"Introducing Modified Dakkak and Bennett Grading System for Indian Food in Oral Submucous Fibrosis": A Dharwad Study.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is one of the "diseases of civilization" because of the large differences in prevalence among races, geographic areas, and individuals at different socioeconomic levels. It is a premalignant condition strongly associated with the habit of chewing areca nuts. This study is to compare the scoring system in relation to the burning sensation of mouth and dysphagia using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Dakkak and Bennett grading system for Indian food, respectively, in OSMF patients. This study was a randomized clinical trial incorporating a total of 50 cases of OSMF divided into a control group (antioxidant therapy) and pentoxifylline test cases. Values for burning sensation of the mouth using the VAS and modified Dakkak and Bennett grading system for Indian food were recorded. Statistical analyses were done using t test, Mann -Whitney U test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Patients subjected to pentoxifylline when compared to the control group showed significant reduction in dysphagia for Indian food. Burning sensation was recorded according to the visual analogue scale. Significant reduction in burning sensation was seen in the pentoxifylline group when compared to the control group. This grading system provides quantitative and qualitative parameters in patients with OSMF.

Hemifacial spasm secondary to vascular loop compression: a rare case report.

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterised by brief, persistent, involuntary paroxysmal contractions of the facial muscles innervated by the facial nerve. Broadly its aetiology is portrayed as primary and secondary. Primary HFS is a result of vascular compression of the ipsilateral facial nerve at its root exit zone, and secondary HFS can occur after any injury to the facial nerve from the internal auditory canal to the stylomastoid foramen, which may be a result of a cerebellopontine angle tumour, schwannoma, fusiform aneurysm, or demyelinating lesion such as multiple sclerosis. We report a rare case of HFS in a 40-year-old female patient, who presented with a 4-year history of twitching of the left eye and deviation of the mouth towards the left side. An MRI of the brain revealed a vascular anomaly at the root exit zone of the left facial nerve. The present report aims to highlight MRI as a single, non-invasive diagnostic investigation to confirm the diagnosis of HFS.

Evaluation of osteoporosis in diabetic individuals using digital intra oral periapical radiographs / Avaliação de osteoporose em indivíduos diabéticos utilizando radiografias periapicais digitais

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a major cause of fractures in middle aged individuals. There has been drastic increase in the number of osteoporotic patients over the past two decades. The relationship of osteoporosis and diabetes continues to be a topic of debate among research workers. Detection of osteoporosis is very important for oral diagnostics as it can bring changes in treatment plan and modifications in oral procedures. Current literature is directed at diagnosing this condition on dental radiographs. Objectives: The present study was aimed at detecting osteoporosis using digital dental radiographs of premolar and molar region using Adobe Photoshop CS2 software. Materials and methods: A total of 40 patients visiting the dental department who were already diagnosed with type II diabetes for minimum of 1 year Arch Oral Res. 2011 May/Aug.;7(2)169-75 Mutalik S, Goyal M, Sanghamesh B, Guttal SK, Naikmasur VG, Mutalik VS. 170 obesity, hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products. Albright and Reifenstein were first to report low mineral density and risk of fracture in diabetic subjects in 1948 (3). The relationship between diabetes and osteoporosis continues to be debated among the research workers. A recent meta-analysis showed that diabetic patients had higher hip bone mineral density (BMD) than non-Diabetic controls suggesting that BMD values may not reflect bone fragility in diabetic patients (4). Bone density is determined by several modalities ranging from quantitative computed tomography (qCT) to dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) or peripheral ultrasound measurement. Each modality has been shown to be independently predictive of fracture risk, yet each has its own limitations (5). Introduction Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. It is one of the most common...

Introdução: A osteoporose é uma das principais causas de fraturas em indivíduos de meia idade. Houve aumentodrástico no número de pacientes com osteoporose nas duas últimas décadas. A relação entre osteoporosee diabetes continua a ser um tema de debate entre os pesquisadores. A detecção da osteoporose é muitoimportante no diagnosticador bucal, uma vez que ela pode refletir em mudanças no plano de tratamento emodificações nos procedimentos bucais. O diagnóstico dessta condição por meio de radiografias dentais temsido discutido na literatura atual. Objetivos: O presente estudo teve como objetivo detectar a osteoporose utilizandoradiografias digitais dentais da região de pré-molar e molar utilizando o software Adobe PhotoshopCS2. Materiais e métodos: Um total de 40 pacientes que visitaram o departamento de odontologia e já previamentediagnosticados com diabetes tipo II no período mínimo de um ano foram selecionados aleatoriamentepara o estudo. Radiografias digitais intra-orais periapicais orais da região inferior de pré-molar e molar foramobtidos pela técnica de paralelismo. As imagens foram então convertidas em formato de arquivo bitmap eavaliadas usando o software Adobe Photoshop CS2. O número de trabéculas em uma área específica foi contadoe comparado com indivíduos saudáveis de mesma idade e sexo e controle glicêmico normal. Resultados:A média do número de trabéculas/mm2 em indivíduos normais foi 0,1987 ± 0,0244, e de 0,1737 ± 0,0279 parao grupo diabético, sendo a diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Este estudo confirmouque o número de trabéculas/mm2 em indivíduos diabéticos foi menor em comparação aos observados emindivíduos normais.

Frequency of developmental dental anomalies in the Indian population.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency of developmental dental anomalies in the Indian population. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted over a period of 1 year and comprised both clinical and radiographic examinations in oral medicine and radiology outpatient department. Adult patients were screened for the presence of dental anomalies with appropriate radiographs. A comprehensive clinical examination was performed to detect hyperdontia, talon cusp, fused teeth, gemination, concrescence, hypodontia, dens invaginatus, dens evaginatus, macro- and microdontia and taurodontism. Patients with syndromes were not included in the study. RESULTS: Of the 20,182 patients screened, 350 had dental anomalies. Of these, 57.43% of anomalies occurred in male patients and 42.57% occurred in females. Hyperdontia, root dilaceration, peg-shaped laterals (microdontia), and hypodontia were more frequent compared to other dental anomalies of size and shape. CONCLUSIONS: Dental anomalies are clinically evident abnormalities. They may be the cause of various dental problems. Careful observation and appropriate investigations are required to diagnose the condition and institute treatment.

Lingual ulceration in disseminated histoplasmosis.

Histoplasmosis is a rare systemic fungal infection commonly presenting as mucosal ulceration of the oral cavity. It has been increasingly reported in India as disseminated disease with lesions in the oral cavity as a consequence of rapid spread of HIV infection. The authors report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis with oral manifestation in a 40-year-old male patient.

Hemifacial microsomia. A report of two cases.

Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is an asymmetrical congenital deformity of the head and face caused by anomalous development of the structures derived from the first and second branchial arches. Oral and maxillofacial malformations present diagnostic and treatment challenges unique to the dental profession. The etiology, a report of two cases and a brief description of treatment modalities are discussed in this article.