A "Whole Child Approach": Parent Experiences with Acute Care Hospitalizations for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Behavioral Health Needs.

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience increased hospitalizations as compared to the general population, particularly in the context of mental health crises. Given the unique needs of children with ASD and behavioral health needs that can either lead to or emerge during hospitalization, an understanding of hospital experiences is critical. To date, research on caregiver experiences in acute care medical hospital settings is limited. Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate caregiver experiences with inpatient care for children with ASD and behavioral health needs, including factors and practices that impacted or were desirable for care. Two focus groups were conducted with a total of 12 parents of children with ASD admitted to a large pediatric hospital. Data were analyzed using interpretive description. Emerging themes pointed to the child, family, and staff factors and practices that intersect to influence hospitalization experiences. Child factors included the child's communication, sensory, behavioral, medical, and safety needs. Family factors included the family's relationship with the healthcare team, own needs, and advocacy experiences. Staff factors included staff communication practices, comfort, and knowledge when providing care. Overall, this research demonstrates the complexity of factors and practices that impact the behavioral health hospitalization experience for children with ASD and their caregivers. Experiences varied widely and were guided by the unique needs of each child. Findings point to care practices that can be adopted to best meet the needs of all stakeholders during hospitalization and offer implications for future educational initiatives.

Effects of a range of 6 prefabricated orthotic insole designs on plantar pressure in a healthy population: A randomized, open-label crossover investigation.

BACKGROUND: Prefabricated orthotic insoles are widely commercially available for self-selection to treat foot and lower-body musculoskeletal pain, without requiring advice from health care professionals. Although they are generally designed to mimic traditional design features of custom-made orthotics used in clinical practice, the effects of prefabricated insoles on plantar pressure distribution are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: This investigation aimed to evaluate and directly compare the effects of a range of 6 different commercially available prefabricated orthotic insole designs on plantar pressure in healthy individuals. METHODS: This was a single-center, randomized, open-label, crossover investigation. In-shoe dynamic pressure (F-scan) was investigated in 24 healthy subjects with normal foot posture, wearing standard shoes alone and in combination with 6 different orthotic insoles, consecutively, measured on a single day. The biomechanical impact of each insole was determined by the statistical significance of changes from baseline measurements (standard shoe alone). RESULTS: Insoles with heel cups and medial arch geometries consistently increased contact area at medial arch and whole-foot regions and reduced both plantar peak pressure (PP) and pressure time integral at medial arch and heel regions. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation has aided in further understanding the mode of action of prefabricated insoles in a healthy population. The insoles in this study redistributed plantar pressure at key regions of the foot, based on design features common to prefabricated insoles. Prefabricated orthotic insoles represent an easily accessible means of reducing lower-body musculoskeletal stress for those who spend prolonged periods of time on their feet.

2023 Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand Expert Position Statement on Catheter and Surgical Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation.

Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) has increased exponentially in many developed countries, including Australia and New Zealand. This Expert Position Statement on Catheter and Surgical Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation from the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) recognises healthcare factors, expertise and expenditure relevant to the Australian and New Zealand healthcare environments including considerations of potential implications for First Nations Peoples. The statement is cognisant of international advice but tailored to local conditions and populations, and is intended to be used by electrophysiologists, cardiologists and general physicians across all disciplines caring for patients with AF. They are also intended to provide guidance to healthcare facilities seeking to establish or maintain catheter ablation for AF.

Assessment of available online educational resources for patients with atrial fibrillation.

Background: A diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (AF) often leads patients to search online for information, which can expose them to information of varied quality. Objective: We conducted a qualitative systematic review of websites that contain useful information regarding AF. Methods: The following terms were searched on 3 search engines (Google/Yahoo/Bing): (Atrial fibrillation for patients), (What is atrial fibrillation), (Atrial fibrillation patient information), (Atrial fibrillation educational resources). Inclusion criteria included websites with comprehensive AF information and information about treatment options. The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT-P) and PEMAT for Audiovisual Materials assessed understandability and actionability (score range 0-100). Those with a mean PEMAT-P score of >70, meaning acceptable understandability and actionability, underwent DISCERN score assessment of information content quality and reliability (score range 16-80). Results: The search yielded 720 websites that underwent full review. After exclusions, 49 underwent full scoring. The mean overall PEMAT-P score was 69.3 ± 17.2. The mean PEMAT-AV score was 63.4 ± 13.6. Of the websites that scored >70% on the PEMAT-P, 23 (46%) underwent DISCERN scoring. The mean DISCERN score was 54.7 ± 4.6. Conclusions: There is a wide variation in the understandably, actionability, and quality of websites, many not providing patient-level materials. Knowledge of quality websites could provide an important adjunct for improving patients understanding of AF.

Sound practice: Exploring the benefits of establishing a music group on an acute mental health inpatient unit.

There is evidence supporting the use of formal music therapy in the treatment of mental health consumers. Despite this, it appears to be an intervention which has not been routinely offered to consumers in Australian acute mental health inpatient units, possibly due to the lack of trained music therapists (or inadequate funding to employ them), as well as the challenges posed by the acuity of presentations and the short duration of admissions. Less formal therapeutic music activities may benefit consumers within these settings. This article describes how a music group activity facilitated by clinical staff with no music therapy qualifications was established. The first phase of this evaluation is then described using a descriptive qualitative method. We undertook a series of consumer and staff focus groups to explore the impact of a music group activity on an acute mental health inpatient unit. Five themes emerged from the transcripts of the focus groups' discussions, effects on mood, relationships and engagement, social connectedness and inclusion, the ward atmosphere and noise/agitation. Positive effects were shown across these areas, suggesting that the music group activity we established was beneficial for consumers and staff, and enhanced the ward atmosphere.

National Heart Foundation of Australia and Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand: Australian clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation 2018.

INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasing in prevalence and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The optimal diagnostic and treatment strategies for AF are continually evolving and care for patients requires confidence in integrating these new developments into practice. These clinical practice guidelines will assist Australian practitioners in the diagnosis and management of adult patients with AF. Main recommendations: These guidelines provide advice on the standardised assessment and management of patients with atrial fibrillation regarding: screening, prevention and diagnostic work-up; acute and chronic arrhythmia management with antiarrhythmic therapy and percutaneous and surgical ablative therapies; stroke prevention and optimal use of anticoagulants; and integrated multidisciplinary care. Changes in management as a result of the guideline: Opportunistic screening in the clinic or community is recommended for patients over 65 years of age. The importance of deciding between a rate and rhythm control strategy at the time of diagnosis and periodically thereafter is highlighted. ß-Blockers or non-dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists remain the first line choice for acute and chronic rate control. Cardioversion remains first line choice for acute rhythm control when clinically indicated. Flecainide is preferable to amiodarone for acute and chronic rhythm control. Failure of rate or rhythm control should prompt consideration of percutaneous or surgical ablation. The sexless CHA2DS2-VA score is recommended to assess stroke risk, which standardises thresholds across men and women; anticoagulation is not recommended for a score of 0, and is recommended for a score of ≥ 2. If anticoagulation is indicated, non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants are recommended in preference to warfarin. An integrated care approach should be adopted, delivered by multidisciplinary teams, including patient education and the use of eHealth tools and resources where available. Regular monitoring and feedback of risk factor control, treatment adherence and persistence should occur.

Attitudes Toward e-Mental Health Services in a Community Sample of Adults: Online Survey.

BACKGROUND: Despite evidence that e-mental health services are effective, consumer preferences still appear to be in favor of face-to-face services. However, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) suggests that cognitive intentions are more proximal to behavior and thus may have a more direct influence on service use. Investigating individual characteristics that influence both preferences and intentions to use e-mental health services is important for better understanding factors that might impede or facilitate the use of these services. OBJECTIVE: This study explores predictors of preferences and intentions to access e-mental health services relative to face-to-face services. Five domains were investigated (demographics, technology factors, personality, psychopathology, and beliefs), identified from previous studies and informed by the Internet interventions model. We expected that more participants would report intentions to use e-mental health services relative to reported preferences for this type of support and that these 5 domains would be significantly associated with both intentions and preferences toward online services. METHODS: A mixed sample of 308 community members and university students was recruited through social media and the host institution in Australia. Ages ranged between 17 and 68 years, and 82.5% (254/308) were female. Respondents completed an online survey. Chi-square analysis and t tests were used to explore group differences, and logistic regression models were employed to explore factors predicting preferences and intentions. RESULTS: Most respondents (85.7%, 264/308) preferred face-to-face services over e-mental health services. Relative to preferences, a larger proportion of respondents (39.6%, 122/308) endorsed intentions to use e-mental health services if experiencing mental health difficulties in the future. In terms of the 5 predictor domains, 95% CIs of odds ratios (OR) derived from bootstrapped standard errors suggested that prior experience with online services significantly predicted intentions to use self-help (95% CI 2.08-16.24) and therapist-assisted (95% CI 1.71-11.90) online services in future. Being older predicted increased intentions to use therapist-assisted online services in future (95% CI 1.01-1.06), as did more confidence using computers and the Internet (95% CI 1.06-2.69). Technology confidence was also found to predict greater preference for online services versus face-to-face options (95% CI 1.24-4.82), whereas higher doctor-related locus of control, or LOC (95% CI 0.76-0.95), and extraversion (95% CI 0.88-1.00) were predictive of lower likelihood of preferring online services relative to face-to-face services. CONCLUSIONS: Despite generally low reported preferences toward e-mental health services, intentions to access these services are higher, raising the question of how to best encourage translation of intentions into behavior (ie, actual use of programs). Strategies designed to ease people into new Internet-based mental health programs (to enhance confidence and familiarity) may be important for increasing the likelihood that they will return to such programs later.

A clozapine conundrum: clozapine toxicity in an acute medical illness.

OBJECTIVE: The following report presents a case in which significant clozapine toxicity was demonstrated in a patient on established therapy, in the absence of identifiable risk factors. Through this case report, the authors aim to highlight the potential for clozapine toxicity to occur unexpectedly in times of acute medical illness, and the need to remain vigilant in such situations. METHODS: Case report and review of the relevant literature. RESULTS: We describe a case of a 62 year old man whom developed life-threatening clozapine toxicity in the context of a severe lower respiratory infection. Following investigation to exclude the usual causes of toxicity, it was surmised that impaired CYP1A2 function, secondary to the acute inflammatory process, had led to a toxic level of the drug. CONCLUSIONS: Given the possibility that serum clozapine levels may significantly rise in acute illness, the team recommends measurement of clozapine levels in these situations, in combination with the usual full blood count investigation. Such a practice should be considered in the local monitoring protocol, to avoid incidence of potentially toxic outcomes.

Effects of diet on glucose control in cats with diabetes mellitus treated with twice daily insulin glargine.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary modification in addition to twice daily insulin glargine. Cats were treated with insulin glargine twice daily and randomized to receive either a low carbohydrate, high protein (LCHP) diet (n=6) or a control diet (n=6) for 10 weeks. Re-evaluations of clinical signs, blood glucose curves, and serum fructosamine concentrations were performed at weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10. Two of 12 cats achieved complete remission by the end of the study but remission rate was not different between diet groups. Using twice daily insulin glargine and frequent monitoring, all cats in both diet groups achieved successful glycemic control. Frequent monitoring is key to achieving glycemic control in diabetic cats; potential benefits of dietary modification require further evaluation.