatório, que foi dividida em geral e específica. RESULTADOS: Dezenove por cento dos pacientes do grupo A e 31,6% dos pacientes do grupo B apresentaram complicações pulmonares gerais, sendo esta diferença não significativa estatisticamente (P=0,29). Quanto à presença de complicações específicas, o grupo A teve 14,3% e o grupo B 10,5% (P= 0,55). Também não houve diferença quanto aos dias de internação em UTI e total (UTI + enfermaria) entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Nesse trabalho, a disfunção muscular respiratória no pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca não foi considerada um fator de risco para desenvolvimento de complicações pulmonares no pós-operatório.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of preoperative respiratory muscle strength in postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with heart failure undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS: From March 2009 to September 2010, 40 patients admitted to the cardiology service of the Fundação de Beneficência Hospital de Cirurgia were divided into two groups according to the values of maximal inspiratory pressure measured by manometer: Group A (n = 21), composed of patients with normal respiratory muscle strength, and Group B (n = 19), patients with reduced strength. After pre-operative evaluation, all patients underwent the surgical procedure and followed until hospital discharge by the same researcher, who recorded on data collection especially its evolution for the presence of pulmonary complications after surgery, which was divided general and specific. RESULTS: 19% of patients in group A and 31.6% of patients in group B had pulmonary complications overall, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.29). Regarding the presence of specific complications, group A was 14.3% and 10.5% group B (P = 0.55). There was also no difference in the days of ICU stay and total (ICU + ward) between groups. CONCLUSION: In this study, preoperative respiratory muscle dysfunction does not seem to influence the evolution of heart failure patients for the presence of pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery.

The occurrence of the plantaris muscle and its muscle-tendon relationship in adult human cadavers / Presencia de músculos plantares y su relación musculotendinosa en cadáveres humanos adultos

Twenty legs from adult male cadavers were examined to analyze the anatomical relationships between the component parts of the plantaris muscle. This muscle was present in all of the cadavers and it was found that the length of the muscle in relation to its belly was approximately three times greater than in relation to the tendon.

Se estudiaron 20 miembros inferiores de cadáveres de adultos do sexo masculino con el fin de analizar la relación anatómica de los músculos plantares y sus partes constitutivas. En todos las piezas estudiadas este músculo estaba presente y fue observado que la longitud del músculo en relación a su vientre era aproximadamente tres veces superior a la del tendón.

Hypoalgesic effect of the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation following inguinal herniorrhaphy: a randomized, controlled trial.

UNLABELLED: We investigated the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for inguinal herniorrhaphy postoperative pain control in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Forty patients undergoing unilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy with an epidural anesthetic technique were randomly allocated to receive either active TENS or placebo TENS. Postoperative pain was evaluated using a standard 10-point numeric rating scale (NRS). Analgesic requirements were also recorded. TENS (100 Hz, strong but comfortable sensory intensity) was applied for 30 minutes through 4 electrodes placed around the incision twice, 2 and 4 hours after surgery. Pain was assessed before and after each application of TENS and 8 and 24 hours after surgery. In the group treated with active TENS, pain intensity was significantly lower 2 hours (P = .028), 4 hours (P = .022), 8 hours (P = .006), and 24 hours (P = .001) after the surgery when compared with the group that received placebo TENS. Active TENS also decreased analgesic requirements in the postoperative period when compared with placebo TENS (P = .001). TENS is thus beneficial for postoperative pain relief after inguinal herniorrhaphy; it has no observable side effects, and the pain-reducing effect continued for at least 24 hours. Consequently, the routine use of TENS after inguinal herniorrhaphy is recommended. PERSPECTIVE: This study presents the hypoalgesic effect of high-frequency TENS for postoperative pain after inguinal herniorrhaphy. This may reinforce findings from basic science showing an opioid-like effect provided by TENS, given that high-frequency TENS has been shown to activate delta-opioid receptors.