Maternal knowledge on nutritional-focused nurturing care and associated factors among women with stunted children aged 6-23 months in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Childhood stunting poses serious long-term risks to cognitive development, education, and adult productivity. While research has explored stunting's causes and effects, there is a lack of focus on maternal knowledge of nutrition-focused nurturing care for stunted children. This gap limits the ability to design effective interventions that target improved caregiving practices. Objective: This study aimed to assess maternal knowledge of nutrition-focused nurturing care and explore associated factors, including child gender, maternal age, education, income, and prior exposure to nurturing care information, among mothers of stunted children aged 6-23 months in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 73 mothers in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Data were collected from February to March 2024 using a validated self-assessment questionnaire covering four domains: responsive caregiving, early learning opportunities, safety and security, and supportive caregiver well-being. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and one-way ANOVA, were performed. Results: Overall maternal knowledge of nurturing care was high, with a mean score of 25.15 (SD = 4.72). Factors significantly associated with higher knowledge included having male children (p = 0.017), being aged 30-34 years (p = 0.035), possessing higher education levels (p = 0.002), and prior exposure to nurturing care information (p <0.001). Family income significantly influenced knowledge in the domain of early learning opportunities (p = 0.006), though not in other areas. Conclusion: Maternal knowledge of nutrition-focused nurturing care was influenced by child gender, maternal age, education, income, and prior exposure to nurturing care information. These findings emphasize the importance of focused educational interventions in nursing practice to enhance maternal knowledge. Addressing these factors can help align nursing strategies better to support the healthy growth and development of children.

Roles of justice courts: settlement of general election administrative disputes in Indonesia.

Both the management and participants commit administrative violations in the general election. Often, they are not aware that they are breaking regulations. Since the fall of the New Order Era, administrative frauds in the general election are handled by administrative courts through administrative legal proceedings. Administrative violations bring about disadvantages to participants and raise administrative disputes between the two parties. The present article analyses the process of the settlement of administrative disputes in the 2019 general election in Indonesia and the roles of the administrative courts in the process. Data on the examples of cases and causes of disputes are obtained empirically in court verdicts by the High Court of the Republic of Indonesia that have legal standing. The analysis adopts the inductive logic method. This article concludes that the process of the settling of administrative disputes of the general election in Indonesia, as in various other democratic countries, takes the involvement of administrative dispute resolution bodies (ADR). ADR must be completed first before bringing dispute cases to the administrative court. The settlement of the disputes is done by the Constitution Court of the Republic of Indonesia and is regulated by State Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7 Year 2017 about the general election.

Systematic review: Effectiveness of combination of lactic acid attractants for control of dengue vector Aedes spp.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to review the effectiveness of lactic acid when combined with other types of attractants for Aedes spp. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA). Literature search used Cinahl, Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and Ebsco electronic databases. Research articles used in the systematic review were experimental articles that reported the effectiveness of mosquito traps using lactic acid or a combination of lactic acid with other attractants. RESULTS: From a total of 42 articles reviewed, there were 6 articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The highest synergistic combination of lactic acid in the ketone group was shown in the acetone compound, in the sulfides class, dimethyl sulfides, and in the chloroalkanes group, chloroform. The combination of lactic acid with two effective attractants can be seen in the incorporation of ammonia + caproic acid, and for the incorporation of lactic acid with three other effective attractants illustrated by combining ammonia + caproic acid + CO2. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Lactic acid as an attractant can be combined with other various compounds (ketone compounds, sulfides and chloroalkanes). Lactic acid increases its effectiveness in trapping Ae. aegypti and/or Ae. albopictus if combined with acetone, dimethyl sulfides, and/or chloroform.

Mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding and infant feeding types affect acute respiratory infections.

INTRODUCTION: World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for new-borns until 6 months of age. However, exclusive breastfeeding in Indonesia only reached 52.3% in 2014 and 65.16% in 2018. It is known that administration of infant formula and non-formula supplements to infants aged less than 6 months increases the risk of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs). In addition, the high prevalence of ARIs in infants in Sleman Regency, Indonesia indicates the need of optimal early prevention. Therefore, we conducted this study to confirm that mothers' knowledge of breastfeeding and infant feeding types affect the prevalence of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs). METHODS: Data were collected through questionnaires from 50 mothers with infants aged 7-12 months who had experienced ARIs in the last 3 months (case group) and 50 mothers with healthy infants (control group). Collected data were then analysed using Chi-Square, Logistic Regression, Lambda, and Somers' D tests. RESULTS: The results showed that types of infant feeding are associated with the prevalence of ARIs. Non-breastfed infants were 14 times riskier to contract ARIs. Mothers' knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding influenced their preferences of feeding practice. However, their attitude towards breastfeeding did not appear to significantly affect their choices of feeding practice. CONCLUSIONS: Exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of an infant's life can lower the prevalence of ARIs for when they are older. Mothers' good knowledge of breastfeeding is associated with its practice.

People equity model as an effort to increase employees' intention to stay.

Background: The high turnover rate in the healthcare industry needs serious attention since it influences hospital service quality. So, there is a need to develop a new framework known as people equity, that can be used to manage intangible assets and reduce employees' intention to leave. The purpose of this study therefore was to develop a model of people equity as a strategy for enhancing employees' intention to stay. Design and methods: An analytical cross-sectional design was used to measure the associations between variables. 154 respondents were selected from stratified random sampling technique. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the measurement model. Results: The results indicated that people equity was influenced by organizational factors (P=0.210), individual factors (P=0.183), and occupational factors (P=0.141). In addition to this, predictors for employees' intention to stay were people equity (P=0.432), individual factors (P=0.308), and environmental factors (P=0.117). Conversely, working and marital status, environment, and workload have no significant effect on people equity and intention to stay. Conclusions: People equity was influenced by organizational, individual, and occupational factors through the implementation of the Human Resources System. People equity model increased employees' intention to stay by improving organizational factors.

Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Pre-school Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder Assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist 1½-5.

BACKGROUND: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience a significant disruption in the ability to communicate and interact socially. Early detection is important; the earlier the child is identified with ASD, the faster the intervention can begin. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is a screening tool capable of identifying various emotional and behavioral disorders. Research data on the use of the CBCL as a screening tool for ASD are still limited in Indonesia. The present study aimed to evaluate the CBCL's ability to detect emotional and behavioral problems in pre-school children with ASD. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted in Surabaya, Indonesia. Children aged 1½-5 years old diagnosed with ASD, and typically developing (TD) children were enrolled using total sampling. The CBCL/1½-5 questionnaire for parents, consisting of 99 items, was used in this research to evaluate emotional and behavioral problems. Data were analyzed with the Independent-Sample T-test to compare the CBCL/1½-5 scale between ASD and TD children, while the proportion of gender was evaluated by a chi-square test with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Fifty children were included in this research, 25 with ASD and 25 TD. Seventy six percent (38) were male and 24% (12) were female. Six of the seven scales were significantly higher in ASD children than TD in the CBCL/1½-5. Children with ASD had higher internalization (p < 0.0001), externalization (p = 0.001), and total problem scores (p < 0.0001) when compared to TD children. CONCLUSION: The CBCL/1½-5 can significantly detect the emotional and behavioral problems in pre-school children with ASD.

Sex Education in Children and Adolescents With Disabilities in Yogyakarta, Indonesia From a Teachers' Gender Perspective.

Children and adolescents with disabilities (CAD) frequently engage in inappropriate sexual behaviors. In Indonesia, the need for sex education for CAD remains unclear. This study investigated teacher attitudes toward providing sex education in special schools to clarify the gender differences among teachers providing sex education. Questionnaires were sent to 180 teachers. The response rate was 72.2%. Eighty-three percent of responders were Muslim. Our findings revealed that teachers in special schools considered sex education to be important. However, the number of sex education contents was limited, and female teachers were more positive about teaching sex education than male teachers. Equally, female teachers taught a greater number of sex education contents than did male teachers. These findings were consistent with reports from developed countries although cultural and religious background differed from those of Indonesia. Sex education for CAD was accepted by teachers in Indonesia; however, materials and tools for education should be developed further.

Sleep Problem of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder Assessed by Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Abbreviated in Indonesia and Japan.

BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are associated with problems of cognitive functioning, learning, attention and school performance. It has been found that sleep problems are highly prevalent in children with Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), with rates ranging from 40% to 80%. We aimed to identify the prevalence of sleep problems on children with ASD in Indonesia and Japan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Surabaya, Indonesia and Kobe, Japan. Children aged 4 -10 years old were enrolled using stratified cluster sampling. Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire-Abbreviated (CSHQ-A) was used in this research to assess the sleep problems, consisted of 22 questions (NICHD SECCYD-Wisconsin). Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test to compare the CSHQ-A scores between Indonesian and Japanese children, while the proportion of sleep problems was evaluated by chi-square test with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Fifty children with ASD were included in this study, 25 children from Kobe, Japan and 25 children from Surabaya, Indonesia. The prevalence of sleep problems on children with ASD was 60% (15 children) in Indonesia and 16% (4 children) in Japan respectively. There were significant differences in total waking during the night and in morning wake for the CSHQ-A between children from Indonesia and Japan (p<0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of sleep problems on children with ASD was higher in children from Indonesia than from Japan.

Usefulness of CBCL/6-18 to evaluate emotional and behavioral problems in Indonesian autism spectrum disorder children.

BACKGROUND: The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) has been widely utilized to estimate emotional and behavioral problems in children in the USA and Europe. Although the Indonesian version of the CBCL/6-18 was proven to have good validity and internal consistency in children with typical development (TD) in Indonesia, it has not been utilized for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the usefulness of CBCL/6-18 for detecting emotional and behavioral problems in Indonesian ASD children. METHODS: One hundred and eight mothers of children with ASD and with TD were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of ASD in Indonesia was made by expert child neurologists based on DSM-IV-TR. Mothers of children aged 6-18 years completed the Indonesian version of the CBCL. RESULTS: The scores of total problems, internalizing, and externalizing were significantly higher in the ASD group than the TD group. Children with ASD scored significantly higher in seven of the eight CBCL subscales (except somatic complaints) compared with TD children. CONCLUSIONS: The CBCL/6-18 Indonesian version could be considered as a useful tool for detecting emotional and behavioral problems in children with ASD in Indonesia in Muslim populations.

Verifying the Indonesian version of the Child Behavior Checklist.

BACKGROUND: The Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18 (CBCL/6-18) is widely used to assess emotional and behavioral problems in children in the USA and Europe. Given that Indonesia has a more traditional culture that is different from the USA and Europe, it is possible that the CBCL is not effective in assessing the emotional and behavioral problems of Indonesian children, due to a difference in culture. Moreover, the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the CBCL/6-18 have not been tested. The purpose of this study was therefore to test the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the CBCL/6-18. METHODS: Three hundred and eight mothers of children attending public primary schools participated in this study by completing the self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: All items of the CBCL were positively correlated with total score (0.15-0.59), and total problems score had high internal consistency (r = 0.94). The correlations between questionnaire items and the eight subscales of the CBCL ranged from 0.10 to 0.74 and from 0.12 to 0.64 for the internalizing and externalizing scales, respectively (P < 0.01). The eight subscales of the CBCL had good internal consistency (0.61-0.87). CONCLUSIONS: The CBCL/6-18 is a valid and reliable instrument to measure emotional and behavioral problems in Indonesian children aged 6-12 years.

HPV genotyping linear assay test comparison in cervical cancer patients: implications for HPV prevalence and molecular epidemiology in a limited-resource area in Bandung, Indonesia.

BACKGROUND: Persistent infection with high risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is strongly associated with cervical cancer. Normal cervical cells may also harbor hrHPV, and detection of early hrHPV infection may minimize risk of cervical cancer development. This study aimed to compare two commercial HPV genotyping assays that may affordable for early screening in a limited-resource setting in Bandung, Indonesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DNA from cervical biopsies with histologically confirmed as squamous cell cervical cacinoma were HPV genotyped by Linear Assay 1 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) or Linear Assay 2 (Digene HPV Genotyping RH Test, Qiagen Gaithersburg, MD). In a subset of samples of each group, HPV genotype results were then compared. RESULTS: Of 28 samples genotyped by linear assay 1, 22 (78.6%) demonstrated multiple infections with HPV-16 and other hrHPV types 18, 45 and/or 52. In another set of 38 samples genotyped by linear assay 2, 28 (68.4%) were mostly single infections by hrHPV type 16 or 18. Interestingly, 4 samples that had been tested by both kits showed discordant results. CONCLUSIONS: In a limited-resource area such as in Indonesia, country with a high prevalence of HPV infection a reliable cervical screening test in general population for early hrHPV detection is needed. Geographical variation in HPV genotyping result might have impacts for HPV prevalence and molecular epidemiology as the distribution in HPV genotypes should give clear information to assess the impact of HPV prophylactic vaccines.

Test selection, adaptation, and evaluation: a systematic approach to assess nutritional influences on child development in developing countries.

BACKGROUND: Evaluating the impact of nutrition interventions on developmental outcomes in developing countries can be challenging since most assessment tests have been produced in and for developed country settings. Such tests may not be valid measures of children's abilities when used in a new context. AIMS: We present several principles for the selection, adaptation, and evaluation of tests assessing the developmental outcomes of nutrition interventions in developing countries where standard assessment tests do not exist. We then report the application of these principles for a nutrition trial on the Indonesian island of Lombok. SAMPLE: Three hundred children age 22-55 months in Lombok participated in a series of pilot tests for the purpose of test adaptation and evaluation. Four hundred and eighty-seven 42-month-old children in Lombok were tested on the finalized test battery. METHODS: The developmental assessment tests were adapted to the local context and evaluated for a number of psychometric properties, including convergent and discriminant validity, which were measured based on multiple regression models with maternal education, depression, and age predicting each test score. RESULTS: The adapted tests demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and the expected pattern of relationships with the three maternal variables. Maternal education significantly predicted all scores but one, maternal depression predicted socio-emotional competence, socio-emotional problems, and vocabulary, while maternal age predicted socio-emotional competence only. CONCLUSION: Following the methodological principles we present resulted in tests that were appropriate for children in Lombok and informative for evaluating the developmental outcomes of nutritional supplementation in the research context. Following this approach in future studies will help to determine which interventions most effectively improve child development in developing countries.

Javanese species of the mite genus Macrocheles (Arachnida: Acari: Gamasina: Macrochelidae).

Twelve mite species of the genus Macrocheles (Acari: Macrochelidae) were collected from the body surface of dung beetles in Java, Indonesia. Of these, three species, i.e., Macrocheles jabarensis, M. jonggolensis, and M. sukabumiensis, were described as new to science. Female of M. dispar was redescribed. Two species, i.e., M. baliensis and M. sukaramiensis, were recorded from Java for the first time. The occurrence of five species previously recorded from Java, i.e., M. hallidayi, M. kraepelini, M. limue, M. oigru, and M. merdarius, were reconfirmed. Taxonomic status of M. sp. aff. glaber was not settled in the present study, because we could not obtain the male and immatures which are indispensable for exact identification. In total 15 species of the genus Macrocheles, including 3 species already recorded but not collected in this research (M. crispa, M. krantzi, and M. subbadius), are known from Java up to date.