Diagnostic Value of sLR11 and sIL-2R in the Cerebrospinal Fluid for Malignant Central Nervous System Lymphoma.

Objective We previously reported that patients with acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma (ML) demonstrated significantly increased serum soluble LR11 (sLR11) levels compared to normal controls. Accurately diagnosing ML of the central nervous system (CNS ML) using cytology is frequently difficult. Therefore, we evaluated the use of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sLR11 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) as diagnostic and treatment response markers for CNS ML. Methods We retrospectively evaluated the CSF results for CNS ML using clinical data at our institution, and then analyzed the usefulness of sLR11 and sIL-2R in CSF for both the diagnosis and as surrogate markers that reflect the therapeutic effect. Patients We enrolled patients with CNS ML who received intrathecal anticancer drugs between 2017 and 2023. We analyzed the sLR11 and sIL-2R levels in CSF and cytological malignant grades. We studied 22 patients, including 17 with central nervous system (CNS) clinical conditions and five who received prevention treatment. Results The CSF sLR11 levels were significantly and positively correlated with CSF sIL-2R levels. The CSF sLR11 and sIL-2R levels in patients with CNS ML were significantly higher than those in the prevention group. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed the cut-off value of sLR11 for CNS invasion to be 21.7 ng/mL. Moreover, the chemotherapy-responder group demonstrated significantly decreased CSF sLR11 and sIL-2R levels after treatment. Conclusion CSF sLR11 and sIL-2R of CSF were found to be useful biomarkers for the diagnostic and treatment response evaluation in patients with CNS ML.

Azacitidine decreases reactive oxygen species production in peripheral white blood cells: A case report.

BACKGROUND: In myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), oxidative stress is closely related to iron overload and DNA damage. A recent study suggested the possibility that increased oxidative stress causes not only iron overload but also disease progression of MDS with DNA damage. We present a case of MDS with decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in peripheral white blood cells (WBCs) and decreased diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) in serum after azacitidine therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 74-year-old man presented to the hematological department with the chief complaint of anemia. His vital signs were within normal limits at admission with a heart rate of 80 bpm and blood pressure of 135/60 mmHg. Laboratory tests indicated pancytopenia, a WBC count of 2190 cells/µL, a hemoglobin level of 6.2 g/dL and a platelet count of 7.4 × 104/µL. The patient was diagnosed with MDS with fibrosis after a bone marrow examination. This case showed decreased ROS production in WBCs, d-ROMs in serum and Wilms' tumor 1 after azacitidine therapy, after which his hematopoiesis recovered. CONCLUSION: Azacitidine therapy can improve hematopoiesis and decrease ROS and d-ROM production.

The Simultaneous Elevation of Oxidative Stress Markers and Wilms' Tumor 1 Gene during the Progression of Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Oxidative stress is closely related to iron overload in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and induces DNA damage. We evaluated the oxidative stress markers derivatives of reactive oxidative metabolites (dROM) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) during azacitidine treatment in an MDS patient. Simultaneous with an increase in the expression of Wilms' Tumor 1 (WT1) gene in the peripheral blood, the serum dROM level was elevated, and this increase was observed earlier than the increases in ferritin and 8-OHdG. Throughout the clinical course, dROM and 8-OHdG correlated significantly with WT1 and with ferritin, suggesting that changes in the oxidative stress marker levels reflect not only iron overload but also disease progression of MDS.