Supplying rats with halfa-bar and liquorice extracts ameliorate doxorubicin-induced nephrotic syndrome.

In the current work, we aimed to evaluate the protective effects of liquorice and halfa-bar extract against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced nephritic syndrome (NS) in rats. Twenty albino male rats were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg of DOX. The injected rats were supplied daily with 400 mg/kg of liquorice, halfa-bar extract, or their combination for 2 weeks. Our findings confirmed the induction of NS in rats indicated by alteration in Bowman's space, damaged in glomerular capsules, and tubules. Moreover, the levels of produced tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were increased, accompanied by decreasing levels of IL-4 and IL-10. Supplement NS-rats with liquorice and halfa-bar extracts restored the glomerular and tubules damage and adjusted the level of produced TNF-α and IL-8. Interestingly, both extracts can stimulate the expression profile of small proline-rich protein 2 F (sprr2f) and metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10), which are responsible for repairing and regeneration mechanisms of renal syndromes.

Hemithyroidectomy, does the indication influence the outcome?

PURPOSE: Hemithyroidectomies are mainly performed for two indications, either therapeutically to relieve compression symptoms or diagnostically for suspicious nodule(s). In case of the latter, one could consider the approach to be rather extensive since the majority of patients have no symptoms and will have benign disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the complication rates of diagnostic hemithyroidectomy and to compare it with the complication rates of compressive symptoms hemithyroidectomy. METHODS: Data from patients who had undergone hemithyroidectomy either for compression symptoms or for excluding malignancy were extracted from a well-established Scandinavian quality register (SQRTPA). The following complications were analyzed: bleedings, wound infections, and paresis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Risk factors for these complications were examined by univariable and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 9677 patients were included, 3871 (40%) underwent surgery to exclude malignancy and 5806 (60%) due to compression symptoms. In the multivariable analysis, the totally excised thyroid weight was an independent risk factor for bleeding. Permanent (6-12 months after the operation) RLN paresis were less common in the excluding malignancy group (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: A range of factors interfere and contribute to bleeding, wound infections, and RLN paresis after hemithyroidectomy. In this observational study based on a Scandinavian quality register, the indication "excluding malignancy" for hemithyroidectomy is associated with less permanent RLN paresis than the indication "compression symptoms." Thus, patients undergoing diagnostic hemithyroidectomy can be reassured that this procedure is a safe surgical procedure and does not entail an unjustified risk.