Cobertura vacinal contra influenza em gestantes da região Sudeste do Brasil: análise de 2010­2020 / Influenza vaccination coverage in pregnant women in the Southeast region of Brazil: analysis from 2010 to 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a cobertura vacinal contra a influenza em gestantes na região Sudeste do Brasil, nos anos de 2010 a 2020. Métodos:Estudo ecológico, de série temporal, realizado com dados do Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunizações (SI-PNI), referentes aos registros de doses da vacina contra influenza em gestantes no estado de Minas Gerais. Resultados: A cobertura vacinal adequada foi alcançada em apenas quatro dos 11 anos estudados, variando de 49,75% em 2011 a 88,5% em 2015. No ano de 2020 foi alcançado 80,82%. Possíveis determinantes são discutidos em uma perspectiva ampliada, que pode subsidiar planejamento de ações em todo o país. Conclusão: A cobertura vacinal contra Influenza nas gestantes apresentou, em sua maior parte, uma tendência estacionária, apontando para a possível necessidade de educação permanente dos profissionais de saúde envolvidos no pré-natal, qualificação de suas ações na área de educação em saúde para esclarecer dúvidas das gestantes sobre a temática.

Objective: To analyze the influenza vaccination coverage in pregnant women in the Southeast region of Brazil between years 2010 and 2020. Methods: An ecological, time series study conducted with data from the National Immunization Program Information System (SI-PNI) referring to records of doses of influenza vaccine in pregnant women in the state of Minas Gerais. Results:Adequate vaccination coverage was achieved in only four out of the 11 years studied, ranging from 49.75% in 2011 to 88.5% in 2015. In 2020, the rate of 80.82% was reached. Possible determinants are discussed in an expanded perspective that can support the planning of actions across the country. Conclusion: Influenza vaccination coverage in pregnant women showed a stagnation trend for the most part, pointing to the possible need for continuing education of health professionals involved in antenatal care and qualification of their actions in the area of health education to clarify pregnant women's doubts on the subject.

Efeito do exercício de respiração lenta e guiada na pressão arterial de idosos hipertensos institucionalizados / Effect of slow and guided breathing exercise on blood pressure in institutionalized hypertensive elderly

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do exercício de respiração lenta e guiada sobre a pressão arterial em idosos hipertensos estágios 1 e 2 de uma instituição de longa permanência. Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, randomizado e aberto com 31 idosos divididos em dois grupos. O grupo intervenção realizou exercícios de respiração lenta e guiada com auxílio do dispositivo Resperate® por 15 minutos, três vezes por semana, durante oito semanas. O grupo controle utilizou um aparelho de MP3 para ouvir música relaxante no mesmo período. Um dispositivo oscilométrico automático foi usado para medição da pressão arterial. O grupo intervenção apresentou redução significativa (p < 0,05) na pressão arterial sistólica após oito semanas (de 149,8±10,4 mmHg para 141,5 ± 3,4 mmHg) e na pressão diastólica (de 93,2±4,8 mmHg para 88,3±3,8 mmHg). Concluiu-se que o exercício de respiração lenta e guiada pode ser uma alternativa no tratamento não medicamentoso para hipertensos residentes instituições de longa permanência.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of device-guided slow breathing exercises on the hypertensive elderly individuals' blood pressure, in stages 1 and 2 of a long-term institution. It is a prospective, randomized, open-label study with elderly people divided into two groups. The intervention group used the Resperate® device to guide breathing exercises for 15 minutes, three times a week for eight weeks. The control group used an MP3 device listening to relaxing music during the same period. An automatic oscillometric device was used to measure blood pressure. The intervention group had a significant reduction (p <0.05) in systolic blood pressure after eight weeks (149.8 ± 10.4 mmHg to 141.5 ± 3.4 mmHg) and diastolic pressure (93.2 ± 4.8 mmHg to 88.3 ± 3.8 mmHg). It is concluded that the slow and guided breathing exercise can be an alternative in the non-medication treatment for hypertensive residents of long-term institutions.

CCL3, CCL5, IL-15, IL-1Ra and VEGF compose a reliable algorithm to discriminate classes of adverse events following 17DD-YF primary vaccination according to cause-specific definitions.

