The effect of implementing Peplau's theory of interpersonal communication on the quality of life of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with AIDS face many problems, including problems related to treatment, social and family exclusion, high treatment costs, and drug complications, which affect the quality of life of these patients and change it. The aim was to determine the effect of the application of Peplau's theory of interpersonal communication on the quality of life of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 50 AIDS patients referred to Shahrekord Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center. Simple random sampling was performed and then the sample was assigned to two groups experimental and control. The theory of therapeutic communication of Peplau on patients in the experimental group was performed individually and immediately after the intervention and three months later the quality of life questionnaire was completed in both groups. In this research, the data collection tool includes a demographic information questionnaire and a WHOQOL-BREF. The WHOQOLBREF questionnaire measures the four domains of physical health, mental health, social relationships, and environmental health with 24 questions. The chi-square or Fisher's exact test, independent T-test and analysis of variance with repeated measurements were used to compare the quality of life of patients. RESULTS: Data analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the mean score of quality of life between the experimental and control groups before the implementation of Peplau's interpersonal communication theory (p=0.927). But after the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of quality of life between the two groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Findings of the study show the positive effects of using Peplau's therapeutic communication model on quality of life. Therefore, this method is recommended as an effective and cost-effective care model for all patients referred to the Shahrekord Behavioral Diseases Counseling Center.

Effect of Self-Management Program on Health Status and Dyspnea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background: Self-management is becoming increasingly important in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as it is associated with improved clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a self-management program on health status and dyspnea severity in patients with COPD. Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental study was done on patients with COPD who were hospitalized at Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals from July 2017 to November 2019 in Shahrekord, Iran. Sixty patients with COPD were selected and completed three questionnaires, including a demographic questionnaire, COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and Dyspnea Scale (mMRC). The researcher educated the self-management skills to the intervention group, and the control group received routine care only. Three months after the intervention, the questionnaires were completed again by the control and intervention groups. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics by SPSS version 24. Results: The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference in health status between the two groups before the intervention (p=0.827). Three months after the intervention, the health status score in the control and intervention groups were 20.93±5.00 and 18.00±5.18, respectively, which this difference was statistically significant (p=0.030). Also, at the beginning of the study, the difference in dyspnea score between the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.593). However, three months after the intervention, the score of dyspnea in the control and intervention groups was 2.1±0.995 and 1.53±1.074, respectively, which this difference was significant (p= 0.038). Conclusion: This study showed that self-management intervention could improve the health status and reduce the dyspnea of patients with COPD.

Withdrawn: A Review of Current Evidence from Cardiovascular Manifestations and Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal Current Pharmaceutical Design.Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php. Bentham Science Disclaimer: It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication. ©

Prevelence of depression in Iranian women with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Depression is a debilitating disease that is highly prevalent among cancer patients. Various studies in Iran have reported different prevalence. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the overall prevalence of depression in Iranian women with breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study, published articles in Persian and English were collected without time limit. Keyword searches for depression, depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, major depressive disorder, breast cancer, breast neoplasm, and Iran and all of their potential combinations were performed in Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science databases. The heterogeneity between studies was assessed using the Q-Cochrane test and, given the significant heterogeneity, a random-effects model was used to estimate the overall prevalence of depression. Data were analyzed using STATA version 11 software. RESULTS: The analysis of 22 selected articles with a total sample size of 3,082 showed that the overall prevalence of depression in women with breast cancer was 49.98% (95% confidence interval: 48.43-52.52). The prevalence of depression in Region 1 in the country was (28%; 95% confidence interval: 25.53-52.55) and in other regions, it was (63.79% with 95% confidence interval of 61.82-76.76). The highest and the lowest prevalence of depression were related to BDI (69.33%; 95% confidence interval: 67.19-71.48) and HADS (26.43%; 95% confidence interval: 23.14-29.72), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Half of the Iranian women with breast cancer had depression. Given the overlap of physical symptoms of cancer with depression, identifying at-risk patients for controlling and providing therapeutic interventions seems necessary.

Antioxidants and their role in the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD), perspective of complementary nursing and medicine: a review.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible disease that leads to end-stage renal disease. Many factors such as increased oxidative stress play a role in the occurrence of this complication. Due to the effective role of the antioxidant defense system in controlling many of the complications in which oxidative stress is involved, the present study was conducted to evaluate the role of antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease. METHODS: In this review study, studies using standard keywords in internal and external databases including: SID, Magiran, IranDoc, Medlib, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Medline and Google Scholar search engine, were retrieved and selected without time limit. RESULTS: Among the selected articles, 14 articles were eligible for inclusion in the study, which was performed on more than 20,000 people and several animal models of rats from 2005 onwards. The results showed that there is an inverse relationship between the concentration of antioxidant enzymes in the body and the intensity and progression of CKD. In severe cases, a significant decrease in the concentration of antioxidant enzymes in the body, as well as cofactors such as selenium, iron and zinc in the progressive and severe course of CKD has been observed. CONCLUSIONS: The positive and significant effect of antioxidant compounds in chronic kidney disease is evident. The use of these compounds in the diet in the form of fruits, vegetables and grains, as well as the supply of iron and zinc and other minerals elements as cofactors for the action of enzymatic antioxidants has an effective role in the prevention and treatment of diseases by controlling free radicals.

The Effects of Clofibrate on Neonatal Jaundice: A Systematic Review.

Background: Neonatal jaundice is a prevalent disease that causes many complications, including kernicterus and even death. Previous studies have shown that clofibrate as an aryloxy isobutyric acid derivate can be effectively applied for the treatment of neonatal jaundice. Thus, this review was carried out to investigate the effects and mechanism of action of clofibrate on neonatal jaundice. Methods: The keywords such as "Clofibrate" in combination with "Neonatal jaundice" or "Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia" or "Newborn Jaundice" were used to search for relevant publications indexed in the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Finally, after reviewing the studies, 24 papers were included in this study. Results: Results showed that the processes of albumin-bound bilirubin transfer to the hepatocytes, hepatic uptake, and storage via ligandin, hepatic conjugation via uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), conjugation into the bile via MRP2 represent the main action mechanism of clofibrate that turns it into the bilirubin conjugates and expels it from the bile. Besides, clofibrate has been shown to reduce the level of Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) in infants even at a dosage of 25 mg/kg without leaving side effects. Conclusions: The results of this review revealed that clofibrate effectively reduces TSB in short-term usage and can even have a promising effect at the dosage of 25 mg/kg in full-term infants. Most studies have shown this property over a short period in term infants, and there is no evidence about long-term usage in this regard.

Identification of SARS-CoV-2 surface therapeutic targets and drugs using molecular modeling methods for inhibition of the virus entry.

Although COVID-19 emerged as a major concern to public health around the world, no licensed medication has been found as of yet to efficiently stop the virus spread and treat the infection. The SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cell is driven by the direct interaction of the S1 domain with the ACE-2 receptor followed by conformational changes in the S2 domain, as a result of which fusion peptide is inserted into the target cell membrane, and the fusion process is mediated by the specific interactions between the heptad repeats 1 and 2 (HR1 and HR2) that form the six-helical bundle. Since blocking this interaction between HRs stops virus fusion and prevents its subsequent replication, the HRs inhibitors can be used as anti-COVID drugs. The initial drug selection is based on existing molecular databases to screen for molecules that may have a therapeutic effect on coronavirus. Based on these premises, we chose two approved drugs to investigate their interactions with the HRs (based on docking methods). To this end, molecular dynamics simulations and molecular docking were carried out to investigate the changes in the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Our results revealed, cefpiramide has the highest affinity to S protein, thereby revealing its potential to become an anti-COVID-19 clinical medicine. Therefore, this study offers new ways to re-use existing drugs to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Effect of Intravenous Fluid Adjuvant Therapy on Decreasing Serum Bilirubin during Intensive Phototherapy in Healthy Term Neonate with Severe Nonhemolytic Hyperbilirubinemia.

Background: Phototherapy is the most common form of treatment and prevention of neonatal nonconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. It seems that intravenous fluid therapy as a complementary method of phototherapy can accelerate the healing process in affected infants. This study aimed at investigating intravenous fluid therapy's effect in decreasing serum bilirubin in healthy term neonates with nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia under intensive phototherapy. Methods: As many as 160 healthy term infants with severe nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia and without exclusion criteria were enrolled. Infants were randomized to the two treatment groups (phototherapy alone and combination with intravenous fluid therapy). Serum bilirubin at admission time, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h later were measured. We evaluated decreasing serum bilirubin levels and duration of hospitalization in both groups. Results: In this study, the mean levels of serum bilirubin on admission time, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after treatment gradually reduced in both groups; still, the decrease was not statistically significant between the two groups. Conclusions: Intravenous fluids therapy does not have a significant advantage in the process of phototherapy in healthy term neonates with severe nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia.

