Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 9 de 9
Filtrar
Mais filtros

Base de dados
Tipo de documento
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Adv Pharm Bull ; 4(3): 303-7, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24754016

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of a mineral water rich in calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and sulfate and a marketed mineral water with a composition similar to that of urban water on the lipid profile of dyslipidemic adults. METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial, 32 adults received one liter of "rich mineral water" daily for one month, and 37 adults drank the same amount of normal mineral water for the same period. Changes in lipid profiles were compared separately in each studied group at the end of one month. RESULTS: RESULTS showed that mean cholesterol and low density lipoprotein LDL levels were significantly decreased in both studied groups after one month of drinking mineral water (P<0.05); however, no significant differences in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels were seen in either group one month after drinking. There were no statistically significant differences between the "rich mineral water" and the normal mineral water groups in any of the above-mentioned lipid levels ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION: A one-month intake of mineral water rich in calcium, magnesium bicarbonate, and sulfate decreased cholesterol and LDL levels but not TG or HDL levels in dyslipidemic adults.

2.
Adv Pharm Bull ; 4(1): 83-9, 2014.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24409414

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Prescription of ketotifen as an effective antihistamine in asthma and allergic conditions is associated with side effect of weight gain. Caffeine is an agent which increases thermogenesis and improves energy expenditure and also effective in asthma. The aim of current study was to evaluate caffeine impact in reducing weight gain side effect of ketotifen. METHODS: Male mice at the weight limit of 20-30 gr in 8 groups were randomly chosen and injected following drug dosages for 45 days intraperitoneally: control group (normal saline 10 ml/kg), three groups of ketotifen (4, 8, 16 mg/kg), three groups of caffeine (4, 8, 16 mg/kg) and one group of ketotifen (4 mg/kg) in combination with caffeine (4 mg/kg). Weight changes have been recorded and assessed every 3 days for 45 days. RESULTS: The results showed that in all dosages of the two drugs, significant weight loss occurred in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSION: The effect of caffeine on weight loss according to our results, matches with human studies, while ketotifen contradictory to our assumption, resulted in weight loss which probably was related to the difference in metabolic pathways in mice and humans, or maybe the used doses of ketotifen in this study were insufficient to reduce TNF-α production or influence in serotonin release and be effective on appetite or weight gain.

3.
Iran J Psychiatry ; 9(3): 142-6, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25561954

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Withdrawal symptoms are a main reason of continuous use of opioid. This study compares the efficacy of augmentation of amantadine with clonidine in decreasing opioid withdrawal symptoms. METHODS: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was carried out in the detoxification and rehabilitation inpatient ward at Razi Hospital, Tabriz, Iran during 2012. The patients were randomly assigned to receive clonidine or clonidine plus amantadine; and withdrawal symptoms were evaluated in the admission day and 24, 48, and 72 hours later. Data were analyzed using SPSS by the 2*2 repeated analyses of variances (ANOVA). RESULTS: From the total of 69 participants, 30 patients completed the trial in each group. The severity of symptoms, however, had an increasing trend in both groups. Analysis of variance of the symptom severity score (by The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale) revealed a significant group-time interaction, and the patients who were receiving amantadine experienced milder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of opioid withdrawal symptoms with amantadine and clonidine would result in a better outcome compared with clonidine alone.

4.
Pharmacol Rep ; 65(3): 593-9, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23950581

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to opiates induces physical dependence; however, the neurobiological mechanisms of this phenomenon are not completely clear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of systemic and intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of selegiline (a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B) on the morphine withdrawal syndrome in rats. METHODS: To this aim, adult male Sprague Dawley rats were selected randomly, and then growing doses of morphine were administered subcutaneously at an interval of 12 h for nine days with the intention of inducing dependency. Nine days after, only the morning dose of morphine was administered, followed by systemic or central injection of saline or selegiline. Later, naloxone was injected after 30 min and withdrawal signs recorded for a period of 60 min. RESULTS: Results showed failure of systemic administration of selegiline in changing the withdrawal symptoms; nevertheless, icv injection attenuated the withdrawal signs significantly. CONCLUSION: In conclusion we found that central administration of selegiline attenuated morphine withdrawal symptoms.