In the present study, a range of serum biomarkers were quantified in suspected cases of adverse events following YF immunization (YEL-AEFI) to propose a reliable laboratorial algorithm to discriminate confirmed YEL-AEFI ("A1" class) from cases with other illnesses ("C" class). Our findings demonstrated that increased levels of CXCL8, CCL2, CXCL10, IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α were observed in YEL-AEFI ("A1" and "C" classes) as compared to primary vaccines without YEL-AEFI [PV(day 3-28)] and reference range (RR) controls. Notably, increased levels of CCL3, CCL4, CCL2, CCL5, IL-1ß, IL-15, IL-1Ra and G-CSF were found in "A1" as compared to "C" class. Venn diagrams analysis allowed the pre-selection of biomarkers for further analysis of performance indices. Data demonstrated that CCL3, CCL5, IL-15 and IL-1Ra presented high global accuracy (AUC = 1.00) to discriminate "A1" from "C". Decision tree was proposed with a reliable algorithm to discriminate YEL-AEFI cases according to cause-specific definitions with outstanding overall accuracy (91%). CCL3, CCL5, IL-15 and IL-1Ra appears as root attributes to identify "A1" followed by VEGF as branch nodes to discriminate Wild Type YFV infection ("C(WT-YFV)") from cases with other illnesses ("C*"). Together, these results demonstrated the applicability of serum biomarker measurements as putative parameters towards the establishment of accurate laboratorial tools for complementary differential diagnosis of YEL-AEFI cases.

Higiene oral: atuação da equipa de enfermagem em ambiente hospitalar / Oral hygiene: performance of the nursing team in a hospital environment / Higiene oral: la actuación del equipo de enfermería en el entorno hospitalario

Enquadramento: A higiene oral é um cuidado essencial na assistência de enfermagem. A sua realização auxilia na prevenção de doenças bucais e sistémicas. Objetivo: Identificar a atuação da equipa de enfermagem na higiene oral em ambiente hospitalar. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa realizado com profissionais de enfermagem, que atuam na área hospitalar. Foi aplicado um questionário contendo informações sociodemográficas, do trabalho e da atuação dos participantes na higiene oral. Resultados: Cento e quatorze profissionais de enfermagem participaram do estudo, dentre estes, 75,4% relataram que não realizaram a higiene oral no último turno e 44,7% da equipa sugeriu que o doente o fizesse. A sobrecarga de trabalho e a alta rotatividade de doentes foram citadas como impedimentos para realização deste cuidado. Conclusão: A equipa de enfermagem percebe a higiene oral como um cuidado essencial ao doente, contudo a atuação na prática da higiene oral tem sido negligenciada. Neste contexto, este estudo aponta para a necessidade de fornecer atividades de educação permanente sobre esse cuidado em ambiente hospitalar.

Background: Oral hygiene is essential in nursing care. It helps in the prevention of oral and systemic diseases. Objective: To identify the performance of the nursing team in oral hygiene in a hospital environment. Methodology: Exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach carried out with nursing professionals who work in the hospital environment. A questionnaire was applied to participants about their sociodemographic and professional characteristics and the performance of oral hygiene. Results: A total of 114 nursing professionals participated in this study. Of these, 75.4% of participants reported that they had not performed oral hygiene in the last shift, and 44.7% of the team members suggested that the patient should do so. Work overload and high patient turnover were mentioned as constraints to the performance of oral care. Conclusion: The nursing staff perceives oral hygiene as a part of essential patient care; however, oral hygiene practice has been neglected. This study points to the need to provide continuing education activities on this type of care in the hospital environment.

Marco contextual: La higiene oral es un cuidado esencial en la atención de enfermería. Su realización ayuda a la prevención de enfermedades orales y sistémicas. Objetivo: Identificar la actuación del equipo de enfermería en la higiene bucal en un ambiente hospitalario. Metodología: Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, transversal y de enfoque cuantitativo realizado con profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en el área hospitalaria. Se aplicó un cuestionario que contenía información sociodemográfica sobre el trabajo y la actuación de los participantes en la higiene bucal. Resultados: Ciento catorce profesionales de enfermería participaron en el estudio, de ellos el 75,4% informó de que no realizaron la higiene bucal en el último turno y el 44,7% del equipo sugirió que el paciente lo hiciera. La sobrecarga de trabajo y la alta rotación de pacientes se citaron como impedimentos para realizar esta atención. Conclusión: El equipo de enfermería considera la higiene bucal como un cuidado esencial para el paciente, sin embargo, esta práctica de la higiene bucal se ha descuidado. En este contexto, el presente estudio señala la necesidad de realizar actividades de educación permanente en torno a este tipo de cuidado en un entorno hospitalario.

Antihypertensive treatment adherence in workers of a General Hospital.

OBJECTIVE: to assess antihypertensive treatment adherence and associated factors in workers from a hospital. METHOD: cross-sectional research, consisting of 108 workers who self-reported as being hypertensive. Associations between sociodemographic, work and health variables were assessed regarding adherence. RESULTS: the mean age was 44.2 years, with predominance of the female sex and workers from the nursing area. Through blood pressure measurement, 25% of participants were classified as non-controlled hypertensive patients. Approximately 88% reported taking some sort of medication; however, 79.6% did not adhere to the antihypertensive treatment. In the multiple regression analysis, the independent factors for non-adherence were hypercholesterolemia (OR=8.10; p=0.024) and missing medical appointments (OR=4.06; p=0.048). CONCLUSION: we verified a significant percentage of non-adherence. Since hypertension and cholesterol are asymptomatic diseases that require continuous treatment, hypertensive patients have difficulties to understand the importance of adhering to the treatment, even being health professionals or working in hospitals.

