RESUMO
A new energetic material, 2-azido-4,7-nitroamino-1H-imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazine (ANIP) with a highly sensitive azido group and its host-guest compounds (ANIP/H2O and ANIP/H2O2), and energetic salts were obtained. With the guest and protons in host molecules, an abundant hydrogen bond system can be formed. This results in high crystal density and good sensitivity, which suggests that the host-guest strategy is a promising way to balance the contradiction between energy and sensitivity and provides a new path to obtain a new generation of high energetic materials.
RESUMO
The present study comparatively analyzed the blood glucose and insulin concentration, the temporal and spatial expression of brain-gut peptides and the key enzymes of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in Japanese flounder by intraperitoneal injection (IP) and oral administration (OR) of glucose. Samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 24 and 48â¯h after IP and OR glucose, respectively. Results showed that the hyperglycemia lasted for about 10â¯h and 21â¯h in OR and IP group, respectively. The serum insulin concentration significantly decreased at 3â¯h (1.58⯱â¯0.21â¯mIU/L) after IP glucose. However, it significantly increased at 3â¯h (3.37⯱â¯0.341â¯mIU/L) after OR glucose. The gene expressions of prosomatostatin, neuropeptide Y, cholecystokinin precursor and orexin precursor in the brain showed different profiles between the OR and IP group. The OR not IP administration of glucose had significant effects on the gene expressions of preprovasoactive intestinal peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide and gastrin in intestine. In conclusion, brain-gut peptides were confirmed in the present study. And the serum insulin and the brain-gut peptides have different responses between the IP and OR administration of glucose. The OR could stimulate the brain-gut peptide expressions, which have effects on the insulin secretion and then regulate the blood glucose levels. However, in IP group, there is little chance to stimulate brain-gut peptide expression to influence the insulin secretion, which leads to a longer hyperglycemia.