m6A- and m5C- modified lncRNAs orchestrate the prognosis in cutaneous melanoma and m6A- modified LINC00893 regulates cutaneous melanoma cell metastasis.

BACKGROUND: As the most important modifications on the RNA level, N6-methyladenosine (m6A-) and 5-methylcytosine (m5C-) modification could have a direct influence on the RNAs. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could also be modified by methylcytosine modification. Compared with mRNAs, the function of lncRNAs could be more potent to some extent in biological processes like tumorigenesis. Until now, rare reports have been done associated with cutaneous melanoma. Herein, we wonder if the m6A- and m5C- modified lncRNAs could influence the immune landscape and prognosis in melanoma, and we also want to find some lncRNAs which could directly affect the malignant behaviors of melanoma. METHODS: Systematically, we explored the expression pattern of m6A- and m5C- modified lncRNAs in melanoma from datasets including UCSC Xena and NCBI GEO, and the prognostic lncRNAs were selected. Then, according to the expression pattern of lncRNAs, melanoma samples from these datasets were divided into several subtypes. Prognostic model, nomogram survival model, drug sensitivity, GO, and KEGG pathway analysis were performed. Furthermore, among several selected lncRNAs, we identified one lncRNA named LINC00893 and investigated its expression pattern and its biological function in melanoma cell lines. RESULTS: We identified 27 m6A- and m5C- related lncRNAs which were significantly associated with survival, and we made a subtype analysis of melanoma samples based on these 27 lncRNAs. Among the two subtypes, we found differences of immune cells infiltration between these two subtypes. Then, LASSO algorithm was used to screen the optimized lncRNAs combination including ZNF252P-AS1, MIAT, FAM13A-AS1, LINC-PINT, LINC00893, AGAP2-AS1, OIP5-AS1, and SEMA6A-AS1. We also found that there was a significant correlation between the different risk groups predicted based on RS model and the actual prognosis. The nomogram survival model based on independent survival prognostic factors was also constructed. Besides, sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, GO and KEGG analysis were performed. In different risk groups, a total of 14 drug molecules with different distributions were obtained, which included AZD6482, AZD7762, AZD8055, camptothecin, dasatinib, erlotinib, gefitinib, gemcitabine, GSK269962A, nilotinib, rapamycin, and sorafenib. A total of 55 significantly related biological processes and 17 KEGG signaling pathways were screened. At last, we noticed that LINC00893 had a relatively lower expression in melanoma tissue and cell lines compared with adjacent tissues and epidermal melanocyte, and down-regulation of LINC00893 could promote the malignant behavior of melanoma cells in A875 and MV3. In these two melanoma cell lines, down-regulation of m6A-related molecules like YTHDF3 and METTL3 could promote the expression of LINC00893. CONCLUSION: We made an analysis of m6A- and m5C- related lncRNAs in melanoma samples and a prediction of these lncRNAs' role in prognosis, tumor microenvironment, immune infiltration, and clinicopathological features. We also found that LINC00893, which is potentially regulated by m6A modification, could serve as a tumor-suppressor in melanoma and play an inhibitory role in melanoma metastasis.

[Effects of Straw Addition on N2O and CO2 Emissions from Red Soil Subjected to Different Long-Term Fertilization].

