RESUMO
Acinetobacter species are non-fermentative Gram-negative coccobacilli that are ubiquitous in the environment. The archetype pathogen within the genus is Acinetobacter baumannii, however, other species have the potential to cause human infection, especially in the hospital setting. We describe a patient with infection due to Acinetobacter radioresistens, a rare agent of human disease, which is often misidentified using biochemical methods. Acinetobacter radioresistens is the source of the Class D OXA-23 carbapenemase that can confer carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii. Therefore, accurate identification of A. radioresistens is important for clinical management and to potentially prevent the spread of carbapenem resistance.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Globicatella sanguinis is an uncommon pathogen that may be misdiagnosed as viridans group streptococci. We review the literature of Globicatella and report 2 clinical cases in which catalase-negative Gram-positive cocci resembling viridans group streptococci with elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to ceftriaxone were inconsistently identified phenotypically, with further molecular characterization and ultimate identification of G sanguinis. METHODS: Two clinical strains (from 2 obese women; 1 with a prosthetic hip infection and the other with bacteremia) were analyzed with standard identification methods, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 16S recombinant ribonucleic acid (rRNA), and sodA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The existing medical literature on Globicatella also was reviewed. RESULTS: Standard phenotypic methods failed to consistently identify the isolates. 16S PCR yielded sequences that confirmed Globicatella species. sodA sequencing provided species-level identification of G sanguinis. The review of literature reveals G sanguinis as an increasingly reported cause of infections of the urine, meninges, and blood. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an orthopedic infection caused by Globicatella sanguinis. A review of the 37 known cases of G sanguinis infection revealed that 83% of patients are female, and 89% are at the extremes of age (<5 or >65 years). CONCLUSIONS: Globicatella sanguinis, an uncommon pathogen with elevated minimum inhibitory concentrations to third-generation cephalosporins, is difficult to identify by phenotypic methods and typically causes infections in females at the extremes of age. It may colonize skin or mucosal surfaces. Advanced molecular techniques utilizing 16S rRNA with sodA PCR accurately identify G sanguinis.
RESUMO
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is widely used for the treatment of bladder cancer. We report a case of BCG-associated mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm that was successfully treated with resection and antimycobacterial therapy.
Assuntos
Aneurisma Infectado/etiologia , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/etiologia , Vacina BCG/efeitos adversos , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Administração Intravesical , Idoso , Aneurisma Infectado/diagnóstico , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico , Vacina BCG/administração & dosagem , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Masculino , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológicoAssuntos
Osteomielite/complicações , Infecções Pneumocócicas/complicações , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/complicações , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Úmero/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Osteomielite/microbiologia , Osteomielite/patologia , Infecções Pneumocócicas/patologiaRESUMO
Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with encephalitis were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The guidelines are intended for use by health care providers who care for patients with encephalitis. The guideline includes data on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of many viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal, and helminthic etiologies of encephalitis and provides information on when specific etiologic agents should be considered in individual patients with encephalitis.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Encefalite/diagnóstico , Encefalite/tratamento farmacológico , Encefalite/microbiologia , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , HumanosAssuntos
Meningites Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Meningites Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Algoritmos , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Derivações do Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Criança , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Meningites Bacterianas/microbiologiaRESUMO
Fungal prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a serious complication of valve replacement surgery. We report the first case of documented Pichia ohmeri PVE in an immunocompetent man who was successfully treated with valve replacement and antifungal therapy with amphotericin B.