Antihypertensive treatment adherence in workers of a General Hospital / Adhesión al tratamiento antihipertensivo en trabajadores de un Hospital General / Adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo em trabalhadores de um Hospital Geral

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess antihypertensive treatment adherence and associated factors in workers from a hospital. Method: cross-sectional research, consisting of 108 workers who self-reported as being hypertensive. Associations between sociodemographic, work and health variables were assessed regarding adherence. Results: the mean age was 44.2 years, with predominance of the female sex and workers from the nursing area. Through blood pressure measurement, 25% of participants were classified as non-controlled hypertensive patients. Approximately 88% reported taking some sort of medication; however, 79.6% did not adhere to the antihypertensive treatment. In the multiple regression analysis, the independent factors for non-adherence were hypercholesterolemia (OR=8.10; p=0.024) and missing medical appointments (OR=4.06; p=0.048). Conclusion: we verified a significant percentage of non-adherence. Since hypertension and cholesterol are asymptomatic diseases that require continuous treatment, hypertensive patients have difficulties to understand the importance of adhering to the treatment, even being health professionals or working in hospitals.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la adhesión al tratamiento antihipertensivo en los trabajadores de una institución hospitalaria y los factores asociados. Método: investigación transversal, compuesta por 108 trabajadores que se autorrefirieron hipertensos. Se analizaron relaciones entre variables sociodemográficas, de trabajo y salud con la adhesión. Resultados: la edad media fue de 44,2 años, con predominio del sexo femenino y trabajadores del área de enfermería. Mediante la medición de la presión arterial, el 25 % fueron clasificados como hipertensos no controlados. Alrededor del 88 % declararon tomar algún medicamento, sin embargo, el 79,6 % no adherían a tratamiento antihipertensivo. En el análisis de regresión múltiple, los factores independientes para la no adhesión fueron la hipercolesterolemia (OR=8,10; p=0,024), así como la falta del paciente a la consulta médica (OR=4,06; p=0,048). Conclusión: se constató porcentaje de no adhesión expresivo. Debido a que la hipertensión y el colesterol alto son enfermedades asintomáticas y de tratamiento continuo, el paciente hipertenso tiene dificultades para comprender la importancia de la adhesión al tratamiento, incluso siendo un profesional de la salud o trabajando en un entorno hospitalario.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo nos trabalhadores de uma instituição hospitalar e os fatores associados. Método: pesquisa transversal, composta por 108 trabalhadores que se autorreferiram hipertensos. Foram analisadas associações entre variáveis sociodemográficas, de trabalho e saúde com adesão. Resultados: a idade média foi de 44,2 anos, com predomínio do sexo feminino e trabalhadores da área de enfermagem. Por meio da medida da pressão arterial, 25% foram classificados hipertensos não controlados. Aproximadamente 88% referiram tomar algum medicamento, porém, 79,6% não aderiam ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo. Na análise de regressão múltipla, os fatores independentes para a não adesão foram a hipercolesterolemia (OR=8,10; p=0,024) e faltar à consulta médica (OR=4,06; p=0,048). Conclusão: constatou-se percentual de não adesão expressivo. Em razão da hipertensão e o colesterol serem doenças assintomáticas e de tratamento contínuo, o paciente hipertenso tem dificuldades de compreender a importância da adesão ao tratamento, mesmo sendo um profissional da saúde ou trabalhando em ambiente hospitalar.

Effects of long term device-guided slow breathing on sympathetic nervous activity in hypertensive patients: a randomized open-label clinical trial.

PURPOSE: Device-guided slow breathing (DGB) is indicated as nonpharmacological treatment for hypertension. The sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) reduction may be one of the mechanisms involved in blood pressure (BP) decrease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term use of DGB in BP and SNA. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Hypertensive patients were randomized to listen music (Control Group-CG) or DGB (aim to reduce respiratory rate to less than 10 breaths/minute during 15 minutes/day for 8 weeks). Before and after intervention ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), catecholamines and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) by microneurography were performed. RESULTS: 17 volunteers in the DGB and 15 in the CG completed the study. There was no change in office BP before and after intervention in both groups. There was a reduction in systolic and diastolic BP in the awake period by ABPM only in the CG (131 ± 10/92 ± 9 vs 128 ± 10/88 ± 8mmHg, p < 0.05). In relation to SNA, no difference in catecholamines was observed. In the volunteers who had a microneurography record, there was no change the MSNA (bursts/minute): DGB (17(15-28) vs 19(13-22), p = 0.08) and CG (22(17-23) vs 22(18-24), p = 0.52). CONCLUSION: Long-term DGB did not reduce BP, catecholamines levels or MSNA in hypertensive patients. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01390727.

