RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to record the course of peripartal udder oedema with ultrasonography in dairy cows and to investigate the therapeutic effects of diuretic furosemide. For this purpose, a device with a force sensor for the ultrasound probe was developed, which ensured the generation of data under similar pressure conditions and thereby repeatable and comparable results. In a pretrial with ten cows, ultrasonographic measurements were performed daily at four locations per udder quarter beginning 14 days ante partum until 14 d post partum. The main study included 50 dairy cows. The experimental group (n=25) received 500 mg furosemide intramuscularly on the day of calving, as well as on the first and second day post partum. The control group (n=25) was treated with 10 mL 0,9 % sodium chloride solution (NaCl) at the same timepoints. The experimental period was extended from 21 days ante partum until 21 days post partum and included 15 ultrasonographic measurements at three-day intervals. The measurements were performed at the teat base, which turned out to be the most suitable location in the pretrial. Quarter milk samples were collected on the day of calving, 7 and 14 days post partum. The average thickness of the udder oedema between the group treated with furosemide and the control group did not differ. In conclusion, a method for the ultrasonographic measurement of udder oedema under comparable applied forces was established. The teat base turned out to be a suitable location to monitor the characteristic temporal course of udder oedema. In the present study, treatment with furosemide did not have a measurable, positive effect on the severity of the udder oedema post partum in the study animals. Finally, further studies with a higher sample size are necessary to confirm this relationship.
INTRODUCTION: Le but de la présente étude était d'enregistrer l'évolution de l'Ådème de la mamelle périnatal par échographie chez les vaches laitières et d'étudier les effets thérapeutiques du diurétique furosémide. À cette fin, un appareil avec un capteur de force pour la sonde à ultrasons a été développé, ce qui a assuré la génération de données dans des conditions de pression similaires et ainsi des résultats reproductibles et comparables. Dans un essai préliminaire avec dix vaches, des mesures échographiques ont été effectuées quotidiennement à quatre endroits par quartier à partir de 14 jours ante partum jusqu'à 14 jours post partum. L'étude principale portait sur 50 vaches laitières. Le groupe expérimental (n=25) a reçu 500 mg de furosémide par voie intramusculaire le jour du vêlage ainsi que les premier et deuxième jours post-partum. Le groupe témoin (n = 25) a été traité avec 10 ml de solution de chlorure de sodium à 0,9 % (NaCl) aux mêmes moments. La période expérimentale a été étendue de 21 jours ante partum jusqu'à 21 jours post partum et comprenait 15 mesures échographiques à trois jours d'intervalle. Les mesures ont été effectuées à la base du trayon, qui s'est avérée être l'emplacement le plus approprié dans la phase préliminaire. Des échantillons de lait de chaque quartier ont été prélevés le jour du vêlage, 7 et 14 jours post-partum. L'épaisseur moyenne de l'Ådème de la mamelle entre le groupe traité au furosémide et le groupe témoin ne différait pas. En conclusion, une méthode de mesure échographique de l'Ådème de la mamelle sous des forces appliquées comparables a été établie. La base du trayon s'est avérée être un endroit approprié pour surveiller l'évolution temporelle caractéristique de l'Ådème de la mamelle. Dans la présente étude, le traitement au furosémide n'a pas eu d'effet positif mesurable sur la gravité de l'Ådème de la mamelle post-partum chez les animaux de l'étude. Enfin, d'autres études avec une taille d'échantillon plus élevée sont nécessaires pour confirmer cette relation.
Assuntos
Furosemida , Glândulas Mamárias Animais , Animais , Bovinos , Diuréticos , Edema/diagnóstico por imagem , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/veterinária , Feminino , Lactação , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/diagnóstico por imagem , Leite , Ultrassonografia/veterináriaRESUMO
It was the aim of this field study to evaluate two different protocols of ovulation synchronization for the treatment of ovarian cysts and their effect on reproductive performance in dairy cows. In addition, factors with a possible influence on treatment success and pregnancy outcome as well as costs per pregnancy were analysed. The study was performed with 130 German Holsteins with ovarian cysts diagnosed on days 55 to 60 postpartum. Cows belonging to group 1 (n = 65) received a modified ovsynch protocol [day 0: 0.15 mg cloprostenol (PGF) + 0.02 mg buserelin acetate (GnRH); day 14: PGF; day 16: GnRH]. Group 2 (n = 65) was treated with the conventional ovsynch protocol (day 0: GnRH; day 7: PGF; day 9: GnRH). Timed artificial insemination was performed 20 to 24 h later. Cows without ovarian cysts served as controls. Treatment success (disappearance of the ovarian cyst) after the first ovsynch cycle was higher in group 1 (66.2%) than in group 2 (23.1%, p < 0.05). Reproductive measures in group 1 were comparable with those of the control group and, compared with group 2, were conspicuously better (66.2%, 76.9%, 83.1%, 59.5% vs. 40.0%, 50.7%, 60.0%, 27.5% for cumulative pregnancy rate after treatment cycle 1 to 3 and second service conception rate, respectively, p < 0.05). Overconditioned cows and cows with larger ovarian cysts showed a diminished treatment and pregnancy success. In group 1, costs per pregnancy were only slightly higher than in the control group (group 1: 352.44, group 2: 484.59, control group: 333.77). In conclusion, our results suggest that ovsynch protocols can be used in the treatment of ovarian cysts. The modified ovsynch protocol led to a better cure rate as well as a better reproductive performance, and was economically beneficial compared with a conventional ovsynch protocol.
Assuntos
Busserrelina/administração & dosagem , Bovinos , Cloprostenol/administração & dosagem , Fármacos para a Fertilidade Feminina/administração & dosagem , Cistos Ovarianos/tratamento farmacológico , Cistos Ovarianos/veterinária , Indução da Ovulação/veterinária , Animais , Feminino , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Lactação , Modelos Logísticos , Período Pós-Parto , Gravidez , Taxa de Gravidez , ReproduçãoRESUMO
In dairy cows, hormonal treatments are commonly implemented for acyclicity, silent heat and endometritis. Before treatment, causes of infertility need to be detected and severe failures in housing, feeding or other diseases must be eliminated. Without sustainable improvement of herd management, the use of intensive hormonal treatments will not improve reproductive performance. The most common cause of anoestrous is silent heat. In cows with a palpable corpus luteum, injection of prostaglandin F2α (PGF) reliably induces oestrous. A satisfactory treatment for acyclicity (ovarian dystrophy, ovarian cysts) does not exist. Combinations of different hormones have greater treatment success than a single use of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Strategic use of PGF during the early postpartum period cannot be recommended because positive effects on uterus involution and resumption of the oestrous cycle after calving have not been verified. In contrast, application of GnRH combined with PGF in the puerperal phase appeared to have positive effects on fertility of cows with endometritis. The same applies to PGF for cows with chronic endometritis. Cases of endometritis with fetid odour of vaginal mucus or isolation of Trueperella pyogenes should be treated with antibiotics. Treatment before the 27th day post partum is not advisable. In conclusion, hormonal treatments can be used to treat fertility disorders. Nevertheless, in order to enhance the reproductive performance at the herd level, a sustainable improvement of the general conditions (housing, feeding, animal health, management) is a prerequisite.