T helper type (Th1/Th2) responses to SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A (H1N1) virus: From cytokines produced to immune responses.

Cytokines produced by T helper cells (Th cells) have essential roles in the body's defense against viruses. Type 1 T helper (Th1) cells are essential for the host defense toward intracellular pathogens while T helper type 2 (Th2) cells are considered to be critical for the helminthic parasites' elimination swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus, a disease led to an epidemic in 2009 and rapidly spread globally via human-to-human transmission. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a global pandemic in 2020 and is a serious threat to the public health. Pulmonary immunopathology is the leading cause of death during influenza and SARS-CoV-2 epidemics and pandemics. Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 cause high levels of cytokines in the lung. Both inadequate levels and high levels of specific cytokines can have side effects. In this literature review article, we want to compare the Th1 and Th2 cells responses in SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1.

The Effect of the Nursing Care Based on the Roy Adaptation Model on the Level of the Quality of Life and Fatigue in the Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery.

This article reports the findings of a study designed to investigate the effectiveness of the Roy Adaptation Model, as it relates to improvements in nursing care outcomes for patients undergoing coronary bypass graft surgery. Results revealed that the implementation of a training program based on this model enhanced staff education and led to decreases in the level of fatigue and improved the quality of life for this group of patients.

Care and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine: sedentary lifestyle and increased risk of kidney stones.

Currently, the issue of lifestyle combined with lack of physical activity in quarantine conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic has become a major health problem in many countries around the world. Increased inactivity is associated with increased obesity as well as decreased physical activity and general health. Kidney stones are the third most common urinary tract disease. Prevention of non-communicable diseases depends on controlling risk factors such as low levels of physical activity. Kidney stones are also among the noncommunicable diseases that can be prevented by changing behavioral habits. Physical activity is a behavior that has many proven health benefits and is one of the most effective ways to prevent chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate sedentary lifestyle and its relationship with oxidative stress and kidney stone formation, and finally to provide medical solutions and recommendations.

Investigating the effect of quarantine caused by COVID-19 on mental health and social trust.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the effect of quarantine caused by COVID-19 on people's mental health and social trust. METHOD: In this study, the sample size covers 2919 people in the southwest of Iran that was selected cluster sample method and was evaluated online using tools of social trust and a checklist of mental disorder syndrome. RESULTS: Due to the results, COVID-19 affected all people's mental health negatively, but there was a significant difference between the rates of COVID-19 caused anxiety and the dimensions of the psychological problems and social trust different between men and women and married and single people, and also the education level. There was no significant relationship between any of the demographic variables and social trust variables, corona anxiety, and dimensions of psychological problems. And there was a negative and significant relationship between the dimensions of social trust and the dimensions of psychological problems. Moreover, the social trust rate in the subjects was desirable. Based on the results and the cutoff point of 2.5 as a border of healthy and unhealthy psychological dimensions, 4.5% had pathological anxiety, 7.3% had pathological depression, 5% had aggression, and 5.9 % had pathological obsessive-compulsive disorder. Depression had the highest scores, and aggression had the lowest scores. CONCLUSION: Due to this study's results, policymakers should consider measures that should be taken in crisis to support all people, especially vulnerable people in psychological, economic, social, spiritual, and psychological fields. On the other hand, the government must train the public through the mass media to cope with COVID-19.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Iranian Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: Perspective of Prevention, Care and Treatment.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic breathing disorder during sleep. It is prevalent among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and can increase its severity and mortality. Various studies have reported different results in Iran. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of OSA in Iranian patients with CVD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, eight papers published in Persian and English languages were reviewed. The articles were searched using the following keywords and all their possible combinations: "obstructive sleep apnea", "sleep-disordered breathing", "sleep apnea", "OSA", "cardiovascular disease", "hypertension", and "Iran". Scientific databases, including the Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, were searched with no time limitations. Data were analyzed using a meta-analysis and a random effects model. Besides, heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Data analysis was performed in Stata version 11. RESULTS: The review of eight studies, with a total sample size of 1646 patients, showed that the prevalence of OSA was 59.21% (95% CI: 53.11-65.32) among CVD patients. Also, the prevalence of OSA was higher in men (60.12%; 95% CI: 60.12-82.54) than in women (41.01%; 95% CI: 16.08-65.94). Besides, it was estimated to be higher based on the STOP and STOP-BANG questionnaires (63%; 95% CI: 52.89-73.10) as compared to the Berlin questionnaire (56.63%; 95% CI: 49.20-64.06). CONCLUSION: More than half of Iranian CVD patients have OSA. Therefore, identifying high-risk patients to reduce the adverse effects of sleep apnea seems necessary.