Obesidade e sobrepeso em trabalhadores da enfermagem de um hospital público em São José dos Campos ­ SP / Obesity and overweight in nursing workers of a public hospital in São José dos Campos ­ SP

Este estudo descritivo, exploratório, transversal, quantitativo, teve por objetivos caracterizar as variáveis sociodemográfi cas e analisar o perfi l de obesidade e sobrepeso em profi ssionais de enfermagem. A amostra constituiu-se de 326 trabalhadores de enfermagem de um Hospital geral de São José dos Campos - SP. Observou-se predomínio de mulheres, etnia branca, idade entre 30 e 40 anos, casadas, com renda familiar média de 5 salários mínimos. Quanto aos hábitos, 39,0% ingeriam bebida alcoólica, 9,9% eram tabagistas, 78,4% consumiam alimentos processados e in natura, 38,1% usavam tempero industrializado e 13,3% acrescentavam sal nos alimentos depois de pronto. A maioria (66,7%) era sedentária e estava acima do peso (60%). Dos 69 (21,1%) obesos, 79,9% eram mulheres e 20,3% homens. A obesidade prevaleceu, entre os homens na faixa de 30 anos, sedentários e que tinham por hábito fumar e beber. Nas mulheres, a obesidade tendeu a aumentar a partir de 40 anos (54,5%). Destas, 90,9%, além de obesas, eram sedentárias. É fundamental o acompanhamento multiprofi ssional para o aconselhamento para hábitos saudáveis, afi m de seguirem práticas apropriadas à prevenção e promoção à saúde

This descriptive, exploratory, cross - sectional, quantitative study aimed to characterize sociodemographic variables and analyze the profi le of obesity and overweight in nursing professionals. The sample consisted of 326 nursing workers from a general hospital in São José dos Campos - SP. It was observed a predominance of women, white ethnicity, age between 30 and 40 years, married, with average family income of 5 minimum wages. As for the habits, 39.0% ingested alcoholic beverages, 9.9% were smokers, 78.4% consumed processed and in natural foods, 38.1% used industrialized seasoning and 13.3% added salt to foods after they are ready. The majority (66.7%) were sedentary and were overweight (60%). Of the 69 (21.1%) obese, 79.9% were female and 20.3% male. Obesity prevailed among men in the 30-year age group, who were sedentary and had a habit of smoking and drinking. In women, obesity tended to increase from 40 years (54.5%). Of these, 90.9%, besides being obese, were sedentary. It is fundamental the multi-professional accompaniment for the advice to healthy habits, in order to follow appropriate practices to the prevention and promotion to the health

Post-Exercise Hypotension Is Mediated by a Decrease in Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Stages 2-3 CKD.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed at evaluating the after effects of a single bout of aerobic exercise on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure (BP) in stages 2-3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We hypothesized that CKD patients present a greater decline in these variables after the exercise than healthy individuals. METHODS: Nine patients with stages 2-3 CKD (50 ± 8 years) and 12 healthy volunteers (50 ± 5 years) underwent 2 sessions, conducted in a random order: exercise (45 min, cycle ergometer, 50% of peak oxygen uptake) and rest (seated, 45 min). Sixty minutes after either intervention, MSNA (by microneurography), BP (by oscillometry), and forearm vascular resistance (FVR) were measured. A 2-way analysis of variance with group (between) and session (within) as main factors was employed, accepting p < 0.05 as significant. RESULTS: Diastolic BP and MSNA were higher in the CKD than the control group in both sessions. Responses after exercise were similar in both groups. Systolic BP, diastolic BP, MSNA and FVR were significantly lower after the exercise than after the rest session in both the CKD and the control groups (162 ± 15 vs. 152 ± 23 and 155 ± 11 vs. 145 ± 16 mm Hg, 91 ± 11 vs. 85 ± 14 and 77 ± 5 vs. 71 ± 10 mm Hg, 38 ± 4 vs. 31 ± 4 and 34 ± 2 vs. 27 ± 4 burst/min, 59 ± 29 vs. 41 ± 29 and 45 ± 20 vs. 31 ± 8 U, respectively, all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results showed that aerobic exercise may produce hemodynamic and neural responses that can be beneficial to these patients in spite of CKD.

