[Medium and Long-term Carbon Emission Projections and Emission Reduction Potential Analysis of the Lingang Special Area Based on the LEAP Model].

Based on the existing statistical data of the Lingang Special Area in Shanghai and considering its future socio-economic development， industrial structure， and technological development， a LEAP-Lingang model was developed to analyze the evolution trends of energy demand and carbon emissions under the baseline scenario， low-carbon scenario， and enhanced low-carbon scenario. To enhance the prediction accuracy of the model， the Logistic population growth model was used to predict future population data， and the learning curve model was used to simulate the cost evolution trend of related carbon reduction technologies. In addition， an economic evaluation model for carbon reduction technologies was developed， and the economic costs and emission reduction potential of typical carbon reduction technologies were evaluated by drawing a marginal emission reduction cost curve. The results showed that under the enhanced low-carbon scenario， the renewable energy accounted for 69% of the primary energy consumption， and the electric energy accounted for 91% of the terminal energy demand in 2060. The Lingang Special Area could achieve carbon peak by 2030， and the carbon emissions in 2060 were predicted to decrease by 94% compared to that in the baseline scenario. In terms of contribution to emission reduction， clean energy substitution， industrial structure optimization， and terminal energy efficiency improvement played a key role in reducing carbon emissions near the port. In the medium term （until 2035）， they were predicted to contribute 35.1%， 27.3%， and 16.2% of carbon emissions， respectively， and in the long term （until 2060）， they should contribute 50.6%， 8.75%， and 7.7% of carbon emissions， respectively. Regarding specific carbon reduction technologies， hydrogen power generation； water electrolysis for hydrogen； and carbon capture， utilization， and storage （CCUS） technology were of great significance for achieving net-zero emissions， but the costs of emission reduction were relatively high. The research results can provide ideas and references for the low-carbon and green development of the Lingang Special Area and related areas.

Taste traces: Capsaicin and sweeteners as anthropogenic markers in municipal wastewater.

Dietary-derived substances possess significant potential as anthropogenic markers owing to the large consumption and different intake habit. To investigate and evaluate such markers, wastewater samples from 35 wastewater treatment plants across 29 Chinese cities were collected to analyze artificial sweeteners (acesulfame and cyclamate) and natural spicy compounds (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin). Acesulfame (mean: 14.6 µg/L), cyclamate (mean: 24.3 µg/L), and capsaicin (mean: 101 ng/L) can be further investigated as anthropogenic markers due to their high detection frequency at high concentrations. Spatial use patterns revealed that acesulfame (5.31 g/d/1000 inhabitants (inh)) and cyclamate (8.16 g/d/1000 inh) use in northern China notably surpassed that in southern China (1.79 g/d/1000 inh and 3.23 g/d/1000 inh, p < 0.05). Conversely, chili pepper use was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in southern China (6702 g/d/1000 inh) than in northern China (2751 g/d/1000 inh), signifying a preference for sweetness in the northern regions and a predilection for spiciness in the southern regions. The total annual use of acesulfame (1842 t), cyclamate (3110 t), and chili (18.4 million tonnes) in China was estimated by this study, which was close to the national statistical production. In addition, sweetener use was negatively associated with the elderly population ratio, suggesting that the elderly population might not consume sweet foods. This study reveals the dietary sources of anthropogenic markers, highlighting the need for further research on the environmental implications of such markers.

Effect of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection on the Clinical Outcomes of Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection has proven to be difficult to control and typically presents with devastating effects. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on the renal recipients at our institution between January 2021 to January 2022. Clinical data was collected to identify factors associated with CRKP infection and clinical outcomes. Results: There were 104 cases out of 186 total renal recipients who presented with at least one infection within 3 months after KT, and 14 cases developed unfavorable clinical outcomes. We identified 16 confirmed CRKP infected cases with the incidence of 8.60%. Possible donor derived infection (DDI) (OR = 6.743; 95% CI: 1.477-30.786; P = 0.014) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of CRKP infection of renal recipients in our analysis, CRKP infection (OR = 20.723; 95% CI: 3.448-124.547; P = 0.001) and pneumonia (OR = 28.458; 95% CI: 1.956-413.984 P = 0.014) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of unfavorable clinical outcomes following KT, and the occurrence of unfavorable clinical outcomes following KT were significantly associated with CRKP infection (r = 0.535; P < 0.001) and antibiotic regimen containing ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA) (r = -0.655; P = 0.006). The use of CZA was significantly different in the comparison of antibiotic regimens between the CRKP infected renal recipients with unfavorable outcomes and CRKP infected patients with favorable outcomes. Conclusion: It is possible that DDI can lead to CRKP infection, and CRKP infection and pneumonia were closely correlated with poor prognosis. The use of CZA may play a role in avoiding the unfavorable outcomes of CRKP infected recipients.

Estimating nicotine consumption in eight cities using sewage epidemiology based on ammonia nitrogen equivalent population.

