Preventive Effect and Mechanism of Anthocyanins from Aronia Melanocarpa Elliot on Hepatic Fibrosis Through TGF-ß/Smad Signaling Pathway.

In order to explore the effect and mechanism of Aornia mealnocarpa Elliot anthocyanins (AMA) at the cellular level on hepatic fibrosis (HF), molecular docking, RT-PCR and Western Blotting were used to explore the molecular mechanism and the effects of different doses AMA on HSC-T6 cells by TGF-ß1 induction. The results showed that the binding energy of anthocyanins on TGF-ß1 (PDB ID: 3KFD) was in the range of -9.5 to 8.6 kcal/mol, with good low energy parameters and binding positions. AMA could effectively inhibit the expressions of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total serum bilirubin (TSB), and improved the expressions of total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB). RT-PCR and Western bloting results showed that AMA could inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2, and inhibit the expression of TGF-ß1, P-Smad2, α-SMA and Collagen I in TGF-ß /Smad signaling pathway. This study revealed the AMA's inhibition effects and mechanism of malignant biological behavior of HSC-T6 cells, in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of HF by Aronia melanocarpa Elliot.

Decoding the dynamic H3K9cr landscapes during neural commitment of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells.

Histone lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is a novel hydrophobic histone acylation modification, and we recently report its crucial roles in neural differentiation. However, it is still unclear how histone Kcr involve in early neural commitment. Here, we systematically investigate the H3K9cr landscapes during neuroectodermal differentiation of pluripotent P19 embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs). We reveal that the genome-wide changes in H3K9cr favor neural fate specification, and identify potential co-factors binding H3K9cr. We also uncover that H3K9cr collaborates with H3K9ac to regulate gene expression changes. Our results provide novel insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying neural commitment.

Effects of simulated digestion on black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot) anthocyanins and intestinal flora.

In this study, the changes of anthocyanin content, total phenols, antioxidant capacity, microbiota composition before and after digestion and intestine fermentation in stomach and intestine were studied. The results indicated that after simulated gastrointestinal digestion, compared with the original sample, the total phenol content and anthocyanin content of intestinal digestion group for 2 h (ID 2 group) decreased by 53.64% and 70.45%, respectively, DPPH inhibition rate was 32.75% and T-AOC values of the extracts decreased to 62.89U/mg. The anthocyanins were identified to be composed of cyanidin-3-arabinoside, cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-xyloside, and cyanidin-3-glucoside. Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliot) anthocyanins significantly increased the relative richness of Bacteroides, promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Faecalibacterium, and inhibited the growth of Prevotella, Megamonas, Escherichia/Shigella, etc. Anthocyanins have a positive regulatory effect on intestinal flora. These studies also provide essential information for the development of anthocyanin related health care products and drug products.

Anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa Induce Apoptosis in Caco-2 Cells through Wnt/ß-Catenin Signaling Pathway.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. In this study, the Caco-2 in vitro cell model was used to study the effect and mechanism of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott anthocyanins (AMA) on colon cancer. The experimental results showed that the binding energy of anthocyanins on ß-catenin was in the range of -5.92 to 4.95 kcal/mol, with good low energy parameters and binding positions. AMA can inhibit cell proliferation and cause cell cycle arrest. RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that AMA can reduce cytoplasmic ß-catenin and inhibit the expression of related proteins in Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. This study revealed the AMA inhibitory effect and mechanism of malignant biological behavior of Caco-2 cells, in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of colon cancer by Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott.

Regulation of aureofuscin production by the PAS-LuxR family regulator AurJ3M.

aurJ3M(GenBank:EU697915.1), a 579 bp gene, whose deduced product (192 amino acid) was found to have amino acid sequence homology with some bacterial regulatory proteins. Computer-assisted analysis showed that AurJ3M is PAS-LuxR family regulatory protein, it combines a PAS domain with a helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif of the LuxR type. Gene deletion of aurJ3M from the S.aureofuscus SYAU0709 through gene replacement with the apramycin resistance gene aac (3) IV and the DNA fragment of the replication initiation site sequence OriT resulted in complete loss of aureofuscin production, indicating that AurJ3M is a positive regulator during the aureofuscin biosynthesis. Gene expression analyses in S.aureofuscus SYAU0709 and S.aureofuscus ΔaurJ3M by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) indicated there no transcripts for the genes B、C、G、F、S0、S1、D in S.aureofuscus ΔaurJ3M, maintains some transcription of these genes although the levels is low. Transcription was also significantly reduced for gene A, and no difference in the transcription pattern was observed for the genes R、E and H, a similar transcription pattern was also observed for AurJ3M, A and B showed a different transcription pattern, while transcription of gene A in S.aureofuscus ΔaurJ3M when compared to the parental strain, no transcripts could be detected for gene B in the mutant; This result indicates that the deletion of aurJ3M gene doesn't have a polar effect on the transcription of genes located downstream from aurJ3M. In the ΔaurJ3M knockout mutant, except for the transcription of E、H、M and R, the transcription of other genes in the cluster was down-regulated, HPLC shows there no secondary metabolites was produced,aurJ3M has a pathway-specific regulation effect on the biosynthesis of aureofuscin. Aureofuscin had broad application prospects in food preservation, and enriched the resource pool of anti-fungal antibiotics of tetraphenyl macrolide in China.