[Multiple giant ureteral lithiasis]. / Litiasis ureteral gigante múltiple.

OBJECTIVES: Ureteral calculi are usually small and arise from the kidney. The term 'giant' has been applied to ureteral stones that are more than 5 cms in length and/or 50 gms or more in weight. The low incidence of this condition prompted us to report this case. METHODS/RESULTS: Herein we describe a patient with multiple giant ureteral calculi with no evidence of underlying ureteral lesion, who required nephroureterectomy due to the damage caused to the renal unit by the obstructive uropathy. The literature is briefly reviewed, with special reference to the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. CONCLUSIONS: Giant ureteral calculi are uncommon. They may cause scanty urological symptoms and might therefore be missed. If undiagnosed, renal function may be compromised by the obstructive uropathy.

[Megacalycosis and lithiasis]. / Megacalicosis y enfermedad litiásica.

OBJECTIVES: Megacalycosis or Puigvert's disease is a clinical entity characterized by dilatation of all renal calyces without dilatation of the renal pelvis or ureter in the absence of any obstructive factor. To date, its pathogenesis remains unclear. The rarity of this disease and the importance of making a correct differential diagnosis prompted us to report on the present case. METHODS/RESULTS: Two patients with urolithiasis associated with ipsilateral megacalyces who were successfully treated by ESWL are described. The clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects reported in the literature are briefly reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: There is a greater lithogenic predisposition in these patients. Intravenous urography has proved to be very accurate in making the differential diagnosis from other disorders such as obstructive uropathy and intermittent hydronephrosis. The efficacy of ESWL in the treatment of lithiasis associated with megacalycosis is underscored. A yearly control follow up by analyses and intravenous urography is advocated.

[Cystic pyeloureteritis. A diagnosis to keep in mind]. / Pieloureteritis quística. Un diagnóstico a tener en cuenta.

OBJECTIVES: Cystic pyeloureteritis is a disease entity of unknown etiology and unspecific symptoms. It is incidentally detected and is difficult to distinguish from other disorders showing filling defects on urographic evaluation. All the foregoing prompted us to report the present case. METHODS/RESULTS: We report a case of cystic pyeloureteritis that had been diagnosed during ureterorenoscopy in a patient with lithiasis and recurrent urinary tract infection. The etiopathogenesis, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects described in the literature are briefly reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: We underscore the importance of confirming the diagnosis by endoscopic and cytological studies. Conservative management is advocated. Patient follow up should include urinalysis, urine culture and cytology twice yearly and intravenous urography once a year.

[Benign retroperitoneal schwannoma]. / Schwannoma retroperitoneal benigno.

Herein we describe a case of benign retroperitoneal schwannoma, an uncommon lesion that had been incidentally discovered. The different terms used to refer to this disease entity, its histological features, diagnosis and treatment are discussed.