Sewage epidemiology is a real-time tool used to monitor tobacco consumption. In this study, we investigated the tobacco consumption in eight cities in Jilin province using sewage epidemiology. We collected influent wastewater samples from ten wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that serve nearly four million people. Mean nicotine (NIC) loads ranged from 1.42 to 14.2mg/d/capita, whereas mean cotinine (COT) loads showed lower levels with 0.33 to 2.15mg/d/capita. Population size was estimated to provide an accurate and real-time population based on ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) concentration in influent. To verify the NH4-N equivalent population, we compared these results with the corresponding population estimated based on the expert knowledge of the local WWTPs operators. Daily consumption of NIC was estimated to be approximately 2.39±1.47mg/d/capita. Monte Carlo simulation was used to analyze uncertainty and variability in the number of cigarettes consumed by smokers in the range of 9.8 to 31.4 per day with a median of 16.9. The data of tobacco consumption in this study coordinated strongly with a traditional survey on the consumption of tobacco in China, indicating sewage epidemiology with NH4-N equivalent population estimation may provide a suitable and useful tool for tobacco use monitoring.

Trophic magnification of chlorinated flame retardants and their dechlorinated analogs in a fresh water food web.

Chlorinated flame retardants, particularly dechlorane plus (DP), were widely used in commercial applications and are ubiquitous in the environment. A total of seven species of aquatic organisms were collected concurrently from the region of a chemical production facility in Huai'an, China. DP and structurally related compounds including mirex, dechloranes 602, 603, 604, chlordene plus (CP), DP monoadduct (DPMA), and two dechlorinated breakdown products of DP, decachloropentacyclooctadecadiene (anti-Cl(10)-DP) and undecachloropentacyclooctadecadiene (anti-Cl(11)-DP), were detected in these aquatic organisms. Nitrogen stable isotope ratios were also measured to determine the trophic levels of the organisms. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) for these chemicals were calculated with values ranging from 1.0 to 3.1. TMFs for CP, mirex, anti-DP, and ∑DP were statistically greater than 1, showing evidence of biomagnification in the food web. Concentration ratios of anti-Cl(11)-DP to anti-DP showed a significant relationship with trophic level, implying that anti-Cl(11)-DP had a higher food-web magnification potential than its precursor. The biota-sediment accumulation factors and TMFs for DP demonstrated stereoselectivity, with syn-DP having a greater bioaccumulation potential than anti-DP in the aquatic environment.

Concentration, distribution, and human health risk assessment of endosulfan from a manufacturing facility in Huai'an, China.

Endosulfan concentrations and its distribution in air, soil, sediment and foodstuffs in the area surrounding a production facility in Huai'an, China were investigated because of its threats to the environment and human health. Air concentrations for endosulfan Ι, endosulfan II and endosulfan sulfate measured in this study were several orders of magnitude higher than those reported previously for this region. Surface soil concentration ranges of endosulfan I, endosulfan II, and endosulfan sulfate were greater than in sediment. Endosulfan II was the greatest contributor to total endosulfan concentrations in both surface sediment and soil followed by endosulfan sulfate and endosulfan Ι. However, a different concentration profile was observed in fish and crop samples, with endosulfan sulfate having the highest concentration followed by endosulfan I and endosulfan II. The concentration of Σendosulfans (endosulfans Ι and II) in soil decreased rapidly with increasing distance from the plant by a factor of 10 within 45 km. Trace amounts of Σendosulfans were observed in deep soil layers which implied that these compounds are transported through the leaching of pore water in soil. This demonstrated that emissions from the manufacturing facility can lead to ground water contamination in the area near the plant. A screening level human health risk assessment of Σendosulfans based on the worst-case scenario was performed for people living in the vicinity of the manufacturing facility. The hazard indices were at least 2 orders of magnitude of <1, indicating no adverse health effects are likely to occur at current exposure levels, and the risk to human health is generally acceptable.

Time-dependent density functional theory study on the hydrogen bonding-induced twisted intramolecular charge-transfer excited states of 2-(4'-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine.

In this work, the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method was carried out to investigate the hydrogen-bonded intramolecular charge-transfer excited state of 2-(4'-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (DMAPIP) in methanol (MeOH) solvent. All the geometric conformations of the ground state and locally excited (LE) state and the twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) state for isolated DMAPIP and its hydrogen-bonded complexes have been optimized. At the same time, the absorption and fluorescence spectra of DMAPIP and the hydrogen-bonded complexes in different electronic states are also calculated. We theoretically demonstrated for the first time that the intermolecular hydrogen bond formed between DMAPIP and MeOH can induce the formation of the TICT state for DMAPIP in MeOH solvent. Therefore, the two components at 414 and 506 nm observed in the fluorescence spectra of DMAPIP in MeOH solvent were reassigned in this work. The fluorescence peak at 414 nm is confirmed to be the LE state. Furthermore, the red-shifted shoulder at 506 nm should be originated from the hydrogen-bonded TICT excited state.