Effects of estrogen therapy and aerobic training on sympathetic activity and hemodynamics in healthy postmenopausal women: a double-blind randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the isolated and associated effects of aerobic training and estrogen therapy on sympathetic nerve activity and hemodynamics in healthy postmenopausal women. METHODS: Forty-five postmenopausal women (mean [SD] age, 51 [3] y) were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary-placebo (SED-PLA; n = 11), sedentary-estrogen therapy (SED-ET; n = 14), aerobic training-placebo (AT-PLA; n = 12), and aerobic training-estrogen therapy (AT-ET; n = 8). The ET groups received oral estradiol valerate (1 mg/d), whereas the PLA groups received placebo. The AT groups performed aerobic exercise three times a week on a cycle ergometer for 50 minutes, whereas the SED groups remained sedentary. All participants were evaluated before and after 6 months. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography), forearm blood flow (plethysmography), blood pressure (oscillometry), and heart rate (HR) were measured at rest for 10 minutes. Data were analyzed by three-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: Estrogen administration itself did not change any of the studied parameters. AT improved forearm blood flow (AT-PLA, 2.02 [0.85] vs 2.92 [1.65] mL min(-1) 100 mL(-1), P = 0.03; AT-ET, 1.68 [1.11] vs 2.27 [0.76] mL min(-1) 100 mL(-1), P = 0.03), reduced MSNA in the AT-PLA group (39 [6] vs 34 [5] bursts/min(-1), P = 0.01), and decreased HR in the AT-ET group (65 [8] vs 62 [7] beats/min, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: AT reduces sympathetic nerve activity and improves muscle blood flow in healthy hysterectomized postmenopausal women. Moreover, AT decreases HR when combined with ET. However, ET abolishes the reducing effect of AT on MSNA.

Avaliação das condições de uso de esfigmomanômetros em serviços hospitalares / Evaluación de las condiciones de uso de esfigmomanómetros en servicios hospitalarios / Evaluation of the conditions of use of sphygmomanometers in hospital services

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as condições de uso dos esfigmomanômetros em hospitais públicos e privados. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo de abordagem- quantitativa realizado em quatro hospitais de grande porte do Estado de São Paulo, no período entre 2009 e 2010. Os manômetros aneroides foram- testados contra manômetro de mercúrio calibrado. Foram considerados descalibrados quando as diferenças foram > a 4 mmHg. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 162 esfigmomanômetros, (78 de um hospital público e 84 de instituições filantrópicas e privada) e 98,1% eram do tipo aneróide.- Verificou-se que 56,2% dos manômetros estavam descalibrados (48,6% do hospital privado e 63,1% dos hospitais públicos). Analisando-se as- médias das diferenças negativas da descalibração, houve diferença significativa entre os manômetros do hospital privado e os dos hospitais públicos- (-6,14±2,66 mmHg vs -8,97±6,74 mmHg, respectivamente, p<0,05). Observou-se ainda que em 70,2% não era feita avaliação periódica; 26,7%- tinham extensão de borracha envelhecida; 20,5% das válvulas apresentaram vazamento; e 27% dos manômetros não estavam com o ponteiro na- marca zero. CONCLUSÃO: A descalibração dos esfigmomanômetros aneróides foi expressiva e pode acarretar avaliação incorreta da pressão arterial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the conditions of sphygmomanometers in use at public and private hospitals. METHODS: A descriptive study using a quantitative- approach, undertaken in four major hospitals in the State of São Paulo, in the period between 2009 and 2010. The aneroid manometers- were tested against a calibrated mercury manometer. They were considered out of calibration when the differences were > 4 mmHg. RESULTS: We assessed 162 sphygmomanometers (78 in a public hospital and 84 from philanthropic and private institutions) and 98.1% were of the aneroid type.- It was verified that 56.2% of the manometers were not calibrated (48.6% of private hospitals and 63.1% of public hospitals). Analyzing the mean- differences of negative decalibration, there was a significant difference between the manometers of the private hospital and the public hospitals (-6.14- ± 2.66 mmHg vs. -8.97 ± 6.74 mmHg, respectively, p <0.05). It was also observed that in 70.2% there was no periodic evaluation made, 26.7% had- aged rubber extension, 20.5% presented leaking valves, and 27% of the manometers did not rest with the pointer on the zero mark. CONCLUSION: The decalibration of the aneroid sphygmomanometers was significant and may lead to incorrect evaluation of blood pressure.

