[Urinary retention in young female patients]. / Blasenentleerungsstörung bei jungen Patientinnen.

INTRODUCTION: This practice case describes a 28-year-old female patient suffering from unclear residual urine formation. Urogynecologic examination reveals a severely hypercapacitated bladder with atonic detrusor. After ruling out other gynecologic and neurologic differential diagnoses, the diagnosis of Fowler syndrome was made. This is a painless residual urine formation with typical pelvic floor EMG with detrusor sphincter dyscoordination. Causal therapies do not exist. Sacral neuromodulation, percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation, or intermittent self-catheterization.

Safety, immunogenicity, and preliminary clinical efficacy of a vaccine against extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli in women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection: a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1b trial.

BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli infections are increasing worldwide in community and hospital settings. The E coli O-antigen is a promising vaccine target. We aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of a bioconjugate vaccine containing the O-antigens of four E coli serotypes (ExPEC4V). METHODS: In this multicentre phase 1b, first-in-human, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned (1:1) healthy adult women with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) to receive a single injection of either intramuscular ExPEC4V or placebo. The primary outcome was the incidence of adverse events among vaccine and placebo recipients throughout the study. Secondary outcomes included immunogenicity and antibody functionality, and the incidence of UTIs caused by E coli vaccine serotypes in each group. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02289794. FINDINGS: Between Jan 20, 2014, and Aug 27, 2014, 93 women received target-dose ExPEC4V and 95 received placebo. The vaccine was well tolerated: no vaccine-related serious adverse events occurred. Overall, 56 (60%) target-dose vaccines and 47 (49%) placebo recipients experienced at least one adverse event that was possibly, probably, or certainly related to injection. Vaccination induced significant IgG responses for all serotypes: at day 30 compared with baseline, O1A titres were 4·6 times higher, O2 titres were 9·4 times higher, O6A titres were 4·9 times higher, and O25B titres were 5·9 times higher (overall p<0·0001). Immune responses persisted at 270 days but were lower than those at 30 days. Opsonophagocytic killing activity showed antibody functionality. No reduction in the incidence of UTIs with 103 or more colony-forming units per mL of vaccine-serotype E coli was noted in the vaccine compared with the placebo group (0·149 mean episodes vs 0·146 mean episodes; p=0·522). In post-hoc exploratory analyses of UTIs with higher bacterial counts (≥105 colony-forming units per mL), the number of vaccine serotype UTIs did not differ significantly between groups (0·046 mean episodes in the vaccine group vs 0·110 mean episodes in the placebo group; p=0·074). However, significantly fewer UTIs caused by E coli of any serotype were noted in the vaccine group compared with the placebo group (0·207 mean episodes vs 0·463 mean episodes; p=0·002). INTERPRETATION: This tetravalent E coli bioconjugate vaccine candidate was well tolerated and elicited functional antibody responses against all vaccine serotypes. Phase 2 studies have been initiated to confirm these findings. FUNDING: GlycoVaxyn, Janssen Vaccines.

[How is agonizing leg pain associated with an intrauterine device?]. / In welchem Zusammenhang stehen quälende Beinschmerzen und eine intrauterine Spirale?

We report on a typical clinical course of pelvic actinomycosis: initial uncharacteristic discomfort develops into a systemic illness associated with a pelvic mass, which progresses so fast that along with the systemic infection further symptoms can be reduced to its growth rate--tiredness, abdominal pain, micturition deficiency, and leg pain. Distinction between malignancy and pelvic actinomycosis could be made only intraoperative. After hysterectomy and with antibiotics the patient recovered quickly.