RESUMO
The nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor 2 (NOD2) is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that detects components of peptidoglycans from bacterial cell walls. NOD2 regulates bowel microorganisms, provides resistance against infections such as diarrhea, and reduces the risk of inflammatory bowel diseases in humans and mice. We previously demonstrated that a specific porcine NOD2 polymorphism (NOD2-2197A > C) augments the recognition of peptidoglycan components. In this study, the relationships between porcine NOD2-2197A/C genotypes affecting molecular functions and symptoms in a porcine circovirus 2b (PCV2b)-spreading Duroc pig population were investigated. The NOD2 allele (NOD2-2197A) with reduced recognition of the peptidoglycan components augmented the mortality of pigs at the growing stage in the PCV2b-spreading population. Comparison of NOD2 allele frequencies in the piglets before and after invasion of PCV2b indicated that the ratio of NOD2-2197A decreased in the population after the PCV2b epidemic. This data indicated that functional differences caused by NOD2-2197 polymorphisms have a marked impact on pig health and livestock productivity. We suggest that NOD2-2197CC is a PCV2 disease resistant polymorphism, which is useful for selective breeding by reducing mortality and increasing productivity.
Assuntos
Infecções por Circoviridae , Resistência à Doença/genética , Proteína Adaptadora de Sinalização NOD2/genética , Suínos/genética , Animais , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Infecções por Circoviridae/genética , Infecções por Circoviridae/mortalidade , Infecções por Circoviridae/patologia , Infecções por Circoviridae/transmissão , Circovirus/genética , Circovirus/imunologia , Circovirus/patogenicidade , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/genética , Masculino , Filogenia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Suínos/virologia , Doenças dos Suínos/genética , Doenças dos Suínos/mortalidade , Doenças dos Suínos/patologia , Doenças dos Suínos/transmissãoRESUMO
Frozen animal tissues without cryoprotectant have been thought to be inappropriate for use as a nuclear donor for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). We report the cloning of a bull using cells retrieved from testicles that had been taken from a dead animal and frozen without cryoprotectant in a -80 degrees C freezer for 10 years. We obtained live cells from defrosted pieces of the spermatic cords of frozen testicles. The cells proliferated actively in culture and were apparently normal. We transferred 16 SCNT embryos from these cells into 16 synchronized recipient animals. We obtained five pregnancies and four cloned calves developed to term. Our results indicate that complete genome sets are maintained in mammalian organs even after long-term frozen-storage without cryoprotectant, and that live clones can be produced from the recovered cells.