RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Articulating a clear scope of practice for all nursing categories is essential for improving patient safety, quality of care, and nurse retention. However, this is not the case in many countries, including Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to analyze the actual scope of practice for nursing staff in Saudi Ministry of Health hospitals. METHODS: The study used a cross-sectional exploratory design. The sampling method used in the study was the quota sampling technique. The scale utilized in this study was the Actual Scope of Practice (ASCOP) scale. Data were collected in March 2021 through an electronic form questionnaire completed by 286 nurses in two hospitals in Al-Hasa province in Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: The overall mean score for ASCOP was 4.64 out of 6. When participants were grouped according to select characteristics (various nursing staff categories, educational levels, years of experience, nationality, gender, and type of work setting), the results revealed no statistically significant differences in overall ASCOP mean scores, except for gender and nationality. CONCLUSIONS: The overall mean scores of nursing activities performed in practice do not significantly differ across nurses with different professional categories (health assistant, nursing technician, nursing specialist, and senior nursing specialist), indicating no clear scope of practice for each nursing category, in turn leading to role overlap among them in practice. The current study's findings can guide decision-makers to develop a clear scope of practice for nurses. The findings should also urge the decision-makers to reevaluate the usefulness of having multiple professional categories of nurses who are allowed to carry out almost the same job duties.
RESUMO
A series of inhibitors of Autotaxin (ATX) has been developed using the binding mode of known inhibitor, PF-8380, as a template. Replacement of the benzoxazolone with a triazole zinc-binding motif reduced crystallinity and improved solubility relative to PF-8380. Modification of the linker region removed hERG activity and led to compound 12 - a selective, high affinity, orally-bioavailable inhibitor of ATX. Compound 12 concentration-dependently inhibits autotaxin and formation of LPA in vivo, as shown in pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic experiments.
Assuntos
Desenho de Fármacos , Inibidores de Fosfodiesterase/farmacologia , Diester Fosfórico Hidrolases/metabolismo , Triazóis/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Benzoxazóis/farmacologia , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Humanos , Masculino , Microssomos/metabolismo , Inibidores de Fosfodiesterase/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Fosfodiesterase/síntese química , Inibidores de Fosfodiesterase/farmacocinética , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Solubilidade , Triazóis/administração & dosagem , Triazóis/síntese química , Triazóis/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
The identification and progression of a potent and selective series of isoquinoline inhibitors of IkappaB kinase-beta (IKK-beta) are described. Hit-generation chemistry based on IKK-beta active-site knowledge yielded a weakly potent but tractable chemotype that was rapidly progressed into a series with robust enzyme and cellular activity and significant selectivity over IKK-alpha.