Assuntos
Dependência de Morfina/tratamento farmacológico , Morfina/efeitos adversos , Selegilina/administração & dosagem , Síndrome de Abstinência a Substâncias/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Infusões Intraventriculares , Masculino , Naloxona/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ratos Wistar
5.
ISRN Psychiatry ; 2013: 546030, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23864983

RESUMO

Background. Dextromethorphan is a noncompetitive N-methyl D-aspartate receptor antagonist that is clinically feasible for relieving the opioid withdrawal symptoms. This study compares the efficacy of a combination therapy with dextromethorphan and clonidine to treatment with clonidine alone. Methods and Materials. In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, patients were selected from inpatients of detox and rehabilitation ward of Razi Hospital, Tabriz, Iran. They were randomly allocated to two groups receiving either clonidine (0.4-1.2 mg/day) or clonidine and dextromethorphan (300 mg/day). Withdrawal symptoms were evaluated in the first day of admission and again 24, 48, and 72 hours later. Results. Thirty male patients completed the trial in each group. Withdrawal symptoms began to decrease in the second day in patients receiving dextromethorphan and clonidine while patients receiving clonidine experienced the more severe symptoms in 72 hours. Analysis of variance of the symptom severity score revealed a significant group × time interaction (F = 14.25; P < 0.001), so that patients receiving dextromethorphan plus clonidine had milder symptoms during three days in all of the measurements compared to clonidine group. Conclusion. Combination therapy of dextromethorphan and clonidine would result in milder opioid withdrawal symptoms compared to clonidine alone with a reduction beginning at the second day.

6.
Pharmacol Rep ; 63(3): 697-707, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21857080

RESUMO

Neuronal apoptosis has been shown to be associated with the development of tolerance to morphine. In the present study, we investigated the effect of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of an inhibitor of glutamate release, riluzole, on morphine-induced apoptosis in the rat cerebral cortex. Various groups of rats received either morphine (intraperitoneally, ip) and vehicle (icv) or morphine (ip) and different doses of riluzole (icv) once per day for 8 days. An in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method was used as an apoptosis assay. Levels of the anti-apoptotic factors Bcl-2 and HSP70 and the pro-apoptotic agent caspase-3 were evaluated by immunoblotting. The glutamate concentration in the cerebral cortex was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that icv administration of riluzole decreased the number of apoptotic cells in the cerebral cortex compared with the control group, which was treated with morphine (ip) and 1% Tween 80 in 0.9% normal saline (icv). The levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and HSP70 were higher in the riluzole groups than in the control. Furthermore, co-administration of riluzole with morphine significantly decreased caspase-3 protein levels and glutamate content of the cerebral cortex compared with the control. In conclusion, we found that icv administration of riluzole attenuates morphine-induced apoptosis in the cerebral cortex after the development of morphine tolerance.


Assuntos
Analgésicos Opioides/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Morfina/farmacologia , Riluzol/farmacologia , Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Animais , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Córtex Cerebral/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Tolerância a Medicamentos , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/administração & dosagem , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitatórios/farmacologia , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/metabolismo , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Injeções Intraventriculares , Masculino , Morfina/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Riluzol/administração & dosagem
7.
Neurotox Res ; 19(4): 649-59, 2011 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20711699

RESUMO

Tolerance to the chronic administration of opioids such as morphine reduces the utility of these drugs in pain management. Despite significant investigation, the precise cellular mechanisms underlying opioid tolerance and dependence remain elusive. It has been indicated that tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine is associated with apoptosis in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of minocycline (a second-generation tetracycline) on morphine-induced apoptosis in the cerebral cortex and lumbar spinal cord of rats after morphine-induced tolerance. Different groups of rats received either morphine (ip) and distilled water (icv) or morphine and different doses of minocycline (icv) or minocycline alone once per day. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to analyze apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic factors, Bcl-2 and HSP 70 and the pro-apoptotic element caspase-3 were evaluated by immunoblotting. The results indicated that minocycline attenuated the number of apoptotic cells in both the cerebral cortex and lumbar spinal cord. Immunoblotting findings showed that the amounts of anti-apoptotic agents (Bcl-2 and HSP 70) were greater in the treatment groups than in the controls in both regions. Although minocycline did not change the level of caspase-3 at the doses used with morphine but the minocycline treated rats showed a significantly lower increase in caspase-3 activity than did in the control. In conclusion, minocycline decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells and increased the amount of anti-apoptotic factors (Bcl-2 and HSP 70), but did not change the caspase-3 content.


