RESUMO
Aims: Suicide is a major public health problem around the world. The present study aimed to design and determine the effectiveness of a suicide intervention package for psychologists working in the primary health care system in Hormozgan Province. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in two phases: qualitative and quantitative phases. In the qualitative phase, it was a thematic analysis type, and in the quantitative phase, it was quasi-experimental type with pretest-posttest in two groups of intervention and comparison. To standardize the suicide intervention package, Delphi method was used, and for quantitative content validity, content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were used. In the quantitative phase of the study, the statistical population of the study included 270 people who had suicidal ideations and had no history of suicide attempt. Among them, 135 people were included in the intervention group and 135 people were included in the comparison group using a convenience sampling method. They were selected among those referred to eight comprehensive rural and urban health service centers in eight cities of Hormozgan Province. The results were analyzed by MANCOVA statistical test. Results: CVR was more than 0.75 and CVI was more than 0.87. In the quantitative phase, the results showed a significant difference between the means before and after the intervention for the variables of psychological distress, suicidal ideation, and hopelessness (P < 0.01). Conclusion: It seems that psychological suicide preventive interventions in the primary health care system are effective in reducing psychological distress,suicidal thoughts and hopelessness.
RESUMO
Background and objectives: Craving is the main symptom of addiction that is accompanied by dependence and relapse. The present study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of combined Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS) and emotion regulation training with that of separate tDCS and emotion regulation training in reducing current drug craving and thoughts and fantasies about drug use. Materials and methodology: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and three intervention groups. The statistical population included all patients dependent on opioids in medium-term residential drug rehabilitation centers in Zahedan, Iran, in 2018-2019. From eight randomly selected centers, a total of 54 patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and randomly divided into three intervention groups. Data were gathered using the Personal Drug Use Questionnaire, Desires for Drug Questionnaire (DDQ), and Drug Use Thoughts, Fantasies, and Temptations Questionnaire. All analyses were performed using SPSS-16. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated significant differences between the three intervention groups in current drug craving and thoughts and fantasies about drug use (P ..001). In addition, examination of the mean rank showed that t significant decrease was higher for the combined tDCS and emotion regulation training group. Conclusion: Addiction is very similar to other chronic disorders. Therefore, combined (integrated) therapies can have a very important role in treating addiction, especially in relapse prevention.