The effect of acupressure on the level of the blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate in patients with the brain contusion under mechanical ventilation.

OBJECTIVES: Injuries induced by the brain trauma from mild to life-threatening therefore prevents these complications need psychological, environmental, and physical support. Acupressure by reduces muscle tension, improves blood circulation and stimulates endorphins secretion naturally reduce pain in these patients therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate effect of acupressure on the level of the blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate in patients with the brain contusion under mechanical ventilation. METHODS: The present study was a clinical trial with a sample size of 64 brain contusion patients who were selected based on available sampling and then randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. Demographic information and check list of blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded before intervention in two groups then acupressure at the p6 point for 10 min in both hands at the morning and evening for two consecutive days is done in intervention group while in control group this pressure was applied at the same time point at an inactive point such as thumb hands. After acupressure for both groups, physiological index was measured immediately, half and 1 h after every acupressure. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and physiological sheet. Data was analyzed using SPSS 21 software and analytical statistical tests (independent t-test, chi-square, Fisher's exact test). RESULTS: The mean of blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate before acupressure there was no significant statistical difference between two groups (p>0.05). but the mean of two consecutive days of blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate after acupressure in the intervention group than control group was significantly different (p<0/05). Therefore, physiologic index before acupressure than after acupressure in the intervention group was significant statistical difference (p<0.001). The mean difference before the intervention than 12 h after the last intervention between two group was significant statistical difference (p<0/05) which that detected the stability of the effect of acupressure. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that p6 point acupressure in the brain contusion patients under mechanical ventilation has been associated with improved blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate. While confirmation of these results requires further studies, but use of complementary medicine in recovery the physical condition and strengthening of the effect of nursing care of these patients should be considered.

Comparing the Effects of Massage Therapy and Aromatherapy on Knee Pain, Morning Stiffness, Daily Life Function, and Quality of Life in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis is the most common articular disease, and non-medical treatment of this disease has attracted the attention of researchers. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of aromatherapy and massage therapy on knee pain, morning stiffness, daily life function, and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: This is a clinical trial. In this study, 93 patients referred to the Imam Ali Hospital (Physical Therapy Clinic) who entered the study were randomly divided into three groups including massage therapy (n = 31), aromatherapy (n = 31), and the control (n = 31). The data gathering tools were a demographic characteristics questionnaire and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed before intervention and at the 5th and 10th sessions after intervention in all three groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20, and Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, repeated measures test, one-way ANOVA test, and Tukey's post hoc test were used for analysis. RESULTS: The study shows that mean score subscale Symptoms and dryness in the 5th session and 10th session of intervention in the aromatherapy group is significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). The massage therapy group had the highest pain score at the beginning of the intervention, but at the end of the 10th session of intervention had the least pain score. Mean score subscale Performance of daily life in the 5th session and 10th session of intervention in the aromatherapy group is significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). Mean score in the subscale Performance, exercise, and recreational activities significantly differs between the aroma therapy and massage therapy groups compared with the control group in all times of interventions (p < 0.05), and in the mean score in the subscale Quality of life, there is no significant difference between the groups in all times of interventions (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of both massage therapy and aromatherapy is recommended for patients with knee osteoarthritis. Interventions should be prolonged for at least 6 months in patients so their effects appear on the patient.

