Effectiveness of bruxism treatment in young adults.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the developed algorithm for treatment and prevention measures aimed at eliminating clinical manifestations of bruxism in young people. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A cohort of 377 individuals aged 25 to 44 years underwent examination. Based on identified etiological factors, three distinct groups were delineated. Treatment and preventive strategies were then implemented and evaluated. Tailored treatment algorithms were devised for each group: Group one received selective grinding of supracontacts (up to 0.5-0.75 mm) and treatment for orthodontic issues utilizing removable and fixed orthodontic structures. Group two underwent finger self-massage of masticatory muscles, fabrication of biting dental splints, and anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Group three received sedative drug therapy in conjunction with psychiatric consultation, based on indications. Treatment efficacy was assessed 12 months post-initiation. Statistical analyses were conducted using Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft, Inc., USA) and Microsoft Office Excel 2010. RESULTS: Results: In cases where orthodontic pathology and supracontacts predominated (r=0.99, p<0.05), employing selective grinding and orthodontic treatment according to specific indications yielded significant efficacy. This approach resulted in a notable reduction in bruxism severity, corroborated by occludogram results 12 months post-treatment initiation. Notably, 90.0% of occludogram indicators fell within the 90-100% range, accompanied by a decrease in the BruxChecker abrasion facets area (p<0.05). Further, there was a substantial enhancement in occlusal contacts (Ck=0.68, Ck =0.71, Ck =0.93). In instances where TMJ pathology predominated with high reliability (r=0.98, p<0.05), effective normalization of masticatory muscle tone and alleviation of temporomandibular joint issues were observed. After 12 months, palpation revealed minimal tenderness in specific muscle areas and normalization of electromyography readings from initial indicators (p<0.05). Moreover, when the psycho-emotional factor primarily contributed to bruxism etiology (r=0.97, p<0.05), medical intervention proved effective. This approach led to bruxism disappearance and normalization of the psycho-emotional state within 12 months (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The conducted studies provide high-confidence evidence of the effectiveness of bruxism treatment when diagnosing the prevailing etiological factor and targeting its specific impact, leading to the normalization of all other factors, a reduction in bruxism intensity, and its complete disappearance.

IMMUNITY CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MAXILLOFACIAL ODONTOGENIC INFECTIONS DURING TREATMENT STAGES: AN ANALYSIS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Evaluate the expediency of using different methods of treatment for patients with acute purulent-odontogenic inflammatory processes in both the main and control groups. This assessment will be based on various indicators of non-specific immunity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: This study involved the evaluation of the humoral component of nonspecific immunity in 114 patients. We assessed changes in total protein and its fractions, C-reactive protein (CRP), lysozyme, and immunoglobulins (A, M, and G) during three distinct time intervals: 1-3 days, 5-7 days, and 8-14 days after treatment initiation. Statistical analysis was conducted using Statistica 10.0 (StatSoft, Inc., USA) and Microsoft Office Excel 2010. RESULTS: Results: At different postoperative follow-up periods, a significant improvement in humoral nonspecific immunity indicators (p>0.05) was observed when comparing patients treated with and without platelet-rich plasma. This improvement is expected to enhance reparative processes and expedite recovery. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The incorporation of platelet-rich plasma, immunocorrective, and adaptogenic therapy into the comprehensive treatment of acute purulent odontogenic inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial region not only leads to pronounced and enduring positive outcomes but also results in substantial improvements, including the potential normalization of key humoral and cellular factors associated with innate immunity.

FEATURES OF THE VARIATIVE MORPHOLOGY OF THE MANDIBULAR SECOND MOLAR USING CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To characterize the variations in the anatomical structure of the second lower molar. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: In order to determine the topography of the roots and root canals of the mandibular second molar, modern imaging methods were used: orthopan¬tomography and cone-beam computed tomography. RESULTS: Case report: During the analysis of the orthopantomogram of the patient, the three-root morphology of the root system of 37 teeth was revealed. That is, three roots were clearly visualized. After detecting an atypical shape of the root system of the mandibular second molar in the panoramic image, the patient was offered to perform cone-beam computed tomography (CPCT) for diagnostic purposes. Analysis by cone-beam computed tomography showed the presence of four mature roots of normal length, which were arranged in the shape of a diamond. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The four-root configuration is considered a rare form for mandibular molars, but it should be considered in endodontic interventions and, if possible, in the planning of such interventions, use cone-beam computed tomography.

DETECTION OF BREAST CANCERS REPRESENTED AS ARCHITECTURAL DISTORTION: A COMPARISON OF FULL-FIELD DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY AND DIGITAL BREAST TOMOSYNTHESIS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The aim of our study was to determine if digital breast tomosynthesis improves breast cancer detection associated with architectural distortion in comparison with full-field digital mammography in the absence of appropriate history of trauma or surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The overall rate of breast cancer involvement for the 34 patients with architectural distortion was 15 cases (44,1%) (invasive breast cancers, n=12 (36,4%); ductal cancer in situ, n= 3 (8,8%)) other findings associated with architectural distortion were high-risk lesions and benign findings (radial scar, n=5 (14,7%); sclerosing adenosis, n=9 (26,5%); typical lobular hyperplasia, n=3 (8,8%); typical ductal hyperplasia, n=2 cases (5,9%)). RESULTS: Results: Overall of 17/34 (50.0%) architectural distortions were identified at digital breast tomosynthesis that were missed at full-field digital mammography what was statistically significant difference ([95% CI, 2.56-7.45]; p=0.00001). Analysis of the results showed that sensitivity of full-field digital mammography for digital breast tomosynthesis detected breast cancers associated with architectural distortion was 53.3% [95% CI, 26.59% to 78.73%] and specificity was 52.63% [95% CI, 28.86% to 75.55%]. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Our study suggests that digital breast tomosynthesis detects more breast cancers represented as architectural distortion which are occult on full-field digital mammography. Presence of microcalcifications within architectural distortion, in the absence of appropriate history of trauma or surgery, has a high likelihood of malignancy and obligatorily requires biopsy.

THE QUALITY OF DRINKING WATER AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF DENTAL PATHOLOGY OF THE HARD TISSUES OF THE TEETH IN CHILDREN.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: A study of the impact of drinking water quality on the state of dental health in schoolchildren who permanently live in areas of biogeochemical deficiency of fluorine and iodine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Material and methods: The composition of the drinking water of the city of Uzhhorod and the city of Rakhiv has been investigated. The prevalence and intensity of dental caries in children is determined, drinking water is taken in accordance with Uzhhorod and Rakhiv. RESULTS: Results: The regional features of the composition of drinking water of the mountain Rakhivsky district of the Transcarpathian region are the high variety of combinations of mineral components and the frequent excess of the normative content of dry residue components, namely nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, magnesium and calcium.Water oxidation, total stiffness and total alkalinity were significantly different. The established drinking water quality indicators have a direct dependence on the prevalence and intensity of dental caries in children, that is, a significant increase in the number of carious temporary, carious and distant permanent teeth and a decrease in filled temporary and permanent teeth (p < 0. 05) were diagnosed. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: One of the most pressing problems in water hygiene is the urgent need to review and improve regulations, State sanitary regulations, standards and other regulations in the field of drinking water, including through the development of regional drinking water quality standards.

DIGITAL BREAST TOMOSYNTHESIS AND FULL-FIELD DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY IN BREAST CANCER DETECTION ASSOCIATED WITH FOUR ASYMMETRY TYPES.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Comparing sensitivity and specificity of digital breast tomosynthesis and full-field digital mammography in breast cancer detection associated with four different types of asymmetries according to BI-RADS Atlas. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Study included 201 patients with four types of asymmetries according BI-RADS atlas (asymmetry - 81 (40,3%), focal asymmetry - 82 (40,8%), global asymmetry - 36 (17,9%) and developing asymmetry - 2 (1,0%)) who underwent full-field digital mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis and hand-held full breast ultrasound from January 2017 to June 2018. The general rate of breast cancer for the 201 patients with asymmetries was 8 cases (4,0%) (IBC, n=6 (3,0%); DCIS, n=2 (1,0%) other findings associated with asymmetries were non-malignant, n=10 (5,0%) (sclerosing adenosis, n=5 (2,5%); fibroadenomatosis, n=3 (1,5%); simple cyst, n=1 (0,5%); radial scar associated with papilloma, typical ductal hyperplasia and sclerosing adenosis, n=1 (0,5%). RESULTS: Results: Analysis of the results showed that sensitivity of digital breast tomosynthesis was 75.0% [95% CI, 34.91% to 96.81%] and specificity was 94.8% [95% CI, 90.68% to 97.49%] which was superior to full-field digital mammography sensitivity 50.0% [95% CI, 15.70% to 84.30%] and specificity 91.19% [95% CI, 86.27% to 94.78%] for breast cancer detection associated with different types of asymmetries. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Using of digital breast tomosynthesis in assessment of breast asymmetries can improve sensitivity and specificity in breast cancer detection and reduce number of unnecessary biopsies and short-interval follow-up examinations.