OBJETIVO: Evaluar las condiciones de uso de los esfigmomanómetros en hospitales públicos y privados.MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de abordaje- cuantitativo realizado en cuatro hospitales de gran porte del Estado de Sao Paulo, en el período entre 2009 y 2010. Los manómetros aneroides fueron- probados contra manómetro de mercurio calibrado. Se consideraron descalibrados cuando las diferencias fueron > a 4 mmHg.RESULTADOS: Fueron- evaluados 162 esfigmomanómetros, (78 de un hospital público y 84 de instituciones filantrópicas y privadas) y el 98,1% eran del tipo aneroide. Se verificó- que el 56,2% de los manómetros estaban descalibrados (48,6% del hospital privado y 63,1% de los hospitales públicos). Analizándose las medias- de las diferencias negativas de la descalibración, hubo diferencia significativa entre los manómetros del hospital privado y los de los hospitales públicos- (-6,14±2,66 mmHg vs -8,97±6,74 mmHg, respectivamente, p<0,05). Se observó aun que en el 70,2% no se realiza la evaluación periódica; 26,7% tenían- extensión de jebe envejecido; el 20,5% de las válvulas presentaron derramamiento; y el 27% de los manómetros no estaban con el puntero en la marca- cero.CONCLUSIÓN: La descalibración de los esfigmomanómetros aneroides fue expresiva y puede acarrear evaluación incorrecta de la presión arterial.- Descriptores: Esfigmomanómetros; Determinación de la presión arterial/instrumentación; Falha de equipamento; Estudios de evaluación- como asunto; Servicios hospitalarios.

How to avoid discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment: The experience in São Paulo, Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the importance of providing guidelines to patients via active telephone calls for blood pressure control and for preventing the discontinuation of treatment among hypertensive patients. INTRODUCTION: Many reasons exist for non-adherence to medical regimens, and one of the strategies employed to improve treatment compliance is the use of active telephone calls. METHODS: Hypertensive patients (n=354) who could receive telephone calls to remind them of their medical appointments and receive instruction about hypertension were distributed into two groups: a) "uncomplicated" - hypertensive patients with no other concurrent diseases and b) "complicated" - severe hypertensive patients (mean diastolic ≥ 110 mmHg with or without medication) or patients with comorbidities. All patients, except those excluded (n=44), were open-block randomized to follow two treatment regimens ("traditional" or "current") and to receive or not receive telephone calls ("phone calls" and "no phone calls" groups, respectively). RESULTS: Significantly fewer patients in the "phone calls" group discontinued treatment compared to those in the "no phone calls" group (4 vs. 30; p<0.0094). There was no difference in the percentage of patients with controlled blood pressure in the "phone calls" group and "no phone calls" group or in the "traditional" and "current" groups. The percentage of patients with controlled blood pressure (<140/90 mmHg) was increased at the end of the treatment (74%), reaching 80% in the "uncomplicated" group and 67% in the "complicated" group (p<0.000001). CONCLUSION: Guidance to patients via active telephone calls is an efficient strategy for preventing the discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment.

Biopsychosocial variables and attitudes towards treatment influence complicated hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Complicated hypertension can be influenced by the characteristics of hypertensive patients. OBJECTIVE: To associate the condition of complicated hypertension with biosocial variables such as attitudes and beliefs about the disease and treatment and subjective well-being. METHODS: We studied 251 uncomplicated hypertensive patients (SBP > 140 mmHg and/or 90 < DBP < 110 mmHg for patients under no treatment and DBP <110mmHg for patients under treatment without target organ damage and other diseases) and 260 complicated hypertensive patients (DBP > 110 mmHg with or without treatment, with target organ damage or other diseases). RESULTS: Complicated hypertensive patients were significantly different from uncomplicated ones (p <0.05) in relation to: 1 - Prevalence of men, not white (53.0%), higher body mass index (29.5 ± 4.6 vs 28.5 ± 4.0 kg/m²), over 10 years of disease (54.0%), completion of previous treatment (53.0%) and reports of sadness about life as a whole (74.0%) 2 - Complicated hypertensive patients never bring the drugs when they travel (59.0%), nor do they buy them before running out the drugs (71.0%) and rarely follow eating guidelines (69.0%) 3 - Uncomplicated hypertensive patients showed no more migraines, joint pain and, among women, menopausal status and hormone replacement therapy, and 4 - Of those who had pressure control (< 140/90 mmHg), 61.9% were uncomplicated hypertensive patients; and 5 - Complicated hypertensive patients were not aware that treatment can prevent kidney problems and they thought that young people do not have high blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Complicated hypertensive patients showed more negative structural and psychosocial characteristics, more negative attitudes towards treatment and are unaware of the disease.

Variáveis biopsicossociais e atitudes frente ao tratamento influenciam a hipertensão complicada / Biopsychosocial variables and attitudes towards treatment influence complicated hypertension

FUNDAMENTO: A hipertensão complicada pode ser influenciada pelas características dos pacientes hipertensos. OBJETIVO: Associar a condição de hipertensão complicada com variáveis biossociais, tais como as atitudes e as crenças sobre a doença e o tratamento e o bem-estar subjetivo. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 251 hipertensos não complicados (PAS > 140 mmHg e/ou 90 < PAD < 110 mmHg para pacientes sem tratamento e PAD < 110 mmHg para pacientes com tratamento, sem lesões em órgãos-alvo e outras doenças) e 260 hipertensos complicados (PAD > 110 mmHg com ou sem tratamento, com lesões em órgãos-alvo ou outras doenças). RESULTADOS: Os hipertensos complicados foram significativamente diferentes dos não complicados (p < 0,05) em relação a: 1 - Predomínio de homens, não brancos (53,0 por cento), maior índice de massa corporal (29,5 ± 4,6 vs 28,5 ± 4,0 kg/m²), mais de 10 anos de doença (54,0 por cento), realização de tratamento anterior (53,0 por cento) e referência de tristeza em relação a sua vida como um todo (74,0 por cento); 2 - Os hipertensos complicados nunca levam os remédios quando viajam (59,0 por cento), nem os providenciam antes de acabarem (71,0 por cento) e raramente seguem as orientações sobre alimentação (69,0 por cento); 3 - Os hipertensos não complicados apontaram mais enxaqueca, dor articular e, entre as mulheres, presença de menopausa e tratamento de reposição hormonal; 4 - Dos que tinham a pressão controlada (< 140/90 mmHg), 61,9 por cento eram hipertensos não complicados; e 5 - Os hipertensos complicados desconheciam que o tratamento pode evitar problemas renais e desconheciam ainda que a hipertensão também pode acometer pessoas jovens. CONCLUSÃO: Hipertensos complicados apresentaram mais características estruturais e psicossociais desfavoráveis, mais atitudes negativas frente ao tratamento e desconhecem a doença.

BACKGROUND: Complicated hypertension can be influenced by the characteristics of hypertensive patients. OBJECTIVE: To associate the condition of complicated hypertension with biosocial variables such as attitudes and beliefs about the disease and treatment and subjective well-being. METHODS: We studied 251 uncomplicated hypertensive patients (SBP > 140 mmHg and/or 90 < DBP < 110 mmHg for patients under no treatment and DBP <110mmHg for patients under treatment without target organ damage and other diseases) and 260 complicated hypertensive patients (DBP > 110 mmHg with or without treatment, with target organ damage or other diseases). RESULTS: Complicated hypertensive patients were significantly different from uncomplicated ones (p <0.05) in relation to: 1 - Prevalence of men, not white (53.0 percent), higher body mass index (29.5 ± 4.6 vs 28.5 ± 4.0 kg/m²), over 10 years of disease (54.0 percent), completion of previous treatment (53.0 percent) and reports of sadness about life as a whole (74.0 percent) 2 - Complicated hypertensive patients never bring the drugs when they travel (59.0 percent), nor do they buy them before running out the drugs (71.0 percent) and rarely follow eating guidelines (69.0 percent) 3 - Uncomplicated hypertensive patients showed no more migraines, joint pain and, among women, menopausal status and hormone replacement therapy, and 4 - Of those who had pressure control (< 140/90 mmHg), 61.9 percent were uncomplicated hypertensive patients; and 5 - Complicated hypertensive patients were not aware that treatment can prevent kidney problems and they thought that young people do not have high blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Complicated hypertensive patients showed more negative structural and psychosocial characteristics, more negative attitudes towards treatment and are unaware of the disease.

Sympathetic nerve activity is decreased during device-guided slow breathing.

It is known that slow breathing (<10 breaths min(-1)) reduces blood pressure (BP), but the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are not completely clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute responses of the muscle sympathetic nerve activity, BP and heart rate (HR), using device-guided slow breathing (breathe with interactive music (BIM)) or calm music. In all, 27 treated mild hypertensives were enrolled. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity, BP and HR were measured for 5 min before the use of the device (n=14) or while subjects listened to calm music (n=13), it was measured again for 15 min while in use and finally, 5 min after the interventions. BIM device reduced respiratory rate from 16+/-3 beats per minute (b.p.m) to 5.5+/-1.8 b.p.m (P<0.05), calm music did not affect this variable. Both interventions reduced systolic (-6 and -4 mm Hg for both) and diastolic BPs (-4 mm Hg and -3 mm Hg, respectively) and did not affect the HR (-1 and -2 b.p.m respectively). Only the BIM device reduced the sympathetic nerve activity of the sample (-8 bursts min(-1)). In conclusion, both device-guided slow breathing and listening to calm music have decreased BP but only the device-guided slow breathing was able to reduce the peripheral sympathetic nerve activity.

How to avoid discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment: The experience in São Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the importance of providing guidelines to patients via active telephone calls for blood pressure control and for preventing the discontinuation of treatment among hypertensive patients. INTRODUCTION: Many reasons exist for non-adherence to medical regimens, and one of the strategies employed to improve treatment compliance is the use of active telephone calls. METHODS: Hypertensive patients (n=354) who could receive telephone calls to remind them of their medical appointments and receive instruction about hypertension were distributed into two groups: a) "uncomplicated" - hypertensive patients with no other concurrent diseases and b) "complicated" - severe hypertensive patients (mean diastolic >110 mmHg with or without medication) or patients with comorbidities. All patients, except those excluded (n=44), were open-block randomized to follow two treatment regimens ("traditional" or "current") and to receive or not receive telephone calls ("phone calls" and "no phone calls" groups, respectively). RESULTS: Significantly fewer patients in the "phone calls" group discontinued treatment compared to those in the "no phone calls" group (4 vs. 30; p<0.0094). There was no difference in the percentage of patients with controlled blood pressure in the "phone calls" group and "no phone calls" group or in the "traditional" and "current" groups. The percentage of patients with controlled blood pressure (<140/90 mmHg) was increased at the end of the treatment (74 percent), reaching 80 percent in the "uncomplicated" group and 67 percent in the "complicated" group (p<0.000001). CONCLUSION: Guidance to patients via active telephone calls is an efficient strategy for preventing the discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment.

Instrumento de avaliação da qualidade de vida para hipertensos de Bulpitt e Fletcher / Instrumento de evaluación de la calidad de vida para hipertensos de Bulpitt y Fletcher / Bulpitt and Fletcher's specific questionnaire for quality of life assessment of hypertensive patients

Este estudo realizou a tradução para o português e a validação do questionário específico para avaliação da qualidade de vida em hipertensos de Bulpitt e Fletcher. A tradução e o back-translation foram realizados por 4 professores de inglês e a versão final submetida a um corpo de juizes. Questões com Índice de Validade de Conteúdo menor que 80 por cento foram modificadas e reavaliadas. O questionário foi aplicado em 110 hipertensos ambulatoriais (52 ± 8 anos, 65 por cento mulheres, pressão arterial 128±17/ 75±13 mmHg), que também responderam ao SF-36, e em 20 normotensos, com características semelhantes às dos hipertensos. Os domínios do SF-36 e do instrumento de Bulpitt e Fletcher se correlacionaram (p<0,05), exceto em relação a aspectos sociais (r=0,07, p=0,44) e a estado geral de saúde (r=0,04, p=0,61). Os hipertensos apresentaram mais respostas positivas a sintomas (40 por cento) do que os normotensos (15 por cento). O instrumento foi validado e está apto para ser usado em nosso meio.

This study translated and validated Bulpitt and Fletcher's Specific Questionnaire for Quality of Life Assessment of hypertensive patients. The translation and the back-translation were performed by four English teachers, and the final version was submitted to a board of referees. Questions with a Content Validity Index lower than 80 percent were modified and re-evaluated. The questionnaire was applied in 110 hypertensive outpatients (52 ± 8 years old, 65 percent female, blood pressure 128 ± 17/75 ± 13 mmHg), which also answered the SF-36, and also in 20 normotensive people, whose characteristics were similar to those of the hypertensive subjects. The domains of SF-36 and Bulpitt and Fletcher's instrument correlated to each other (p < 0.05), except for the social aspects (r=0.07, p= 0.04) and the general state of health (r=0.04, p= 0.61). Hypertensive patients showed more positive responses to the symptoms (40 percent) than the normotensives (15 percent). The instrument was validated and is now ready to be used in our midst.

Este estudio ha realizado la traducción para el portugués y la validación del cuestionario específico para evaluación de la calidad de vida en hipertensos de Bulpitt y Fletcher. La traducción y el back-translation fueron realizados por 4 profesores de inglés y la versión final sometida a un cuerpo de jueces. Cuestiones con Índice de Validad de Contenido menor que 80 por ciento fueron modificadas y reevaluadas. El cuestionario fue aplicado en 110 hipertensos en seguimiento ambulatorial (52 ± 8 años, 65 por ciento mujeres, presión arterial 128±17/ 75±13 mmHg), que también respondieron al instrumento de evaluación de calidad de vida SF-36, y en 20 normotensos, con características semejantes a de los hipertensos. Los dominios del SF-36 y del instrumento de Bulpitt y Fletcher se correlacionaron (p<0,05), excepto en relación a aspectos sociales (r=0,07, p=0,44) e al estado general de salud (r=0,04, p=0,61). Los hipertensos presentaron mas respuestas positivas a síntomas (40 por ciento) de que los normotensos (15 por ciento). El instrumento fue validado y está apto la utilización en la lengua portuguesa.