The Promise of Proton Beam Therapy for Oesophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review of Dosimetric and Clinical Outcomes.

AIMS: Due to its physical advantages over photon radiotherapy, proton beam therapy (PBT) has the potential to improve outcomes from oesophageal cancer. However, for many tumour sites, high-quality evidence supporting PBT use is limited. We carried out a systematic review of published literature of PBT in oesophageal cancer to ascertain potential benefits of this technology and to gauge the current state-of-the-art. We considered if further evaluation of this technology in oesophageal cancer is desirable. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science using structured search terms was carried out. Inclusion criteria included non-metastatic cancer, full articles and English language studies only. Articles deliberating technical aspects of PBT planning or delivery were excluded to maintain a clinical focus. Studies were divided into two sections: dosimetric and clinical studies; qualitatively synthesised. RESULTS: In total, 467 records were screened, with 32 included for final qualitative synthesis. This included two prospective studies with the rest based on retrospective data. There was heterogeneity in treatment protocols, including treatment intent (neoadjuvant or definitive), dose, fractionation and chemotherapy used. Compared with photon radiotherapy, PBT seemed to reduce dose to organs at risk, especially lung and heart, although not for all reported parameters. Toxicity outcomes, including postoperative complications, were reduced compared with photon radiotherapy. Survival outcomes were reported to be at least comparable with photon radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: There is a paucity of high-quality evidence supporting PBT use in oesophageal cancer. Wide variation in intent and treatment protocols means that the role and 'gold-standard' treatment protocol are yet to be defined. Current literature suggests significant benefit in terms of toxicity reduction, especially in the postoperative period, with comparable survival outcomes. PBT in oesophageal cancer holds significant promise for improving patient outcomes but requires robust systematic evaluation in prospective studies.

Nab-paclitaxel in combination with gemcitabine for the treatment of metastatic pancreas cancer: the South Wales experience.

The prognosis of pancreatic cancer remains very poor, with a 5-year survival rate of around 3%. There has been little impact from various chemotherapy regimens on improving outcome for several decades. Gemcitabine has been the mainstay chemotherapy for around two decades with little improvement in overall survival (OS) for patients with advanced disease. However, more recently, there has been a paradigm shift in treatment options for these patients. Reported in 2011, combination therapy with FOLFIRINOX (oxaliplatin, irinotecan, leucovorin, and fluorouracil) showed a long awaited but modest improvement in survival, but is reserved only for a small proportion of very fit patients due to concerns over its toxicities. In 2013, the landmark phase III international study MPACT demonstrated an improvement in OS with the combination of nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine (GEMBRAX) for the treatment of patients more akin to the real-world population. In the United Kingdom (UK), it was first made widely available on the National Health Service (NHS) in Wales in September 2014 and only recently received a final positive appraisal by NICE (National Institute of Clinical Excellence) for England in 2017. In this paper, we present our data on the use of this treatment for patients in South Wales and compare real-life practical experience with the MPACT data and reflecting the impact of this paradigm shift.