Straw return, as an important measure for soil fertility improvement in farmland, significantly affects the emissions of greenhouse gases N2O and CO2. Thus, the collected soil samples from five long-term (30-year) fertilization treatments (no fertilization, CK; recommended chemical fertilizer, F; 200 % of recommended chemical fertilizer, 2F; pig manure, M; and chemical fertilizer combined with pig manure, FM) were amended with and without straw and incubated under constant temperature and humidity conditions (25 ℃ and 65 % maximum field water holding capacity) for 20 days so as to investigate the key factors influencing N2O and CO2 emissions in response to straw addition in long-term fertilization treatments. The results showed that fertilization significantly increased N2O emissions. Compared to those under the unfertilized treatment[(22.05 ±2.09) µg·kg-1, calculated as nitrogen, the same as below], cumulative N2O emissions from the chemical fertilizer treatments significantly increased by 119 %-195 %[(48.38 ±20.81) µg·kg-1 and (65.13 ±12.55) µg·kg-1 from the F and 2F treatments, respectively], and those from the manure treatments increased by 275 %-399 %[(82.72 ±12.73) µg·kg-1 and (1 101.99 ±425.71) µg·kg-1 from the M and FM treatments, respectively]. Soil NO3--N, DOC, and DTN were the main factors influencing N2O emissions from fertilized treatments in the absence of straw addition. Straw addition significantly increased cumulative N2O emissions by 345 % and 247 % in the 2F and M treatments, respectively, compared to those in the corresponding fertilized treatments without straw addition, with no significant effect on N2O emissions in the CK, F, and FM treatments. Straw addition increased DOC content and microbial activity and decreased soil NO3--N and DTN contents, thereby increasing N2O emissions. Fertilization also significantly increased CO2 emissions. Compared to those from the unfertilized treatment, cumulative CO2 emissions from the manure treatments significantly increased by 120 %-130 %[(122.11 ±4.3) mg·kg-1 (calculated as carbon, the same as below) and (116.47 ±4.55) mg·kg-1 from the M and FM treatments, respectively], and those in the 2F treatment increased by 28 %[(65.13 ±12.55) mg·kg-1]. In the absence of straw addition, soil MBC, DOC, and DTN were the main factors influencing CO2 emissions. Compared to those in the treatments without straw addition, straw addition significantly increased cumulative CO2 emissions by 660 %-1132 % among fertilization treatments, due to increased DOC and MBC contents and enhanced microbial activity. In conclusion, straw addition significantly increased N2O and CO2 emissions through increased soil DTN consumption and DOC content among fertilization treatments. In soils treated with manure amendment, straw return should be rationally considered for the purpose of balancing the comprehensive trade-offs between fertility improvement and greenhouse gas emissions.

Intramolecular exciplex featuring a bis-sp3 C-locked acceptor-donor-acceptor sandwich.

Intramolecular exciplex systems featuring thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have garnered significant attention in the realm of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Nonetheless, the occurrence of organic sandwich intramolecular exciplexes remains rare due to structural limitations and synthetic challenges. Herein, we present a novel rigid acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) sandwich complex, dSFQP, characterized by two sp3 C-locking moieties. This compound exhibits TADF characteristics facilitated by a multiple through-space charge-transfer process. X-ray crystallographic analysis confirms the distinctive sandwich configuration. The parallel spatial arrangement and minimized A-D-A configuration enhance electronic interactions, resulting in a high photoluminescence quantum yield, rapid reverse intersystem crossing rate, and sluggish nonradiative decay rate. OLEDs employing dSFQP as the dopant achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 28.5% with a low efficiency roll-off of merely 2.8% at 1000 cd m-2. Even at a high brightness of 10 000 cd m-2, the EQE remains notably high at 17.5%. Our current results provide an effective way to further innovate the design of new organic charge-transfer complexes.

Multi-metal ions co-regulated vanadium oxide cathode toward long-life aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

Interlayer intercalation engineering shows great feasibility to improve the structure stability of the layered oxides. Although high Zn-storage capability has been attained based on the pillar effect of multifarious intercalants, an in-depth understanding the synergistic effect of intercalated multiple metal ions is still in deficiency. Herein, alkali metal ion K+, alkaline earth metal ion Mg2+ and trivalent metal ion Al3+ are introduced into the VO interlayer of V2O5. Due to the different electronegativity and hydrated ion radius of K+, Mg2+ and Al3+, adjusting the relative proportions of these metal ions can achieve an appropriate interlayer spacing, stable layer structure and regular morphology, which facilitates the transport kinetics of Zn2+. Under the synergistic effect of pre-intercalated multi-metal ion, the optimal tri-metal ion intercalated hydrated V2O5 cathode exhibits a high specific capacity of 382.4 mAh g-1 at 0.5 A g-1, and long-term cycling stability with capacity retention of 86 % after 2000 cycles at the high current density of 10 A g-1. Ex-situ and kinetic characterizations reveal the fast charge transfer and reversible Zn2+ intercalation mechanism. The multi-ion engineering strategy provides an effective way to design desirable layered cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

Tuning the planarity of molecularly imprinted covalent organic frameworks for selective extraction of ochratoxin A in alcohol samples.

Here, we report a monomer planarity modulation strategy for room-temperature constructing molecularly imprinted-covalent organic frameworks (MI-COFs) for selective extraction of ochratoxin A (OTA). 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) was used as basic building block, while three amino monomers with different planarity were employed as modulators to explore the effect of planarity on the selectivity of MI-COFs. The MI-TpTapa constructed from Tp and the lowest planarity of monomer Tapa gave the highest selectivity for OTA, and was further used as the adsorbent for dispersed-solid phase extraction (DSPE) of OTA in alcohol samples. Coupling MI-TpTapa based DSPE with high-performance liquid chromatography allowed the matrix-effect free determination of OTA in alcohol samples with the limit of detection of 0.023 µg kg-1 and the recoveries of 91.4-97.6%. The relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 6) of intra and inter day was <3.2%. This work provides a new way to construct MI-COFs for selective extraction of hazardous targets.

Wickerhamomyces corioli f.a., sp. nov., a novel yeast species discovered in two mushroom species.

Two yeast strains, designated as 19-39-3 and 19-40-2, obtained from the fruiting bodies of Trametes versicolor and Marasmius siccus collected in Yunwu Mountain Forest Park, PR China, have been identified as representing a novel asexual ascomycetous yeast species. From the results of phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA, small subunit (SSU) rRNA and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) genes, it was determined that these strains represent a member of the genus Wickerhamomyces, with Wickerhamomyces alni and Candida ulmi as the closest relatives. The novel species exhibited 6.6 and 6.7% differences in the D1/D2 domains compared with W. alni and C. ulmi, respectively. Additionally, distinct biochemical and physiological differences were observed between the novel species and its related counterparts. No sexual reproduction was observed in these strains, leading to the proposal of the name Wickerhamomyces corioli f.a., sp. nov. for this newly discovered species.

Pore Size Adjustment Strategy for the Fabrication of Molecularly Imprinted Covalent Organic Framework Nanospheres at Room Temperature for Selective Extraction of Zearalenone in Cereal Samples.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are attractive adsorbents for sample pretreatment due to their unique structure and properties. However, the selectivity of COFs for the extraction of hazardous compounds is still limited due to the lack of specific interactions between COFs and targets. Herein, we report a pore size adjustment strategy for room-temperature synthesis of molecularly imprinted COF (MICOF) for selective extraction of zearalenone (ZEN) in complex food samples. The three-dimensional building block tetra(4-aminophenyl) methane was used as a functional monomer, while dialdehyde monomers with different numbers of benzene ring were used to adjust the pore size of MICOF to match with the size of ZEN molecules. The prepared MICOF gave the largest adsorption capacity of 177.2 mg g-1 and the highest imprinting factor of 10.1 for ZEN so far. MICOF was used as the adsorbent for dispersed solid-phase extraction in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of trace ZEN in cereals. The high selectivity of the developed method allows simple aqueous standard calibration for the matrix effect-free determination of ZEN in food samples. The limit of detection and the recoveries of the developed method were 0.21 µg kg-1 and 93.7-101.4%, respectively. The precision for the determination of ZEN was less than 3.8% (RSD, n = 6). The developed method is promising for the selective determination of ZEN in complex matrices.

Porphyrin-anthracene covalent organic frameworks for sustainable photosterilization.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have promising applications in enhanced phototherapy. However, COFs that can sustainably play a role in phototherapy without continuous irradiation are extremely scarce. Herein, we report the fabrication of porphyrin-anthracene multifunctional COFs (Por-DPA) for sustainable photosterilization and bacterial-infected wound healing. A porphyrin photosensitizer, as one of the monomers, was used to provide photothermal and photodynamic activities under irradiation. An anthracene derivative, a good chemical source of singlet oxygen (1O2), was selected as another monomer to capture 1O2 and release it continuously via cycloreversion in the dark. The prepared Por-DPA COF prevents the self-aggregation quenching of the photosensitizer and thermal damage caused by continuous exposure to external light sources. Besides, Por-DPA exhibits good photothermal conversion performance and efficient 1O2 production capacity through dual pathways of photosensitization and cycloreversion. The developed sustainable photosterilization platform not only has good bactericidal effects on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, but also promotes wound healing without obvious side effects, and is expected to be a novel efficient bactericide.

Rational Multidimensional Shielded Multiple Resonance Emitter Suppresses Concentration Quenching and Spectral Broadening for Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diodes.