Assuntos
Apoptose/fisiologia , Córtex Cerebral/metabolismo , Tolerância a Medicamentos/fisiologia , Minociclina/farmacologia , Morfina/antagonistas & inibidores , Morfina/toxicidade , Medula Espinal/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Cerebral/efeitos dos fármacos , Vértebras Lombares , Masculino , Medição da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Medição da Dor/métodos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos
8.
Pharmacol Rep ; 62(4): 664-73, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20885006

RESUMO

Opiates are the most effective drugs for pain relief. However, the repeated use of opiates induces tolerance to their analgesic effects. It has been shown that this morphine-induced tolerance is associated with apoptosis in the central nervous system. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of riluzole, an anti-glutamatergic drug, on morphine-induced apoptosis in the lumbar region of the rat spinal cord. Animals were given daily injections of morphine and vehicle, morphine and riluzole, or riluzole alone. Nociception was assessed using a hot plate apparatus, and apoptosis was assessed using the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) method. The levels of anti-apoptotic factors Bcl-2 and HSP 70 and the pro-apoptotic agent caspase-3 were evaluated using immunoblotting. The glutamate concentration in the lumbar spinal cord was measured with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicate that the i.c.v. administration of riluzole attenuated morphine tolerance and reduced the number of TUNEL positive cells. Immunoblotting revealed that the levels of the selected anti-apoptotic agents were greater in the treatment groups compared to the controls. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the administration of riluzole can attenuate the morphine-induced elevation of glutamate in the lumbar spinal cord. In conclusion, i.c.v. administration of riluzole attenuated morphine-induced tolerance to analgesia and apoptosis in addition to preventing the morphine-induced increase of glutamate in the lumbar spinal cord of rats.


Assuntos
Analgésicos Opioides/farmacologia , Morfina/farmacologia , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Riluzol/farmacologia , Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Western Blotting , Caspase 3/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Tolerância a Medicamentos , Ácido Glutâmico/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Injeções Intraventriculares , Vértebras Lombares , Masculino , Morfina/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Riluzol/administração & dosagem , Medula Espinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Espinal/metabolismo
9.
Anesth Analg ; 109(3): 936-42, 2009 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19690270

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to opiates induces tolerance to the analgesic effect. The neurobiological mechanism of this phenomenon is not completely clear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of central administration of minocycline (a tetracycline derivative) and riluzole (an antiglutamatergic drug) on morphine-induced tolerance in rats. METHODS: Groups of rats received daily morphine (10 mg/kg, IP) in combination with saline (10 microL/rat, intracerebroventricular [ICV]) or 1% Tween 80 (10 microL/rat, ICV) or minocycline (60, 120, and 240 microg/10 microL per rat, ICV) or riluzole (20, 40, 80 microg/10 microL per rat, ICV). Nociception was assessed using hotplate apparatus (55 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C). Hotplate latency was recorded when the rat licked its hindpaw. Baseline latencies were determined once per day for each rat, then morphine (10 mg/kg) was injected. After 20 min, the above-mentioned drugs were administered and postdrug latency was measured 10 min after the injection of drugs or vehicles. RESULTS: Results showed that ICV administration of minocycline and riluzole delayed morphine-induced tolerance. Morphine tolerance was complete after 8 days in the control groups but was complete in the groups treated with minocycline (120 microg/10 microL per rat) and riluzole (80 microg/10 microL per rat) on the 13th day. In addition, our results showed that minocycline and riluzole increased the total analgesic effect of morphine (area under the curve of the percentage of maximal possible effect values). CONCLUSION: The effects of minocycline on nitric oxide and the glutamatergic system and the effect of riluzole on the glutamate system are potentially important mechanisms in delaying morphine-induced tolerance.


Assuntos
Minociclina/administração & dosagem , Morfina/farmacologia , Riluzol/administração & dosagem , Analgésicos Opioides/administração & dosagem , Animais , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Área Sob a Curva , Tolerância a Medicamentos , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Masculino , Dependência de Morfina/prevenção & controle , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/metabolismo
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA