Effect of supplementation of soy sauce oil and Ca salts of fatty acids on rumen fermentation, milk production and conjugated linoleic acid in milk of dairy cows.

Eight cows were used to evaluate the effects of supplementation of soy sauce oil (SO) or Ca salts of fatty acids (FA) on rumen fermentation and milk production. The control diet (CO) consisted mainly of hay, corn silage and a concentrate. In the experimental diets, 400 g/day per cow of SO or FA (soybean oil and rapeseed oil) was supplemented to the CO diet. Experimental period for the three treatments was 14 days, and milk samples were taken during the last 2 days and rumen sample was taken on the last day. Dry matter intake was not affected by the treatments. The number of rumen protozoa at 0 h increased by SO and FA diets. Total volatile fatty acids at 2 h after feeding of SO diet was decreased compared to CO. The milk composition yield did not differ among treatments, although the percentages of fat and protein were decreased by SO and FA diets. The proportions of C8-C16 fatty acids in milk fat decreased, and those of C18 increased by SO and FA diets. The proportion of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid in milk fat by SO and FA diets increased by 120% and 135%, respectively. In spite of the slight suppression of rumen fermentation by SO diet, negative effects on feed intake and milk production were not detected.

Brown haze in an Allergan SI-40NB silicone intraocular lens.

We report a case of brown haze in an 83-year-old Japanese man with an Allergan silicone intraocular lens (IOL). The day after surgery, the IOL in the capsular bag was opaque. The patient subsequently had an IOL exchange. Microscopic examination of the extracted IOL showed numerous spheroid structures on the optic. Although the exact cause of this complication is unknown, water incorporated into the material may have had a role in the development of the sphere-like structures.

AP-1 (c-Fos/c-Jun) is required for corneal epithelial spreading.

PURPOSE: We previously demonstrated that the AP-1 components c-fos/c-jun are up-regulated in healing rat corneal epithelium in a relatively early phase following epithelial débridement, implicating the AP-1 function in the initiation of cell movement. To explore this hypothesis, we examined the effect of lack of c-Fos and c-Jun protein expressions on the spreading of corneal epithelium and in situ in organ culture. Antisense-oligonucleotide (AS) c-fos-null mice were used for this purpose. METHODS: A rectangular piece of corneal tissue (2 x2 mm) was obtained from each eye of recently killed adult C57BL/6 mice and was incubated for 11 h in culture medium with 8 microM c-fos AS or c-jun AS probe. Sense probes were used for negative control. A rectangular section of corneal tissue was also obtained from each eye of c-fos(-/-), c-fos(+/-) and c-fos(+/+) mice and was organ-cultured for 11 h. The length of the path of epithelial spreading on stromal cut surface (both sides) was measured in hematoxylin-eosin-stained specimens. Data were analyzed by unpaired Student's t-test. RESULTS: Addition of c-fos AS to the medium decreased the length of epithelial spread to 40.36% of that in the control with the S probe. Addition of c-jun AS decreased the length of epithelial spreading rate to 42.71% of control with S probe. Lacking c-Fos decreased the epithelial spreading to 17.73% of control data from c-fos(+/-) and c-fos(+/+) mice. CONCLUSION: AP-1 (c-Fos/c-Jun) is required for the corneal epithelial spreading.