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters based on multiple resonance (MR) effects are promising for high-definition organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with narrowband emission and high efficiency. However, they still face the challenges of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and spectral broadening. Solution-processable MR-TADF emitters with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of >20% and a full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of <30 nm have rarely been reported. To construct ACQ-resistant emitters without sacrificing color purity, the aggregation-induced MR-TADF material 6TBN with a rigid B,N-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon core and four carbazole substituents as well as 12 tert-butyl groups on the periphery is designed. The multidimensional shielded effect largely limits the ACQ, intermolecular interactions, and spectral broadening. Consequently, solution-processed OLEDs based on 6TBN exhibit a maximum EQE of 23.0% and high color purity with a fwhm of 25 nm. Furthermore, the nondoped device achieves a high efficiency (12.3%) and merely a slight widening of the fwhm to 27 nm. This work provides a feasible strategy to achieve MR-TADF materials with resistance to concentration quenching and high color purity.

Experimental study on carbon capture characteristics of marine engine exhaust gas by activated potassium carbonate absorbent.

Post-combustion carbon capture is a direct and effective way for onboard carbon capture. Therefore, it is important to develop onboard carbon capture absorbent that can both ensure a high absorption rate and reduce the energy consumption of the desorption process. In this paper, a K2CO3 solution was first established using Aspen Plus to simulate CO2 capture from the exhaust gases of a marine dual-fuel engine in diesel mode. The lean and rich CO2 loading results from the simulation were used to guide the selection and optimization of the activators used in the experiment. During the experiment, five amino acid salt activators including SarK, GlyK, ProK, LysK, and AlaK and four organic amine activators including MEA, PZ, AEEA, and TEPA were used. Experiments only considered the activation effect of CO2 loading between lean and rich conditions. The results showed that after adding a small amount of activator, the absorption rate of CO2 by the absorbent was greatly improved, and the activation effect of organic amine activators was stronger than that of amino acid salts. Among the amino acid salts, the SarK-K2CO3 composite solution showed the best performance in both absorption and desorption. Among the amino acid salts and the organic amino activators, SarK-K2CO3 showed the best performance in strengthening the CO2 desorption while PZ-K2CO3 enhanced the CO2 absorption process the most. In the study of the concentration ratio, it was found that when the mass concentration ratio was 1:1 for SarK:K2CO3 and PZ:K2CO3, the CO2 absorption and desorption processes improved well.

Observation of Non-Markovian Evolution of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering.

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a type of characteristic nonlocal correlation and provides an important resource in quantum information tasks, especially in view of its asymmetric property. Although plenty of works on EPR steering have been reported, the study of non-Markovian evolution of EPR steering, in which the interactions between the quantum system and surrounding environment are taken into consideration, still lacks intuitive experimental evidence. Here, we experimentally observe the non-Markovian evolution of EPR steering including its sudden death and revival processes, during which the degree of memory effect plays a key role in the recovery of steering. Additionally, a strict unsteerable feature is sufficiently verified during the non-Markovian evolution within multisetting measurements. This Letter, revealing the whole evolution of EPR steering under the non-Markovian process, provides incisive insight into the applications of EPR steering in quantum open systems.

Brønsted acid-catalyzed asymmetric dearomatization for synthesis of chiral fused polycyclic enone and indoline scaffolds.

In the past two decades, substantial advances have been made on the asymmetric alkyne functionalization by the activation of inert alkynes. However, these asymmetric transformations have so far been mostly limited to transition metal catalysis, and chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed examples are rarely explored. Here, we report a chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed dearomatization reaction of phenol- and indole-tethered homopropargyl amines, allowing the practical and atom-economical synthesis of a diverse array of valuable fused polycyclic enones and indolines bearing a chiral quaternary carbon stereocenter and two contiguous stereogenic centers in moderate to good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities and generally excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% enantiomeric excess). This protocol demonstrates Brønsted acid-catalyzed asymmetric dearomatizations via vinylidene-quinone methides.

Nanodesigns for Na3V2(PO4)3-based cathode in sodium-ion batteries: a topical review.

With the rapid development of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), it is urgent to exploit the cathode materials with good rate capability, attractive high energy density and considerable long cycle performance. Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP), as a NASICON-type electrode material, is one of the cathode materials with great potential for application because of its good thermal stability and stable. However, NVP has the inherent problem of low electronic conductivity, and various strategies are proposed to improve it, moreover, nanotechnology or nanostructure are involved in these strategies, the construction of nanostructured active particles and nanocomposites with conductive carbon networks have been shown to be effective in improving the electrical conductivity of NVP. Herein, we review the research progress of NVP performance improvement strategies from the perspective of nanostructures and classifies the prepared nanomaterials according to their different nano-dimension. In addition, NVP nanocomposites are reviewed in terms of both preparation methods and promotion effects, and examples of NVP nanocomposites at different nano-dimension are given. Finally, some personal views are presented to provide reasonable guidance for the research and design of high-performance polyanionic cathode materials of SIBs.

Experimental demonstration of separating the wave‒particle duality of a single photon with the quantum Cheshire cat.

As a fundamental characteristic of physical entities, wave‒particle duality describes whether a microscopic entity exhibits wave or particle attributes depending on the specific experimental setup. This assumption is premised on the notion that physical properties are inseparable from the objective carrier. However, after the concept of the quantum Cheshire cats was proposed, which makes the separation of physical attributes from the entity possible, the premise no longer holds. Furthermore, an experimental demonstration of the separation of the wave and particle attributes inspired by this scenario remains scarce. In this work, we experimentally separated the wave and particle attributes of a single photon by exploiting the quantum Cheshire cat concept for the first time. By applying a weak disturbance to the evolution of the system, we achieve an effect similar to the quantum Cheshire cat and demonstrated the separation of the wave and particle attributes via the extraction of weak values. Our work provides a new perspective for the in-depth understanding of wave‒particle duality and promotes the application of weak measurements in fundamentals of quantum mechanics.

N6-methyladenosine reader YTHDF3 regulates melanoma metastasis via its 'executor'LOXL3.

BACKGROUND: A number of studies have demonstrated that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays a vital role in the pathological process of various tumours. Recently, it was found that m6A writers or erasers affect the tumourigenesis of melanoma. However, the relationship between m6A readers such as YTH domain family (YTHDF) proteins and melanoma was still elusive. METHODS: RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were conducted to measure the expression level of YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 3 (YTHDF3) and lysyl oxidase-like 3 (LOXL3) in melanoma tissues and cells. The effects of YTHDF3 and LOXL3 on melanoma were verified in vitro and in vivo. Multi-omics analysis including RNA-seq, MeRIP-seq, RIP-seq and mass spectrometry analyses was performed to identify the target. The interaction between YTHDF3 and LOXL3 was verified by RT-PCR, Western blot, MeRIP-qPCR, RIP-qPCR and CRISPR-Cas13b-based epitranscriptome engineering. RESULTS: In this study, we found that m6A reader YTHDF3 could affect the metastasis of melanoma both in vitro and in vivo. The downstream targets of YTHDF3, such as LOXL3, phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) and chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) were identified by means of RNA-seq, MeRIP-seq, RIP-seq and mass spectrometry analyses. Besides, RT-qPCR, Western blot, RIP-qPCR and MeRIP-qPCR were performed for subsequent validation. Among various targets of YTHDF3, LOXL3 was found to be the optimal target of YTHDF3. With the application of CRISPR-Cas13b-based epitranscriptome engineering, we further confirmed that the transcript of LOXL3 was captured and regulated by YTHDF3 via m6A binding sites. YTHDF3 augmented the protein expression of LOXL3 without affecting its mRNA level via the enrichment of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit A (eIF3A) on the transcript of LOXL3. LOXL3 downregulation inhibited the metastatic ability of melanoma cells, and overexpression of LOXL3 ameliorated the inhibition of melanoma metastasis caused by YTHDF3 downregulation. CONCLUSIONS: The YTHDF3-LOXL3 axis could serve as a promising target to be interfered with to inhibit the metastasis of melanoma.

Observation of the density dependence of the closed-channel fraction of a 6Li superfluid.

Atomic Fermi gases provide an ideal platform for studying pairing and superfluid physics, using a Feshbach resonance between closed-channel molecular states and open-channel scattering states. Of particular interest is the strongly interacting regime. We show that the closed-channel fraction [Formula: see text] provides an effective probe for important many-body interacting effects, especially through its density dependence, which is absent from two-body theoretical predictions. Here we measure [Formula: see text] as a function of interaction strength and the Fermi temperature [Formula: see text] in a trapped 6Li superfluid throughout the entire Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-Bose-Einstein-condensate crossover, in quantitative agreement with theory when important thermal contributions outside the superfluid core are taken into account. Away from the deep-BEC regime, the fraction [Formula: see text] is sensitive to [Formula: see text]. In particular, our data show [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] at unitarity, in quantitative agreement with calculations of a two-channel pairing fluctuation theory, and [Formula: see text] increases rapidly into the BCS regime, reflecting many-body interaction effects as predicted.