Anxiety, quality of work life and fatigue of Iran health care providers in health care centers in COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the status of anxiety, quality of work life, and fatigue of healthe care providers in six educational and medical centers of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in the southwest of Iran in the Covid-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was a cross-sectional study and included the statistical population of healthcare providers in six educational and medical centers of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in the southwest of Iran. Using random sampling method, 181 people who had direct involvement with patients with Covid-19 were selected and compared with 261 staff in other wards who had no direct contact with patients with Covid-19. For data collection, demographic information (demographic characteristics questionnaire), Covid-19 Anxiety Questionnaire, quality of work life and Rhoten fatigue questionnaires were used by self-administered online questionnaires. RESULTS: The results showed that the quality of life in both groups decreased and fatigue and anxiety caused by Covid-19 increased, but there was no statistically significant difference between anxiety derived fatigues of personnel involved with Covid-19 with personnel of other wards which were no directly faced Covid-19 patients. Regarding the quality of work life, no significant difference was observed in other components except in the component of human resource development. The results also showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the level of anxiety caused by Covid-19 with quality of work life and fatigue. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the present study, Covid-19 had a negative effect on physical, mental and various aspects of quality of life of health care staff and led to increased fatigue.

The effects of a self-management program based on 5 A`s model on the quality of life and self-efficacy in the myocardial infarction patients.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The myocardial infarction is the most severe manifestation of coronary artery disease. The promotion of self-efficacy in these patients can be effective in the improvement of their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a self-management program based on 5 A`s model on the quality of life and self-efficacy of the patients with myocardial infarction. METHODS: The current study was a clinical trial that was conducted in Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals in Shahr-e Kord (Iran) with the participation of 96 patients with myocardial infarction. The research units were blocked randomly into two 48-patient intervention and control groups. The training content was provided to the intervention group in five stages and they were asked to implement in three months. The demographic information questionnaire, the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life questionnaire, and Sullivan Self-Efficacy questionnaire were the data collection instruments. The mean scores of pre and post-intervention were compared by the use of SPSS, version 16, software, paired t-test, single t-test, chi-square, and Fisher's Exact Test. FINDINGS: The results showed that the mean squares of quality of life and self-efficacy in pre and postintervention had a significant difference and the intervention group had a higher quality of life and self-efficacy levels compared to the control group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, it is suggested to use this model for empowerment and caring of patients besides the medicinal treatments, so that it would not lead to inability, reduction about the medical centers, frequent hospitalization, and ultimately, reduction in medical costs, and promotion of the society's health.

The effect of teach-back training intervention of breathing exercise on the level of dyspnea, six-minutes walking test and FEV1/FVC ratio in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an irreversible pulmonary obstruction. Respiratory exercise training by a feedback-based model besides the routine managements have been considered to perform. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eighty exacerbated COPD patients with informed consent were divided to the control group (n = 40) received the routine approach and the intervention group (n = 40) received a teach-back training method (TBTM) of respiratory exercise including diaphragmatic breathing (DB), pursed-lip breathing (PLB), and effective coughing (EC) plus routine approach. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by measurement of the FEV1/FVC ratio, the Borg scale of dyspnea (BSD), and the 6-minute walking test (6MWT) results at the baseline, just after TBTM, and next 3 months. RESULTS: FEV1/FVC ratio has been indicated the significant improvement followed by TBTM compare to the baseline (p < 0.001). Moreover, the BSD scores in 3-month follow-up after TBTM were significantly lower compared to the baseline (6 ± 1.3 vs. 3.8 ± 0.78, p < 0.001). Although a significant difference was reported in 6MWT distance between two groups after 3-month follow-up (p < 0.001), there was no significant difference immediately after the TBTM (p = 0.992) that suggested a long-term effect of educational intervention on physical activity. CONCLUSION: Significant enhancement in the clinical variables can demonstrate the efficacy of the TBTM program in reducing COPD patients' symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http//www.irct.ir.Unique identifier: IRCT20181024041449N5.

Self-care in Iranian patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Self-care is a major factor in managing diabetes. This study aimed to determine the self-care status of Iranian patients with diabetes and to estimate the percentage of self-care in these individuals through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis 53 domestic articles published in Farsi and English were evaluated. We conducted database searches in domestic and foreign databases of Scientific Information Database (SID), MagIran, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Pub Med, and Scopus with no time limit. Data analysis was performed in Stata version 12 using meta-analysis method and the random effects model. RESULTS: A total of 50 articles (53 groups) with a sample size of 9565 were systematically reviewed. The percentage of self-care in patients with diabetes was reported to be 48.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 43.79-53.94). According to the results, the percentage of self-care score was higher in patients with type I diabetes (55.53) when compared with patients with type II diabetes (49.26). CONCLUSIONS: Since patients with diabetes obtained only half of the self-care score and given the importance of self-care in controlling and treating diabetes, it is necessary to perform actions to improve self-care such as benefiting from health facilities, and social and family support.