A Dislocated Twin-Locking Acceptor-Donor-Acceptor Configuration for Efficient Delayed Fluorescence with Multiple Through-Space Charge Transfer.

Organic materials featuring intramolecular through-space charge transfer (TSCT) excited states are advantageous for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), although the realization of multiple TSCT systems remains challenging. Herein, a rigid molecule with a three-dimensional dislocated sandwich acceptor-donor-acceptor configuration has been developed by a linking biphenazine (2PXZ) donor and 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (TRZ) acceptor through the twin-locking of two spiro-fluorene bridges. The twin-locking construction with multiple TSCT effects suppresses the intramolecular rotations of various segments in 2PXZ-2TRZ, leading to a small singlet-triplet energy difference, a fast reverse intersystem crossing process, and high photoluminescence quantum yield. This material simultaneously possesses the capabilities of TADF and aggregation-induced emission. The device employing 2PXZ-2TRZ as a dopant displays an optimal external quantum efficiency of 27.1 % and a low efficiency roll-off.

Optical demonstration of quantum fault-tolerant threshold.

A major challenge in practical quantum computation is the ineludible errors caused by the interaction of quantum systems with their environment. Fault-tolerant schemes, in which logical qubits are encoded by several physical qubits, enable to the output of a higher probability of correct logical qubits under the presence of errors. However, strict requirements to encode qubits and operators render the implementation of a full fault-tolerant computation challenging even for the achievable noisy intermediate-scale quantum technology. Especially the threshold for fault-tolerant computation still lacks experimental verification. Here, based on an all-optical setup, we experimentally demonstrate the existence of the threshold for the fault-tolerant protocol. Four physical qubits are represented as the spatial modes of two entangled photons, which are used to encode two logical qubits. The experimental results clearly show that when the error rate is below the threshold, the probability of correct output in the circuit, formed with fault-tolerant gates, is higher than that in the corresponding non-encoded circuit. In contrast, when the error rate is above the threshold, no advantage is observed in the fault-tolerant implementation. The developed high-accuracy optical system may provide a reliable platform to investigate error propagation in more complex circuits with fault-tolerant gates.

Hypopigmented Mycosis Fungoides: A Clinicopathological Review of 32 Patients.

Background: Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides (hMF) is gradually acknowledged by more dermatologists, yet a consensus regarding its characteristics is not reached. The profile of Chinese hMF patients has not been deeply reviewed previously. Our research may contribute to the understanding of hMF, especially the Chinese patients with Fitzpatrick phototypes of III and IV. Aim: To have a better understanding of hMF in terms of clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features in the Chinese population and to determine if there are differences between the Chinese population and other ethnic groups. Methods: We made a retrospective analysis of clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features of 32 hMF patients in our hospital from 2010 to 2020. These features were then summarized and compared with previous reports. Results: All patients belonged to Fitzpatrick phototypes of III or IV. Twenty-one male (65.63%) patients and 11 female (34.37%) patients were analyzed, and the male to female ratio was 1.9:1. The age at diagnosis of patients ranged from 4 to 39 years, and the average age at diagnosis of these patients was 18 years, the median age was 16.5. Back was the most frequent site (34.37%). The clinical and histological results of lesions had no distinctive points. Immunohistochemically, among these 32 patients, there were 30 patients whose information was complete, there was 19 patients (63.33%) who were CD8 positive lymphocytes predominance, 9 patients (30%) had CD8 and CD4 positive lymphocyte mixed infiltration, and other 2 patients (6.67%) had CD4 positive lymphocytes predominance. Partial loss of CD7 was only observed in 1 patient (3.33%). Nearly all patients adopted topical nitrogen mustard and topical steroid and most of them had an excellent prognosis. Conclusion: The clinical profiles of hMF in Chinese population shared differences with other ethnic groups, but its histopathological, immunohistochemical results and prognosis condition were resembled with other previous reports. Hence, more patients were needed to find the characteristics of hMF.